add option to take today's district heating share
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lisazeyen
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2e336e5e70
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@ -141,6 +141,12 @@ existing_capacities:
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sector:
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central: true
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central_fraction: 0.6
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district_heating_increase: true
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dh_strength:
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2020: 0 # starting at today's share
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2030: 0.2
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2040: 0.5
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2050: 1 # maximum possible share defined in central fraction
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bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
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bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
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transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
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@ -332,7 +338,7 @@ solving:
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plotting:
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map:
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boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
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boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
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color_geomap:
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ocean: white
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land: whitesmoke
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def co2_emissions_year(countries, opts, year):
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co2_emissions = co2_totals.loc[countries, sectors].sum().sum()
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# convert MtCO2 to GtCO2
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co2_emissions *= 0.001
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co2_emissions *= 0.001
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return co2_emissions
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@ -102,17 +102,17 @@ def build_carbon_budget(o, fn):
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#emissions at the beginning of the path (last year available 2018)
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e_0 = co2_emissions_year(countries, opts, year=2018)
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#emissions in 2019 and 2020 assumed equal to 2018 and substracted
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carbon_budget -= 2 * e_0
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planning_horizons = snakemake.config['scenario']['planning_horizons']
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t_0 = planning_horizons[0]
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if "be" in o:
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# final year in the path
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t_f = t_0 + (2 * carbon_budget / e_0).round(0)
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t_f = t_0 + (2 * carbon_budget / e_0).round(0)
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def beta_decay(t):
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cdf_term = (t - t_0) / (t_f - t_0)
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@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ def insert_gas_distribution_costs(n, costs):
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# TODO options?
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f_costs = options['gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor']
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print("Inserting gas distribution grid with investment cost factor of", f_costs)
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capital_cost = costs.loc['electricity distribution grid']["fixed"] * f_costs
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@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ def insert_gas_distribution_costs(n, costs):
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gas_b = n.links.index[n.links.carrier.str.contains("gas boiler") &
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(~n.links.carrier.str.contains("urban central"))]
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n.links.loc[gas_b, "capital_cost"] += capital_cost
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# micro CHPs
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mchp = n.links.index[n.links.carrier.str.contains("micro gas")]
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n.links.loc[mchp, "capital_cost"] += capital_cost
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@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ def add_land_transport(n, costs):
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suffix=" EV battery",
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carrier="Li ion"
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)
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p_set = electric_share * (transport[nodes] + cycling_shift(transport[nodes], 1) + cycling_shift(transport[nodes], 2)) / 3
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n.madd("Load",
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@ -1086,8 +1086,8 @@ def add_land_transport(n, costs):
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p_set=p_set
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)
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p_nom = nodal_transport_data["number cars"] * options.get("bev_charge_rate", 0.011) * electric_share
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p_nom = nodal_transport_data["number cars"] * options.get("bev_charge_rate", 0.011) * electric_share
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n.madd("Link",
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nodes,
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@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ def add_land_transport(n, costs):
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if electric_share > 0 and options["bev_dsm"]:
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e_nom = nodal_transport_data["number cars"] * options.get("bev_energy", 0.05) * options["bev_availability"] * electric_share
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e_nom = nodal_transport_data["number cars"] * options.get("bev_energy", 0.05) * options["bev_availability"] * electric_share
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n.madd("Store",
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nodes,
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@ -1179,12 +1179,11 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
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sectors = ["residential", "services"]
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nodes = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()
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nodes, dist_fraction, urban_fraction = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()
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#NB: must add costs of central heating afterwards (EUR 400 / kWpeak, 50a, 1% FOM from Fraunhofer ISE)
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urban_fraction = options['central_fraction'] * pop_layout["urban"] / pop_layout[["urban", "rural"]].sum(axis=1)
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# exogenously reduce space heat demand
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if options["reduce_space_heat_exogenously"]:
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dE = get(options["reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor"], investment_year)
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@ -1199,7 +1198,7 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
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"services urban decentral",
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"urban central"
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]
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for name in heat_systems:
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name_type = "central" if name == "urban central" else "decentral"
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@ -1215,10 +1214,17 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
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## Add heat load
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for sector in sectors:
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# heat demand weighting
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if "rural" in name:
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factor = 1 - urban_fraction[nodes[name]]
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elif "urban" in name:
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factor = urban_fraction[nodes[name]]
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elif "urban central" in name:
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factor = dist_fraction[nodes[name]]
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elif "urban decentral" in name:
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factor = urban_fraction[nodes[name]] - \
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dist_fraction[nodes[name]]
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else:
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factor = None
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if sector in name:
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heat_load = heat_demand[[sector + " water",sector + " space"]].groupby(level=1,axis=1).sum()[nodes[name]].multiply(factor)
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@ -1281,16 +1287,16 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
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p_nom_extendable=True
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)
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if isinstance(options["tes_tau"], dict):
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tes_time_constant_days = options["tes_tau"][name_type]
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else:
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logger.warning("Deprecated: a future version will require you to specify 'tes_tau' ",
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"for 'decentral' and 'central' separately.")
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tes_time_constant_days = options["tes_tau"] if name_type == "decentral" else 180.
