When the kmeans algorithm is used to cluster networks, this is not
deterministic by default. The result is that repeated runs of the
`simplify_network` and `cluster_network` rules can and usually do
produce different results that vary somewhat randomly. This makes
results less reproducible when given only a pypsa-eur configuration
file.
The fix is to supply a fixed random state to the k-means algorithm.
* allow H2 retrofitting from CH4 pipelines without endogenous CH4 grid
* add small capital cost to gas pipelines to incentivise decommissioning
* add release notes
* add regionalised hydrogen salt cavern storage potentials
* fix reading in salt-cavern potentials and typo in imports
* by default disable nearshore and offshore salt cavern potentials
Co-authored-by: lisazeyen <lisa.zeyen@web.de>
Assume you have 10 nodes that need to be distributed between 2 countries.
What can happen with some of the open source solvers is that one country
gets assigned to 9.01 (float) nodes, and the other one to 0.99.
Now using .astype(int) would lead to a node distribution of 0 and 9, as
the `astype(int)` function round down by default (0.99 -> 0). This assigned
zero value breaks the code in case open source solvers are used.
Gurobi somehow does deal with it.
Unfortunately Snakemake for now reads files using the default OS file
encoding, which may not be UTF-8. Therefore, it is best to be
conservative and only use ascii in source files for now.
* update mocksnakemake for testing
* remove trailing whitespace in n.loads index
* add missing color for H2 liquification
* adjust to default lifetime 0 instead of NaN
Rooftop-solar generators are missing the lifetime attribute when they are added.
This avoids that they are saved as brownfield capacities installed in a previous timestep when running myopic optimization.
I.e, they are not captured in the following line
5b9f64354f/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py (L31)
* for now use n.snapshot_weightings.generators
* require pypsa master; use .objective for Nyears
* implement suggestions from code review
* add release note
* Update .gitignore
* Add fictitious load to account for non-transformed shipping emissions
The share of shipping demand that is transformed is defined now for different years to be used with the myopic code.
The carbon emission from the remaining share is treated as a negative load on the atmospheric carbon dioxide bus, just like aviation and land transport emissions.
* Split colours for H2 in Industry and H2 in shipping when plotting balances.
When plotting the balance for H2, the rename dictionary merges all the demands containing H2.
This commit disables such merging and keeps different colours for H2 in shipping and H2 in industry. This is useful when one wants to look at the H2 balance and have an overview of where the H2 is consumed in the model.
* Make transformation of Steel and Aluminum production depends on year
Previously, the transformation of the Steel and Aluminum production was assumed to occur overnight.
This commit enables the definition of a transformation path via the config.yaml file.
This requires adding the {planning_horizon} to the input and output file name of the following rules:
build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow
build_industrial_production_per_node
build_industry_energy_demand_per_node
prepare_sector_network
* small follow-up to merge
* Add oil consumed in shipping as a load to EU oil bus
* Update scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
* add planning_horizons wildcard to benchmark paths
* fixup: double fraction_primary for steel
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
* Omitting unnecessary constraints on the CHP units
All CHPs in pypsa-eur-sec are operating on the backpressure line and this set of extra constraints to ensure working in the operational space of the CHPs is hence not necessary at the moment.
