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version : 0.5 .0
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logging_level : INFO
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results_dir : results/
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summary_dir : results
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costs_dir : ../technology-data/outputs/
run : your-run-name # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
foresight : overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
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# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below
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scenario :
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simpl : # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
- ''
lv : # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 (today) or "opt"
- 1.0
- 1.5
clusters : # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
- 45
- 50
opts : # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
- ''
sector_opts : # this is where the main scenario settings are
- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar+p3-dist1
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# to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
# Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
# Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
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# xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
# single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
# B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation
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# solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
# solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
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# co2 stored+e2 multiplies the potential of CO2 sequestration by a factor 2
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# dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
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# for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
# emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
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# planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
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# cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
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# decay with initial growth rate 0
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planning_horizons : # investment years for myopic and perfect; or costs year for overnight
- 2030
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# for example, set to [2020, 2030, 2040, 2050] for myopic foresight
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# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
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# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
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co2_budget :
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2020 : 0.7011648746
2025 : 0.5241935484
2030 : 0.2970430108
2035 : 0.1500896057
2040 : 0.0712365591
2045 : 0.0322580645
2050 : 0
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# snapshots are originally set in PyPSA-Eur/config.yaml but used again by PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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snapshots :
# arguments to pd.date_range
start : "2013-01-01"
end : "2014-01-01"
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closed : left # end is not inclusive
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atlite :
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cutout : ../pypsa-eur/cutouts/europe-2013-era5.nc
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# this information is NOT used but needed as an argument for
# pypsa-eur/scripts/add_electricity.py/load_costs in make_summary.py
electricity :
max_hours :
battery : 6
H2 : 168
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# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
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# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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pypsa_eur :
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Bus :
- AC
Link :
- DC
Generator :
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
StorageUnit :
- PHS
- hydro
Store : [ ]
energy :
energy_totals_year : 2011
base_emissions_year : 1990
eurostat_report_year : 2016
emissions : CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"
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biomass :
year : 2030
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scenario : ENS_Med
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classes :
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solid biomass :
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- Argicultural waste
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- Municipal waste
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- Residues from landscape care
- Sawdust
- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
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not included :
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- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
- Fuelwood residues
- C&P_RW
- FuelwoodRW
- Rape seed
- Sugar from sugar beet
- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
- "Sunflower, soya seed "
- Poplar
- Willow
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biogas :
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- Manure solid, liquid
- Sludge
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solar_thermal :
clearsky_model : simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
orientation :
slope : 45 .
azimuth : 180 .
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# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
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existing_capacities :
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grouping_years : [ 1980 , 1985 , 1990 , 1995 , 2000 , 2005 , 2010 , 2015 , 2019 ]
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threshold_capacity : 10
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conventional_carriers :
- lignite
- coal
- oil
- uranium
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sector :
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central : true
central_fraction : 0.6
bev_dsm_restriction_value : 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
bev_dsm_restriction_time : 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
transport_heating_deadband_upper : 20 .
transport_heating_deadband_lower : 15 .
