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version : 0.6 .0
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logging_level : INFO
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retrieve_sector_databundle : true
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results_dir : results/
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summary_dir : results
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costs_dir : ../technology-data/outputs/
run : your-run-name # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
foresight : overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
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# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below
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scenario :
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simpl : # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
- ''
lv : # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 (today) or "opt"
- 1.0
- 1.5
clusters : # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
- 45
- 50
opts : # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
- ''
sector_opts : # this is where the main scenario settings are
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- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
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# to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
# Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
# Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
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# xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
# single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
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# B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation,
# A for agriculture, forestry and fishing
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# solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
# solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
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# co2 stored+e2 multiplies the potential of CO2 sequestration by a factor 2
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# dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
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# for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
# emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
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# planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
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# cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
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# decay with initial growth rate 0
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planning_horizons : # investment years for myopic and perfect; or costs year for overnight
- 2030
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# for example, set to [2020, 2030, 2040, 2050] for myopic foresight
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# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
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# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
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co2_budget :
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2020 : 0.7011648746
2025 : 0.5241935484
2030 : 0.2970430108
2035 : 0.1500896057
2040 : 0.0712365591
2045 : 0.0322580645
2050 : 0
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# snapshots are originally set in PyPSA-Eur/config.yaml but used again by PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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snapshots :
# arguments to pd.date_range
start : "2013-01-01"
end : "2014-01-01"
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closed : left # end is not inclusive
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atlite :
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cutout : ../pypsa-eur/cutouts/europe-2013-era5.nc
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# this information is NOT used but needed as an argument for
# pypsa-eur/scripts/add_electricity.py/load_costs in make_summary.py
electricity :
max_hours :
battery : 6
H2 : 168
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# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
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# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
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# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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pypsa_eur :
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Bus :
- AC
Link :
- DC
Generator :
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
StorageUnit :
- PHS
- hydro
Store : [ ]
energy :
energy_totals_year : 2011
base_emissions_year : 1990
eurostat_report_year : 2016
emissions : CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"
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biomass :
year : 2030
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scenario : ENS_Med
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classes :
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solid biomass :
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- Agricultural waste
- Fuelwood residues
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- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
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- Sawdust
- Residues from landscape care
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- Municipal waste
not included :
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- Sugar from sugar beet
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- Rape seed
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- "Sunflower, soya seed "
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- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
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- Willow
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- Poplar
- FuelwoodRW
- C&P_RW
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biogas :
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- Manure solid, liquid
- Sludge
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solar_thermal :
clearsky_model : simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
orientation :
slope : 45 .
azimuth : 180 .
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# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
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existing_capacities :
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grouping_years : [ 1980 , 1985 , 1990 , 1995 , 2000 , 2005 , 2010 , 2015 , 2020 , 2025 , 2030 ]
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threshold_capacity : 10
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conventional_carriers :
- lignite
- coal
- oil
- uranium
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sector :
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district_heating :
potential : 0.6 # maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating
# increase of today's district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share
# progress = 0 means today's district heating share, progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating
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progress : 1
# 2020: 0.0
# 2030: 0.3
# 2040: 0.6
# 2050: 1.0
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district_heating_loss : 0.15
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bev_dsm_restriction_value : 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
bev_dsm_restriction_time : 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
transport_heating_deadband_upper : 20 .
transport_heating_deadband_lower : 15 .