* remove chp constraints function call
* ammonia_production: minor cleaning and move into __main__ (#106)
* biomass_potentials: code cleaning and automatic country index inferral (#107)
* Revision: build energy totals (#111)
* blacken
* energy_totals: preliminaries
* energy_totals: update build_swiss
* energy_totals: update build_eurostat
* energy_totals: update build_idees
* energy_totals: update build_energy_totals
* energy_totals: update build_eea_co2
* energy_totals: update build_eurostat_co2
* energy_totals: update build_co2_totals
* energy_totals: update build_transport_data
* energy_totals: add tqdm progressbar to idees
* energy_totals: adjust __main__ section
* energy_totals: handle inputs via Snakefile and config
* energy_totals: handle data and emissions year via config
* energy_totals: fix reading in eurostat for different years
* energy_totals: fix erroneous drop duplicates
This caused problems for waste management in HU and SI
* energy_totals: make scope selection of CO2 or GHG a config option
* Revision: build industrial production per country (#114)
* industry-ppc: format
* industry-ppc: rewrite for performance
* industry-ppc: move reference year to config
* industry-ppct: tidy up and format (#115)
* remove stale industry demand rules (#116)
* industry-epc: rewrite for performance (#117)
* Revision: industrial distribution key (#118)
* industry-distribution: first tidying
* industry-distribution: first tidying
* industry-distribution: fix syntax
* Revision: industrial energy demand per node today (#119)
* industry-epn: minor code cleaning
* industry-epn: remove accidental artifact
* industry-epn: remove accidental artifact II
* industry-ppn: code cleaning (#120)
* minor code cleaning (#121)
* Revision: industry sector ratios (#122)
* sector-ratios: basic reformatting
* sector-ratios: add new read_excel function that filters year already
* sector-ratios: rename jrc to idees
* sector-ratios: rename conv_factor to toe_to_MWh
* sector-ratios: modularise into functions
* Move overriding of component attributes to function and into data (#123)
* move overriding of component attributes to central function and store in separate folder
* fix return of helper.override_component_attrs
* prepare: fix accidental syntax error
* override_component_attrs: bugfix that aligns with pypsa components
* Revision: build population layout (#108)
* population_layouts: move inside __main__ and blacken
* population_layouts: misc code cleaning and multiprocessing
* population_layouts: fix fill_values assignment of urban fractions
* population_layouts: bugfig for UK-GB naming ambiguity
* population_layouts: sort countries alphabetically for better overview
* config: change path to atlite cutout
* Revision: build clustered population layouts (#112)
* population_layouts: move inside __main__ and blacken
* population_layouts: misc code cleaning and multiprocessing
* population_layouts: fix fill_values assignment of urban fractions
* population_layouts: bugfig for UK-GB naming ambiguity
* population_layouts: sort countries alphabetically for better overview
* cl_pop_layout: blacken
* cl_pop_layout: turn GeoDataFrame into GeoSeries + code cleaning
* cl_pop_layout: add fraction column which is repeatedly calculated downstream
* Revision: build various heating-related time series (#113)
* population_layouts: move inside __main__ and blacken
* population_layouts: misc code cleaning and multiprocessing
* population_layouts: fix fill_values assignment of urban fractions
* population_layouts: bugfig for UK-GB naming ambiguity
* population_layouts: sort countries alphabetically for better overview
* cl_pop_layout: blacken
* cl_pop_layout: turn GeoDataFrame into GeoSeries + code cleaning
* gitignore: add .vscode
* heating_profiles: update to new atlite and move into __main__
* heating_profiles: remove extra cutout
* heating_profiles: load regions with .buffer(0) and remove clean_invalid_geometries
* heating_profiles: load regions with .buffer(0) before squeeze()
* heating_profiles: account for transpose of dataarray
* heating_profiles: account for transpose of dataarray in add_exiting_baseyear
* Reduce verbosity of Snakefile (2) (#128)
* tidy Snakefile light
* Snakefile: fix indents
* Snakefile: add missing RDIR
* tidy config by removing quotes and expanding lists (#109)
* bugfix: reorder squeeze() and buffer()
* plot/summary: cosmetic changes including: (#131)
- matplotlibrc for default style and backend
- remove unused config options
- option to configure geomap colors
- option to configure geomap bounds
* solve: align with pypsa-eur using ilopf (#129)
* tidy myopic code scripts (#132)
* use mock_snakemake from pypsa-eur (#133)
* Snakefile: add benchmark files to each rule
* Snakefile: only run build_retro_cost if endogenously optimised
* Snakefile: remove old {network} wildcard constraints
* WIP: Revision: prepare_sector_network (#124)
* population_layouts: move inside __main__ and blacken
* population_layouts: misc code cleaning and multiprocessing
* population_layouts: fix fill_values assignment of urban fractions
* population_layouts: bugfig for UK-GB naming ambiguity