ICE_lower_degree_factor : 0.375 #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
ICE_upper_degree_factor : 1.6
EV_lower_degree_factor : 0.98
EV_upper_degree_factor : 0.63
district_heating_loss : 0.15
bev_dsm : true #turns on EV battery
bev_availability : 0.5 #How many cars do smart charging
bev_energy : 0.05 #average battery size in MWh
bev_charge_efficiency : 0.9 #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency : 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
bev_charge_rate : 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
bev_avail_max : 0.95
bev_avail_mean : 0.8
v2g : true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
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#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
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land_transport_fuel_cell_share : # 1 means all FCEVs
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2020 : 0
2030 : 0.05
2040 : 0.1
2050 : 0.15
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land_transport_electric_share : # 1 means all EVs
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2020 : 0
2030 : 0.25
2040 : 0.6
2050 : 0.85
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transport_fuel_cell_efficiency : 0.5
transport_internal_combustion_efficiency : 0.3
shipping_average_efficiency : 0.4 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
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shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction : true # whether to consider liquefaction costs for shipping H2 demands
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shipping_hydrogen_share : # 1 means all hydrogen FC
2020 : 0
2025 : 0
2030 : 0.05
2035 : 0.15
2040 : 0.3
2045 : 0.6
2050 : 1
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time_dep_hp_cop : true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
heat_pump_sink_T : 55 . # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
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# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously : true # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
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# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor : # per unit reduction in space heat demand
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# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
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2020 : 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
2025 : 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
2030 : 0.09
2035 : 0.11
2040 : 0.16
2045 : 0.21
2050 : 0.29
retrofitting : # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
retro_endogen : false # co-optimise space heat savings
cost_factor : 1.0 # weight costs for building renovation
interest_rate : 0.04 # for investment in building components
annualise_cost : true # annualise the investment costs
tax_weighting : false # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
construction_index : true # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
tes : true
tes_tau : # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
decentral : 3
central : 180
boilers : true
oil_boilers : false
chp : true
micro_chp : false
solar_thermal : true
solar_cf_correction : 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
marginal_cost_storage : 0 . #1e-4
methanation : true
helmeth : true
dac : true
co2_vent : true
SMR : true
co2_sequestration_potential : 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
co2_sequestration_cost : 20 #EUR/tCO2 for transport and sequestration of CO2
cc_fraction : 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
hydrogen_underground_storage : true
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat : true
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat : true
electricity_distribution_grid : false
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor : 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
electricity_grid_connection : true # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
gas_distribution_grid : true
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor : 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
OCGT : gas
industry :
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St_primary_fraction : # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
2020 : 0.6
2025 : 0.55
2030 : 0.5
2035 : 0.45
2040 : 0.4
2045 : 0.35
2050 : 0.3
DRI_fraction : # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
2020 : 0
2025 : 0
2030 : 0.05
2035 : 0.2
2040 : 0.4
2045 : 0.7
2050 : 1
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H2_DRI : 1.7 #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
elec_DRI : 0.322 #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
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Al_primary_fraction : # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
2020 : 0.4
2025 : 0.375
2030 : 0.35
2035 : 0.325
2040 : 0.3
2045 : 0.25
2050 : 0.2
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MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR : 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR : 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis : 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis : 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
NH3_process_emissions : 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
petrochemical_process_emissions : 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
HVC_primary_fraction : 1.0 #fraction of current non-ammonia basic chemicals produced via primary route
hotmaps_locate_missing : false
reference_year : 2015
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costs :
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lifetime : 25 #default lifetime
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# From a Lion Hirth paper, also reflects average of Noothout et al 2016
discountrate : 0.07
# [EUR/USD] ECB: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html # noqa: E501
USD2013_to_EUR2013 : 0.7532
# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
# capital_cost:
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# onwind: 500
marginal_cost :
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solar : 0.01
onwind : 0.015
offwind : 0.015
hydro : 0 .
H2 : 0 .
battery : 0 .
emission_prices : # only used with the option Ep (emission prices)
co2 : 0 .