ICE_lower_degree_factor : 0.375 #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
ICE_upper_degree_factor : 1.6
EV_lower_degree_factor : 0.98
EV_upper_degree_factor : 0.63
bev_dsm : true #turns on EV battery
bev_availability : 0.5 #How many cars do smart charging
bev_energy : 0.05 #average battery size in MWh
bev_charge_efficiency : 0.9 #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency : 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
bev_charge_rate : 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
bev_avail_max : 0.95
bev_avail_mean : 0.8
v2g : true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
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#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
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land_transport_fuel_cell_share : 0.15 # 1 means all FCEVs
# 2020: 0
# 2030: 0.05
# 2040: 0.1
# 2050: 0.15
land_transport_electric_share : 0.85 # 1 means all EVs
# 2020: 0
# 2030: 0.25
# 2040: 0.6
# 2050: 0.85
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transport_fuel_cell_efficiency : 0.5
transport_internal_combustion_efficiency : 0.3
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agriculture_machinery_electric_share : 0
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agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency : 0.7 # fuel oil per use
agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency : 0.3 # electricity per use
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shipping_average_efficiency : 0.4 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
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shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction : false # whether to consider liquefaction costs for shipping H2 demands
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shipping_hydrogen_share : 1 # 1 means all hydrogen FC
# 2020: 0
# 2025: 0
# 2030: 0.05
# 2035: 0.15
# 2040: 0.3
# 2045: 0.6
# 2050: 1
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time_dep_hp_cop : true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
heat_pump_sink_T : 55 . # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
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# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously : true # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
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# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor : 0.29 # per unit reduction in space heat demand
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# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
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# 2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
# 2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
# 2030: 0.09
# 2035: 0.11
# 2040: 0.16
# 2045: 0.21
# 2050: 0.29
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retrofitting : # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
retro_endogen : false # co-optimise space heat savings
cost_factor : 1.0 # weight costs for building renovation
interest_rate : 0.04 # for investment in building components
annualise_cost : true # annualise the investment costs
tax_weighting : false # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
construction_index : true # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
tes : true
tes_tau : # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
decentral : 3
central : 180
boilers : true
oil_boilers : false
chp : true
micro_chp : false
solar_thermal : true
solar_cf_correction : 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
marginal_cost_storage : 0 . #1e-4
methanation : true
helmeth : true
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coal_cc : true
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dac : true
co2_vent : true
SMR : true
co2_sequestration_potential : 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
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co2_sequestration_cost : 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2
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co2_network : false
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cc_fraction : 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
hydrogen_underground_storage : true
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hydrogen_underground_storage_locations :
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# - onshore # more than 50 km from sea
- nearshore # within 50 km of sea
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# - offshore
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use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat : true
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat : true
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electricity_distribution_grid : true
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electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor : 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
electricity_grid_connection : true # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
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H2_network : true
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gas_network : false
H2_retrofit : false # if set to True existing gas pipes can be retrofitted to H2 pipes
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# according to hydrogen backbone strategy (April, 2020) p.15
# https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020_European-Hydrogen-Backbone_Report.pdf
# 60% of original natural gas capacity could be used in cost-optimal case as H2 capacity
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H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4 : 0.6 # ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines
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gas_network_connectivity_upgrade : 1 # https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation
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gas_distribution_grid : true
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor : 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
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biomass_transport : false # biomass transport between nodes
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conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
OCGT : gas
industry :
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St_primary_fraction : 0.3 # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
# 2020: 0.6
# 2025: 0.55
# 2030: 0.5
# 2035: 0.45
# 2040: 0.4
# 2045: 0.35
# 2050: 0.3
DRI_fraction : 1 # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
# 2020: 0
# 2025: 0
# 2030: 0.05
# 2035: 0.2
# 2040: 0.4
# 2045: 0.7
# 2050: 1
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H2_DRI : 1.7 #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
elec_DRI : 0.322 #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
Al_primary_fraction : 0.2 # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
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# 2020: 0.4
# 2025: 0.375
# 2030: 0.35
# 2035: 0.325
# 2040: 0.3
# 2045: 0.25
# 2050: 0.2
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MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR : 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR : 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis : 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis : 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
NH3_process_emissions : 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
petrochemical_process_emissions : 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
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HVC_primary_fraction : 1 . # fraction of today's HVC produced via primary route
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HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction : 0 . # fraction of today's HVC produced via mechanical recycling
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction : 0 . # fraction of today's HVC produced via chemical recycling
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HVC_production_today : 52 . # MtHVC/a from DECHEMA (2017), Figure 16, page 107; includes ethylene, propylene and BTX
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MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling : 0.547 # from SI of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010, Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756.