* population_layouts: sort countries alphabetically for better overview
* cl_pop_layout: blacken
* cl_pop_layout: turn GeoDataFrame into GeoSeries + code cleaning
* move overriding of component attributes to central function and store in separate folder
* prepare: sort imports and remove six dependency
* prepare: remove add_emission_prices
* prepare: remove unused set_line_s_max_pu
This is a function from prepare_network
* prepare: remove unused set_line_volume_limit
This is a PyPSA-Eur function from prepare_network
* prepare: tidy add_co2limit
* remove six dependency
* prepare: tidy code first batch
* prepare: extend override_component_attrs to avoid hacky madd
* prepare: remove hacky madd() for individual components
* prepare: tidy shift function
* prepare: nodes and countries from n.buses not pop_layout
* prepare: tidy loading of pop_layout
* prepare: fix prepare_costs function
* prepare: optimise loading of traffic data
* prepare: move localizer into generate_periodic profiles
* prepare: some formatting of transport data
* prepare: eliminate some code duplication
* prepare: fix remove_h2_network
- only try to remove EU H2 store if it exists
- remove readding nodal Stores because they are never removed
* prepare: move cost adjustment to own function
* prepare: fix a syntax error
* prepare: add investment_year to get() assuming global variable
* prepare: move co2_totals out of prepare_data()
* Snakefile: remove unused prepare_sector_network inputs
* prepare: move limit p/s_nom of lines/links into function
* prepare: tidy add_co2limit file handling
* Snakefile: fix tabs
* override_component_attrs: add n/a defaults
* README: Add network picture to make scope clear
* README: Fix date of preprint (was too optimistic...)
* prepare: move some more config options to config.yaml
* prepare: runtime bugfixes
* fix benchmark path
* adjust plot ylims
* add unit attribute to bus, correct cement capture efficiency
* bugfix: land usage constrained missed inplace operation
Co-authored-by: Tom Brown <tom@nworbmot.org>
* add release notes
* remove old fix_branches() function
* deps: make geopy optional, remove unused imports
* increase default BarConvTol
* get ready for upcoming PyPSA release
* re-remove ** bug
* amend release notes
Co-authored-by: Tom Brown <tom@nworbmot.org>
Previously, the transformation of the Steel and Aluminum production was assumed to occur overnight.
This commit enables the definition of a transformation path via the config.yaml file.
This requires adding the {planning_horizon} to the input and output file name of the following rules:
build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow
build_industrial_production_per_node
build_industry_energy_demand_per_node
prepare_sector_network
When plotting the balance for H2, the rename dictionary merges all the demands containing H2.
This commit disables such merging and keeps different colours for H2 in shipping and H2 in industry. This is useful when one wants to look at the H2 balance and have an overview of where the H2 is consumed in the model.
The share of shipping demand that is transformed is defined now for different years to be used with the myopic code.
The carbon emission from the remaining share is treated as a negative load on the atmospheric carbon dioxide bus, just like aviation and land transport emissions.
* Propagate the solver log file name to the solver
Previously, the PyPSA network solving functions were not told about
the solver logfile specified in the Snakemake file.
* Pass solver_logfile on as kwargs
The `solve_network` function passes any additional arguments on to the
pypsa `network_lopf` and `ilopf` functions. Now we also pass
`solver_logfile` on as part of kwargs.
Fixing that the code stops with an error if running without the industry sector, e.g. only including electricity and heat. When the industry sector is not included, balances_df.index.levels[0] does not include "process emissions". Using the XOR operator "^" does then add it instead of removing it when compared to the co2_carriers list. The XOR operator does only work as intended, i.e. excluding the three emission-related strings, when these strings are already in the original list. The proposed change fixes the issue.
* Add focus_weights to pre-clustering
Hey guys,
another quick fix since I noticed it wasn't implemented yet: When pre-clustering the network, the focus_weights have not yet been considered. This may distort clustering results when pre-clustering to a low resolution.
* Update release_notes.rst
Hey guys,
please correct me if I'm wrong, but I think pricing both the charge and discharge of the battery store component with the inverter's capital costs results in duplicating costs since a bi-directional inverter is considered (I checked the source of the cost assumption, Budischak 2013).
Before working with PyPSA-EUR, I have worked with the toy model WHOBS where only the charging-link of the battery store component is priced with its capital costs (cf. https://github.com/PyPSA/WHOBS/blob/master/run_single_simulation.ipynb). The proposed change in code is equivalent.