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lines :
length_factor : 1.25 #to estimate offwind connection costs
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solving :
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#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
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options :
formulation : kirchhoff
clip_p_max_pu : 1.e-2
load_shedding : false
noisy_costs : true
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skip_iterations : true
track_iterations : false
min_iterations : 4
max_iterations : 6
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solver :
name : gurobi
threads : 4
method : 2 # barrier
crossover : 0
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BarConvTol : 1.e-6
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Seed : 123
AggFill : 0
PreDual : 0
GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH : 200
#FeasibilityTol: 1.e-6
#name: cplex
#threads: 4
#lpmethod: 4 # barrier
#solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
#barrier_convergetol: 1.e-5
#feasopt_tolerance: 1.e-6
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mem : 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
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plotting :
map :
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boundaries : [ -11 , 30 , 34 , 71 ]
color_geomap :
ocean : white
land : whitesmoke
costs_max : 1000
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costs_threshold : 1
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energy_max : 20000
energy_min : -20000
energy_threshold : 50
vre_techs :
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
renewable_storage_techs :
- PHS
- hydro
conv_techs :
- OCGT
- CCGT
- Nuclear
- Coal
storage_techs :
- hydro+PHS
- battery
- H2
load_carriers :
- AC load
AC_carriers :
- AC line
- AC transformer
link_carriers :
- DC line
- Converter AC-DC
heat_links :
- heat pump
- resistive heater
- CHP heat
- CHP electric
- gas boiler
- central heat pump
- central resistive heater
- central CHP heat
- central CHP electric
- central gas boiler
heat_generators :
- gas boiler
- central gas boiler
- solar thermal collector
- central solar thermal collector
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tech_colors :
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onwind : "#235ebc"
onshore wind : "#235ebc"
offwind : "#6895dd"
offshore wind : "#6895dd"
offwind-ac : "#6895dd"
offshore wind (AC) : "#6895dd"
offwind-dc : "#74c6f2"
offshore wind (DC) : "#74c6f2"
wave : '#004444'
hydro : '#3B5323'
hydro reservoir : '#3B5323'
ror : '#78AB46'
run of river : '#78AB46'
hydroelectricity : '#006400'
solar : "#f9d002"
solar PV : "#f9d002"
solar thermal : coral
solar rooftop : '#ffef60'
OCGT : wheat
OCGT marginal : sandybrown
OCGT-heat : '#ee8340'
gas boiler : '#ee8340'
gas boilers : '#ee8340'
gas boiler marginal : '#ee8340'
gas-to-power/heat : '#ee8340'
gas : brown
natural gas : brown
SMR : '#4F4F2F'
oil : '#B5A642'
oil boiler : '#B5A677'
lines : k
transmission lines : k
H2 : m
hydrogen storage : m
battery : slategray
battery storage : slategray
home battery : '#614700'
home battery storage : '#614700'
Nuclear : r
Nuclear marginal : r
nuclear : r
uranium : r
Coal : k
coal : k
Coal marginal : k
Lignite : grey
lignite : grey
Lignite marginal : grey
CCGT : '#ee8340'
CCGT marginal : '#ee8340'
heat pumps : '#76EE00'
heat pump : '#76EE00'
air heat pump : '#76EE00'
ground heat pump : '#40AA00'
power-to-heat : '#40AA00'
resistive heater : pink
Sabatier : '#FF1493'
methanation : '#FF1493'
power-to-gas : '#FF1493'
power-to-liquid : '#FFAAE9'
helmeth : '#7D0552'
DAC : '#E74C3C'
co2 stored : '#123456'
CO2 sequestration : '#123456'
CC : k
co2 : '#123456'
co2 vent : '#654321'
solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere : '#654321'
solid biomass for industry co2 to stored : '#654321'
gas for industry co2 to atmosphere : '#654321'
gas for industry co2 to stored : '#654321'
Fischer-Tropsch : '#44DD33'
kerosene for aviation : '#44BB11'
naphtha for industry : '#44FF55'
land transport oil : '#44DD33'
water tanks : '#BBBBBB'
hot water storage : '#BBBBBB'
hot water charging : '#BBBBBB'
hot water discharging : '#999999'
CHP : r
CHP heat : r
CHP electric : r
PHS : g
Ambient : k
Electric load : b
Heat load : r
heat : darkred
rural heat : '#880000'
central heat : '#b22222'
decentral heat : '#800000'
low-temperature heat for industry : '#991111'
process heat : '#FF3333'
heat demand : darkred
electric demand : k
Li ion : grey
district heating : '#CC4E5C'
retrofitting : purple
building retrofitting : purple
BEV charger : grey
V2G : grey
land transport EV : grey
electricity : k
gas for industry : '#333333'
solid biomass for industry : '#555555'
industry electricity : '#222222'
industry new electricity : '#222222'
process emissions to stored : '#444444'
process emissions to atmosphere : '#888888'
process emissions : '#222222'
oil emissions : '#666666'
land transport oil emissions : '#666666'
land transport fuel cell : '#AAAAAA'
biogas : '#800000'
solid biomass : '#DAA520'
today : '#D2691E'
shipping : '#6495ED'
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shipping oil : "#6495ED"
shipping oil emissions : "#6495ED"
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electricity distribution grid : '#333333'
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H2 for industry : "#222222"
H2 for shipping : "#6495ED"