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MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling : 6.9 # Material Economics (2019), page 125; based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking
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chlorine_production_today : 9.58 # MtCl/a from DECHEMA (2017), Table 7, page 43
MWh_elec_per_tCl : 3.6 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 6, page 43
MWh_H2_per_tCl : -0.9372 # DECHEMA (2017), page 43; negative since hydrogen produced in chloralkali process
methanol_production_today : 1.5 # MtMeOH/a from DECHEMA (2017), page 62
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH : 0.167 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 14, page 65
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH : 10.25 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 14, page 65
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hotmaps_locate_missing : false
reference_year : 2015
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# references:
# DECHEMA (2017): https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf
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# Material Economics (2019): https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/industrial-transformation-2050
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costs :
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lifetime : 25 #default lifetime
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# From a Lion Hirth paper, also reflects average of Noothout et al 2016
discountrate : 0.07
# [EUR/USD] ECB: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html # noqa: E501
USD2013_to_EUR2013 : 0.7532
# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
# capital_cost:
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# onwind: 500
marginal_cost :
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solar : 0.01
onwind : 0.015
offwind : 0.015
hydro : 0 .
H2 : 0 .
battery : 0 .
emission_prices : # only used with the option Ep (emission prices)
co2 : 0 .
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lines :
length_factor : 1.25 #to estimate offwind connection costs
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solving :
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#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
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options :
formulation : kirchhoff
clip_p_max_pu : 1.e-2
load_shedding : false
noisy_costs : true
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skip_iterations : true
track_iterations : false
min_iterations : 4
max_iterations : 6
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keep_shadowprices :
- Bus
- Line
- Link
- Transformer
- GlobalConstraint
- Generator
- Store
- StorageUnit
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solver :
name : gurobi
threads : 4
method : 2 # barrier
crossover : 0
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BarConvTol : 1.e-6
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Seed : 123
AggFill : 0
PreDual : 0
GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH : 200
#FeasibilityTol: 1.e-6
#name: cplex
#threads: 4
#lpmethod: 4 # barrier
#solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
#barrier_convergetol: 1.e-5
#feasopt_tolerance: 1.e-6
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mem : 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
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plotting :
map :
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boundaries : [ -11 , 30 , 34 , 71 ]
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color_geomap :
ocean : white
land : whitesmoke
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eu_node_location :
x : -5.5
y : 46 .
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costs_max : 1000
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costs_threshold : 1
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energy_max : 20000
energy_min : -20000
energy_threshold : 50
vre_techs :
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
renewable_storage_techs :
- PHS
- hydro
conv_techs :
- OCGT
- CCGT
- Nuclear
- Coal
storage_techs :
- hydro+PHS
- battery
- H2
load_carriers :
- AC load
AC_carriers :
- AC line
- AC transformer
link_carriers :
- DC line
- Converter AC-DC
heat_links :
- heat pump
- resistive heater
- CHP heat
- CHP electric
- gas boiler
- central heat pump
- central resistive heater
- central CHP heat
- central CHP electric
- central gas boiler
heat_generators :
- gas boiler
- central gas boiler
- solar thermal collector
- central solar thermal collector
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tech_colors :
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# wind
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onwind : "#235ebc"
onshore wind : "#235ebc"
offwind : "#6895dd"
offshore wind : "#6895dd"
offwind-ac : "#6895dd"
offshore wind (AC) : "#6895dd"
offwind-dc : "#74c6f2"
offshore wind (DC) : "#74c6f2"
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# water
hydro : '#298c81'
hydro reservoir : '#298c81'
ror : '#3dbfb0'
run of river : '#3dbfb0'
hydroelectricity : '#298c81'
PHS : '#51dbcc'
wave : '#a7d4cf'
# solar
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solar : "#f9d002"
solar PV : "#f9d002"
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solar thermal : '#ffbf2b'
solar rooftop : '#ffea80'
# gas
OCGT : '#e0986c'
OCGT marginal : '#e0986c'
OCGT-heat : '#e0986c'
gas boiler : '#db6a25'
gas boilers : '#db6a25'
gas boiler marginal : '#db6a25'
gas : '#e05b09'