* adjust buil_cutout.py and Snakefile
* try adjusting build_renewable_profiles, currently crashing due to weird pyproj error
* build_renewable_profiles: -remove printing gid
* build_renewable_profiles: use dask for paralellization, use dense functions
* build_renewable_profiles:
- revise imports
- add logging for long calculation
- revise explaining comment
- revise distance calculation
* build profiles: adjust to cutout.grid
* * fix area to square km
* rename potmatrix -> capacity_potential
* rename available to availibility
* config.default update cutout params
build_renewable_potentials: major refactoring and simplification
hydro_profiles: update code
* build profiles: fix weight output dimensions
* build profiles: fix typo, fix selection of buses
* build profiles: reinsert paths variable
* follow up
* build profiles: move to dask calculation only
* CI: set build cutout to true (add CDSAPI)
* build profiles: use pyproj, test with gleas and geokit upstream
* environment.yaml fix atlite version
* build profiles: use dask 'processes' for more than 25 regions
* build profiles: specify dask scheduler according to number of regions
* backpedal a bit, only allow scheduler='processes'
* follow up, code style and fixup
* build profiles: add logger info for underwater fraction calc
* config adjust cutout parameters
Snakefile fixup
* config.default.yaml: adjust resolution
* config: use one cutout in total
build_cutout: automatic detetection of geographical boundaries
* env: add python>=3.8 requirement
build_cutout: fixup for region bound
* config: allow base cutout
* folllow up, fix up
* follow up II
* clean up
* clean up II
* build profiles: move back to multiprocessing due to performance issues
* small code style corrections
* move in pool context
* swqitch to ratsterio
* switch to rasterio for availibility calculation
* tiny fixup
* * build continental raster for offshore distance calculation
* adjust Snakefile to new script build_raster
* rename continental raster to onshore raster
add projected_mask function (not yet tested)
add docstrings, modularize
* Snakefile: remove build_onhore_raster rule, build mask directly from geometry instead
build_natura_raster: adjust code, add function for exporting
build_profiles:
* add buffer to shore distance to init_globals function
* update docstrings
* improve handling of nodata grid codes
* add geometry mask if natura raster not activated
(the 255 value is an 'eligible' value for the corine data base,
do this for excluding data outside the shape)
* build_profiles: adjust docstrings
* update environment
* build profiles: fixup reproject woth padding
* follow up, small fixups
* fix resampling method
checkpoint: reproduces solar profile in tut data
* reintegrate plot map
code style
* config: rename cutout into "base"
* build profiles: adjust to new atlite code
* natura raster: small fixup
* build natura raster: compress tiff file
* config: adjust cutout names
* build profiles: cover case if no or partial overlap between natura raster and cutout
* config-tutorial: adjust cutout params
* buid-profifiles: fixup in gebco filter
* follow up
* update config files
* build profiles: select layoutmatrix != 0
* build profiles: speed up average_distance and underwaterfraction
* build profiles: fix typo
* update release notes
build_cutout: only build needed features
* update envs
* config: add temperature to sarah features
* temporary fix for atlite v0.2.1 and new xarray version release
* env: remove xarray specification
* * remove rule build_country_flh
* build profiles: remove sneaked in line
* doc: update configuration.rst (section atlite) and corresponding csv table
* release notes: fix quotes
* build profiles: use 3035 for area calculation
* Update envs/environment.docs.yaml
* Update scripts/build_cutout.py
* Update doc/release_notes.rst
Co-authored-by: euronion <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com>
* Update doc/configuration.rst
Co-authored-by: euronion <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com>
* Update scripts/build_cutout.py
Co-authored-by: euronion <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com>
* update release notes
* release notes: add deprecation of 'keep_all_available_areas'
build profiles: remove warning for 'keep_all_available_areas'
* build cutout: rearrage code, set buffer correctly
* Rename tutorial cutout to remove name clash with real cutout.
* Update release_notes.rst: Rename tutorial cutout.
* retrieve: update cutouts and downloads (alternative) (#237)
* retrieve: update cutouts and downloads
* retrieve: remove unnecessary import
* use snakemake remote file functionality
* Snakefile: update zenodo link
* update natura remote link (closes#234)
* env: update atlite version to 0.2.2
* env: fix dask version due to memory issues
* test: retrieve cutout instead of build
* test: use tutorial cutout for CI
Co-authored-by: euronion <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
* Make code more readable; remove misleading function arguments and add necessary ones
* Update scripts/build_energy_totals.py
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
In some cases, in networks with DC links, a non-existing column would
be referenced in an empty Dataframe. This commit adds a check for this
case.