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# conversion from EUR/m^3 to EUR/MWh for 40 K diff and 1.17 kWh/m^3/K
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capital_cost = costs.at[name_type + ' water tank storage', 'fixed'] / 0.00117 / 40
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capital_cost = costs.at[name_type + ' water tank storage', 'fixed'] / 0.00117 / 40
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n.madd("Store",
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nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks",
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@ -1503,24 +1509,55 @@ def create_nodes_for_heat_sector():
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# rural are areas with low heating density and individual heating
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# urban are areas with high heating density
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# urban can be split into district heating (central) and individual heating (decentral)
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ct_urban = pop_layout.urban.groupby(pop_layout["ct"]).sum()
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pop_layout["urban_ct_fraction"] = pop_layout["urban"] / \
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pop_layout["ct"].map(ct_urban.get)
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# todays district heating share per country
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dist_heat_share_ct = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.dh_share, index_col=0,
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usecols=[0,1]).dropna()/100
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dist_heat_share = pop_layout.ct.map(dist_heat_share_ct["district heating share"])
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sectors = ["residential", "services"]
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nodes = {}
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urban_fraction = pop_layout["urban"] / \
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(pop_layout[["urban", "rural"]].sum(axis=1))
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for sector in sectors:
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nodes[sector + " rural"] = pop_layout.index
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nodes[sector + " urban decentral"] = pop_layout.index
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if options["central"]:
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# TODO: this looks hardcoded, move to config
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urban_decentral_ct = pd.Index(["ES", "GR", "PT", "IT", "BG"])
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nodes[sector + " urban decentral"] = pop_layout.index[pop_layout.ct.isin(urban_decentral_ct)]
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else:
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nodes[sector + " urban decentral"] = pop_layout.index
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# for central nodes, residential and services are aggregated
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nodes["urban central"] = pop_layout.index.symmetric_difference(nodes["residential urban decentral"])
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return nodes
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if options["central"] and not options['district_heating_increase']:
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central_fraction = options['central_fraction']
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dist_fraction = central_fraction * urban_fraction
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nodes["urban central"] = dist_fraction.index
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if options['district_heating_increase']: # take current district heating share
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dist_fraction = dist_heat_share * \
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pop_layout["urban_ct_fraction"] / pop_layout["fraction"]
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nodes["urban central"] = dist_fraction.index
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# if district heating share larger than urban fraction -> set urban
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# fraction to district heating share
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urban_fraction = pd.concat([urban_fraction, dist_fraction],
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axis=1).max(axis=1)
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diff = urban_fraction - dist_fraction
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dist_fraction += diff * get(options["dh_strength"], investment_year)
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print("************************************")
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print(
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"the current DH share compared to the maximum possible is increased \
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\n by a factor of ",
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get(options["dh_strength"], investment_year),
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"resulting DH share: ",
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dist_fraction)
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print("**********************************")
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else:
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dist_fraction = urban_fraction * 0
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nodes["urban central"] = dist_fraction.index
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return nodes, dist_fraction, urban_fraction
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def add_biomass(n, costs):
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@ -1730,9 +1767,9 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
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if shipping_hydrogen_share < 1:
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shipping_oil_share = 1 - shipping_hydrogen_share
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p_set = shipping_oil_share * nodal_energy_totals.loc[nodes, all_navigation].sum(axis=1) * 1e6 / 8760.
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n.madd("Load",
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nodes,
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suffix=" shipping oil",
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@ -1740,7 +1777,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
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carrier="shipping oil",
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p_set=p_set
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)
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co2 = shipping_oil_share * nodal_energy_totals.loc[nodes, all_navigation].sum().sum() * 1e6 / 8760 * costs.at["oil", "CO2 intensity"]
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n.add("Load",
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@ -1759,7 +1796,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
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)
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if "EU oil Store" not in n.stores.index:
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#could correct to e.g. 0.001 EUR/kWh * annuity and O&M
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n.add("Store",
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"EU oil Store",
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@ -1781,7 +1818,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
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if options["oil_boilers"]:
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nodes_heat = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()
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nodes_heat = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()[0]
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for name in ["residential rural", "services rural", "residential urban decentral", "services urban decentral"]:
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@ -1926,7 +1963,7 @@ def add_waste_heat(n):
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def decentral(n):
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"""Removes the electricity transmission system."""
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"""Removes the electricity transmission system."""
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n.lines.drop(n.lines.index, inplace=True)
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n.links.drop(n.links.index[n.links.carrier.isin(["DC", "B2B"])], inplace=True)
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@ -1973,17 +2010,18 @@ def limit_individual_line_extension(n, maxext):
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hvdc = n.links.index[n.links.carrier == 'DC']
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n.links.loc[hvdc, 'p_nom_max'] = n.links.loc[hvdc, 'p_nom'] + maxext
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#%%
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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if 'snakemake' not in globals():
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from helper import mock_snakemake
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snakemake = mock_snakemake(
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'prepare_sector_network',
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simpl='',
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clusters=48,
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opts="",
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clusters="37",
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lv=1.0,
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sector_opts='Co2L0-168H-T-H-B-I-solar3-dist1',
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planning_horizons=2020,
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planning_horizons="2020",
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)
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logging.basicConfig(level=snakemake.config['logging_level'])
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@ -1998,7 +2036,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
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n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network, override_component_attrs=overrides)
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pop_layout = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.clustered_pop_layout, index_col=0)
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Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.generators.sum() / 8760
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Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760
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costs = prepare_costs(snakemake.input.costs,
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snakemake.config['costs']['USD2013_to_EUR2013'],
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@ -2009,7 +2047,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
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patch_electricity_network(n)
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if snakemake.config["foresight"] == 'myopic':
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add_lifetime_wind_solar(n, costs)
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conventional = snakemake.config['existing_capacities']['conventional_carriers']
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