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fossil gas : '#e05b09'
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natural gas : '#e05b09'
CCGT : '#a85522'
CCGT marginal : '#a85522'
gas for industry co2 to atmosphere : '#692e0a'
gas for industry co2 to stored : '#8a3400'
gas for industry : '#853403'
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gas for industry CC : '#692e0a'
gas pipeline : '#ebbca0'
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gas pipeline new : '#a87c62'
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# oil
oil : '#c9c9c9'
oil boiler : '#adadad'
agriculture machinery oil : '#949494'
shipping oil : "#808080"
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land transport oil : '#afafaf'
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# nuclear
Nuclear : '#ff8c00'
Nuclear marginal : '#ff8c00'
nuclear : '#ff8c00'
uranium : '#ff8c00'
# coal
Coal : '#545454'
coal : '#545454'
Coal marginal : '#545454'
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solid : '#545454'
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Lignite : '#826837'
lignite : '#826837'
Lignite marginal : '#826837'
# biomass
biogas : '#e3d37d'
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biomass : '#baa741'
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solid biomass : '#baa741'
solid biomass transport : '#baa741'
solid biomass for industry : '#7a6d26'
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solid biomass for industry CC : '#47411c'
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solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere : '#736412'
solid biomass for industry co2 to stored : '#47411c'
# power transmission
lines : '#6c9459'
transmission lines : '#6c9459'
electricity distribution grid : '#97ad8c'
# electricity demand
Electric load : '#110d63'
electric demand : '#110d63'
electricity : '#110d63'
industry electricity : '#2d2a66'
industry new electricity : '#2d2a66'
agriculture electricity : '#494778'
# battery + EVs
battery : '#ace37f'
battery storage : '#ace37f'
home battery : '#80c944'
home battery storage : '#80c944'
BEV charger : '#baf238'
V2G : '#e5ffa8'
land transport EV : '#baf238'
Li ion : '#baf238'
# hot water storage
water tanks : '#e69487'
hot water storage : '#e69487'
hot water charging : '#e69487'
hot water discharging : '#e69487'
# heat demand
Heat load : '#cc1f1f'
heat : '#cc1f1f'
heat demand : '#cc1f1f'
rural heat : '#ff5c5c'
central heat : '#cc1f1f'
decentral heat : '#750606'
low-temperature heat for industry : '#8f2727'
process heat : '#ff0000'
agriculture heat : '#d9a5a5'
# heat supply
heat pumps : '#2fb537'
heat pump : '#2fb537'
air heat pump : '#36eb41'
ground heat pump : '#2fb537'
Ambient : '#98eb9d'
CHP : '#8a5751'
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CHP CC : '#634643'
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CHP heat : '#8a5751'
CHP electric : '#8a5751'
district heating : '#e8beac'
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resistive heater : '#d8f9b8'
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retrofitting : '#8487e8'
building retrofitting : '#8487e8'
# hydrogen
H2 for industry : "#f073da"
H2 for shipping : "#ebaee0"
H2 : '#bf13a0'
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hydrogen : '#bf13a0'
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SMR : '#870c71'
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SMR CC : '#4f1745'
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H2 liquefaction : '#d647bd'
hydrogen storage : '#bf13a0'
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H2 storage : '#bf13a0'
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land transport fuel cell : '#6b3161'
H2 pipeline : '#f081dc'
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H2 pipeline retrofitted : '#ba99b5'
2021-10-06 16:33:54 +00:00
H2 Fuel Cell : '#c251ae'
H2 Electrolysis : '#ff29d9'
2021-10-06 14:41:10 +00:00
# syngas
Sabatier : '#9850ad'
methanation : '#c44ce6'
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methane : '#c44ce6'
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helmeth : '#e899ff'
# synfuels
Fischer-Tropsch : '#25c49a'
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liquid : '#25c49a'
kerosene for aviation : '#a1ffe6'
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naphtha for industry : '#57ebc4'
# co2
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CC : '#f29dae'
CCS : '#f29dae'
CO2 sequestration : '#f29dae'
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DAC : '#ff5270'
co2 stored : '#f2385a'
co2 : '#f29dae'
co2 vent : '#ffd4dc'
CO2 pipeline : '#f5627f'
# emissions
2021-10-23 19:23:34 +00:00
process emissions CC : '#000000'
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process emissions : '#222222'
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process emissions to stored : '#444444'
process emissions to atmosphere : '#888888'
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oil emissions : '#aaaaaa'
shipping oil emissions : "#555555"
land transport oil emissions : '#777777'
agriculture machinery oil emissions : '#333333'
# other
shipping : '#03a2ff'
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power-to-heat : '#2fb537'
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power-to-gas : '#c44ce6'
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power-to-H2 : '#ff29d9'
2021-10-06 14:41:10 +00:00
power-to-liquid : '#25c49a'
gas-to-power/heat : '#ee8340'
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waste : '#e3d37d'
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other : '#000000'