Co-authored-by: Koen van Greevenbroek <koen@vesoldo.com>
Recently ICE vehicles were added, but the emissions were not accounted
for. Now, like aviation emissions, they are added as a negative load
to the "co2 atmosphere" bus.
The heat output from the carbon capture (CC) was being subtracted from
the CHP rather than the heat input.
Since the heat output and heat input are the same in the DEA
technology database (but at different temperatures), this bug has no
consequence, but still better to correct it.
Reasoning: we can also have fossil and biomass liquid hydrocarbons, as
well as production from the Fischer-Tropsch process, particularly for
simulations before 2050.
For the myopic method, based on the carbon budget indicated in the config file (sector_opts), a CO2 limit is calculated for every planning_horizon following an exponential or beta decay. A file with CO2 limit in every planning_horizon and a plot showing historical and planned CO2 emissions
are saved in the results
**This requires updating to UNFCCC_v23.csv in the data bundle**
This enables that the same function is used to read emissions in 2018, which are assumed to remain constant in 2019 and 2020 and subtracted from carbon budget (estimated from 2018 on).
I checked and 1990 emissions calculated with UNFCCC_v23 are very similar to those calculated with UNFCCC_v21 (<1% differences in all values at EU level).
Some countries show higher deviations, mainly in domestic aviation and navigation. I guess because those values started to be reported later and v23 should include more accurate values.
Running the rule solve_network in the university cluster, I was getting a "No space left on device" error. Making solve_dir=tmpdir by default avoids this error and makes it easier to identify any problem with temp files
This was breaking add_existing_baseyear.py and it is now fixed. Column name for commissioning year in powerplantmatching has changed. Now "DataIn" is used as column name, also when renewable capacities per country are added to the power plants dataframe
* Update prepare_network.py
The new ATK wildcard removes all lines + links without further distinction; however, since storage options are now modeled as store components, the links to and from the the storage units for (dis)charge are eliminated as well. Thus, the storage options drop out of the optimisation.
Especially when only allowing renewables as generation sources, optimisation may become infeasible for a high temporal resolution (capacity factors = 0 for certain hours; no further options to serve the load).
This issue does not arise with the ATKc wildcard, since bus0 and bus1 of the (dis)charge links share the same country code.
The proposed change is a very quick fix in the enforce_autarky function, solely removing DC links.
* Update scripts/prepare_network.py
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
* Update prepare_network.py
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
This is almost a direct copy PyPSA-Eur #167https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/pull/167
A factor altering the maximum capacity (p_nom_max) can also be specified by e.g. solar+p3
One should be careful when using this for solar because the factor is applied to all the generators whose carrier includes the string 'solar' (i.e., it is applied to both utility and rooftop solar)
I would suggest implementing 'solar utility' and 'solar rooftop' as carriers, since this can be useful for other selecting processes. Is there is any reason for keeping 'solar' as a carrier for 'solar utility'?
The previous way of increasing maximum capacity via the config file (e.g 'solar3') is still present in the code.
For the myopic method, based on the carbon budget indicated in the config file (sector_opts), a CO2 limit is calculated for every planning_horizon following an exponential or beta decay. A file with CO2 limit in every planning_horizon and a plot showing historical and planned CO2 emissions
are saved in the results
**This requires updating to UNFCCC_v23.csv in the data bundle**
This enables that the same function is used to read emissions in 2018, which are assumed to remain constant in 2019 and 2020 and subtracted from carbon budget (estimated from 2018 on).
I checked and 1990 emissions calculated with UNFCCC_v23 are very similar to those calculated with UNFCCC_v21 (<1% differences in all values at EU level).
Some countries show higher deviations, mainly in domestic aviation and navigation. I guess because those values started to be reported later and v23 should include more accurate values.
Running the rule solve_network in the university cluster, I was getting a "No space left on device" error. Making solve_dir=tmpdir by default avoids this error and makes it easier to identify any problem with temp files
This was breaking add_existing_baseyear.py and it is now fixed. Column name for commissioning year in powerplantmatching has changed. Now "DataIn" is used as column name, also when renewable capacities per country are added to the power plants dataframe
Before it just had a fixed marginal cost. Now it uses DEA assumptions
for heat, electricity and capital costs.
This necessitates locating it somewhere concrete. Heat is taken from
urban central or decentral buses.
Use DEA assumptions for post-combustion carbon capture.
Also rename CCS as CC whenever only carbon capture is involved, since
sequestration (or CCU) is a separate step.
Only change was to remove the Store-Link-Bus combinations for
batteries and H2 storage from PyPSA-Eur, since they are implemented
with different names, costs and voltage level in PyPSA-Eur-Sec.
Removals are now done in a more transparent way in the config.yaml.
The assumptions for c_b and c_v and eta were arranged assuming
extraction plants (like the coal CHP in DEA).
However, if you look in DEA assumptions at "09b Wood Pellets Medium"
(used for solid biomass CHP) and "Gas turbine simple cycle (large)"
(used for gas CHP) they are not extraction plants but back pressure
plants.
The back pressure coefficient in DEA c_b is simply
c_b = name plate electricity efficiency / name plate heat efficiency
both measured when both heat and electricity are produced at maximum.
For the extraction plants, the efficiency was measured in condensation
mode, i.e. no heat production.
In almost 99.5% of cases the CHP dispatches along the backpressure
line where heat output is proportional to electricity output.
So we can switch to a single link to avoid the burden of modelling the
full electricity-heat feasibility space of CHPs.
This only applies to large CHPs in district heating networks.
* release_notes: order for release
* doc: fix smaller typos and tidy up
* config: bump version
* doc: fix line references
* doc: bump confpy version
* envs: update fixed versions yaml
* Snakefile: simplify all_elec to all
* fix clustering of offwind-ac and offwind-dc in sites option
* add release nodes
* attach renewable assets by location (lat and lon) from OPSD register to network
* adapt default config to changes
* undo changes from a differen PR in cluster_network.py
* undo changes from a different PR, add release notes for this PR
* correct release notes
* add comments for relevant settings in add_electricity.py
* adjust configtable for electricity to OPSD renewable option and add estimate_renewable_capacities_from_capacitiy_stats
* reset cluster_network to HEAD
* add_electricity: Capacity is float
* config: add GB to OPSD_VRE_countries
* review and modify implementation
* update release notes
* Update envs/environment.yaml
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Co-authored-by: martha.frysztacki <eb5194@iai-esm003.iai.kit.edu>
Co-authored-by: eb5194 <martha.frysztacki@kit.edu>
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
* add option to use custom clustermaps from data folder
* adapt default config to custom busmap
* input file from Snakefile
* adapt input description
* add option to use custom clustermaps from data folder
* adapt default config to custom busmap
* input file from Snakefile
* adapt input description
* Snakefile: custom_busmap in cluster_network input is now csv
* cluster_network: custom_busmap is now read as csv file, adaptions of description
* simplify_network: adapt descriptions
* configfiles: add cutom_clustermaps switch
* unify clustarmap and busmap names
* unify clustermap and busmap names
* test/config: unify clustermap and busmap names
* cluster_network: make clustering_for_n_clusters compatible with simplify_network
* simplify_network: make compatible with changes in cluster_network.py
* Update scripts/cluster_network.py
* Update scripts/simplify_network.py
* Update scripts/simplify_network.py
* Update scripts/cluster_network.py
* Update scripts/cluster_network.py
* cluster_network: move custom_busmap flag to enable; simplify names
* cluster_network: move custom_busmap flag to enable; simplify names
* custom_busmap: add documentation
* cluster_network: add default for custom_busmap for compatibility with old configs
* cluster_network: add default for custom_busmap for compatibility with old configs
Co-authored-by: martha.frysztacki <eb5194@iai-esm003.iai.kit.edu>
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Specify as dictionary, use get_parameter to get correct value.
Also remove old parameter "space_heating_fraction" since this is
superceded by the new exogenous retro code.
Strategy is too keep as much of configuration in config.yaml as
possible.
We also aim to allow exogenous investment-year-dependent
configurations to be done in a similar manner (e.g. share of district
heating or FCEV transport).
Since today's industrial electricity demand is distributed by
population and GDP, subtract this from the regular electricity demand
(which already has space/water heating subtracted).
Now regular electricity demand is only non-heating electricity demand
in residential and tertiary sectors.
Add back new industry electricity demand at the correct locations, as
determined using the hotmaps database.
I.e. per sector geographical distribution of industrial facilities
within each country.
Drop facilities outside Europe and with no geocoordinates.
Use ETS emissions as a distribution key; where emissions data is
missing, substitute with an average for that sector and that country
(strong assumption).
I.e. when the generators are clustered to the "simplified" network
resolution, but the grid is clustered further, e.g. by using the
clusters = 37m "m" option.
List classes in config.yaml, rather than integer selection in
build_biomass_potentials.py.
Also output potentials for all years and scenarios for analysis.
I.e. when the generators are clustered to the "simplified" network
resolution, but the grid is clustered further, e.g. by using the
clusters = 37m "m" option.
Don't fix uniform ratios e.g. of 0.3:0.7 primary:secondary for steel
and aluminium, but convert the necessary amount of existing primary in
each country so that the overall ratio applies at European level.
This stops sudden swings from primary to secondary in countries
dominated by primary production.
Remove non-existing biomass from chemicals and cement, since these
need higher temperatures than achievable with residues and waste.
Increase biomass in pulp and paper (since already used extensively
here and T < 500), and replace methane with biomass in food, beverages
and tobacco, since temperatures needed are low (T < 500).
This allows us to control the substitution of natural gas for hydrogen
in NH3 production.
Remaining basic chemicals are olefins, BTX and chlorine.
For 2015 NH3 production, we use the USGS data source.
This was handled before in industry_sector_ratios.csv which was
confusing.
Now industry_sector_ratios.csv represents the genuine energy
consumption per tonne of material for each industrial route
(MWh/tMaterial).
An new file is created with ktMaterial/a in
industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.csv which contains changes
to the fraction of primary/secondary routes compared to today's
production in industrial_production_per_country.csv.
This is less confusing I think.
* fix emission prices
I'm not sure if the previous setup was intentional, but regarding that different generators might have different efficiencies and the emissions are carrier specific only, it makes more sense set net emission price.
* small fix
* update release_notes and config
Rather than taking a mean of the clustered connection costs.
Apply cost update also for overnight scenarios based on planning year.
Add land costs for onshore wind.
- add_brownfield.py: Have to make sure that for each CHP there is both
a heat and electric link, but they have different p_nom for each
CHP, so have to make sure we don't remove one without the other.
- solve_network.py: Make sure extra_functionality constraints for CHP
power-heat feasibility graph also work for non-extendable CHPs.
This simplifies the structure of add_brownfield.py dramatically.
Some other changes need to be make elsewhere because of name
changes (e.g. battery constraints in solve_network.py).
In order to calculate connection costs, average values for underground_fraction and average_distance are calculated for all the buses in the initial network mapped to the clustered network.
Previously they were distributed only by country to the first node in
the country.
Now conventional power plants are assigned to the correct node using
the bus map from PyPSA-Eur.
Wind and solar are distributed in each country by capacity factor.
The code has been refactored and a bug was fixed whereby total
capacities of wind and solar in each country were not correct.
Now the years in the config.yaml for myopic are integers not strings.
In prepare_costs, you need the min_count=1 in the sum so that it
generates NaNs for missing data (rather than 0) so that NaNs can be
subsituted by .fillna in the next line. Otherwise many values
(discount rates and efficiencies for solar, wind) are set to zero.
Also added carriers, storage and generators for coal, nuclear and
oil. (This needs to be organized better soon so that the carriers are
defined in config.yaml.)
Existing onwind and offwind capacity are now read from IRENA database, similarly to solar capacities. Previously we were using thewindpower.net database which is not open.
These geometries are apparently invalid due to self-crossing or
self-touching polygons.
The geometries are created by pypsa-eur/scripts/cluster_network.py but
appear to be valid before being written to file.
They are only valid after being read back in from file.
This seems to indicate some numerical issue relating to file reading
and writing.
Now the geometries are cleaned after being read in.
