pypsa-eur/doc/tutorial_sector.rst
2024-02-19 17:15:20 +01:00

32 KiB

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> </head>

Tutorial: Sector-Coupled

Note

If you have not done it yet, follow the :ref:`installation` steps first.

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Also, checkout the tutorial for electricity-only systems first at :ref:`tutorial`.

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In this tutorial, we will add further sectors to the electricity-only model from :ref:`tutorial`, namely industry, transport, and buildings. This requires processing of a few more raw data sources.

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The sector-coupling code can be run as an overnight / greenfield scenario or with multi-horizon investment with myopic foresight. Pathway analysis with perfect foresight is under development. See also the documentation on :ref:`foresight`.

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Overnight Scenarios

Configuration

The default configuration file (config/config.default.yaml) is set up for running overnight scenarios. Running a sector-coupled model unlocks many further configuration options. In the example below, we say that the gas network should be added and spatially resolved. We also say that the existing gas network may be retrofitted to transport hydrogen instead.

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.. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.overnight.yaml
   :language: yaml
   :start-at: sector:
   :end-before: solving:

Documentation for all options will be added successively to :ref:`config`.

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Scenarios can be defined like for electricity-only studies, but with additional wildcard options.

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.. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.overnight.yaml
   :language: yaml
   :start-at: scenario:
   :end-before: countries:

For allowed wildcard values, refer to :ref:`wildcards`.

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Execution

To run an overnight / greenfiled scenario with the specifications above, run

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.. code:: bash

    snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.overnight.yaml

which will result in the following jobs snakemake wants to run, some of which were already included in the electricity-only tutorial:

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.. code:: bash

    job                                                 count
    ------------------------------------------------  -------
    add_electricity                                         1
    add_extra_components                                    1
    all                                                     1
    base_network                                            1
    build_ammonia_production                                1
    build_biomass_potentials                                1
    build_bus_regions                                       1
    build_clustered_population_layouts                      1
    build_cop_profiles                                      1
    build_daily_heat_demand                                 1
    build_district_heat_share                               1
    build_electricity_demand                                1
    build_energy_totals                                     1
    build_gas_input_locations                               1
    build_gas_network                                       1
    build_hourly_heat_demand                                1
    build_industrial_distribution_key                       1
    build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today        1
    build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node                 1
    build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today           1
    build_industrial_production_per_country                 1
    build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow        1
    build_industrial_production_per_node                    1
    build_industry_sector_ratios                            1
    build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate               1
    build_population_layouts                                1
    build_population_weighted_energy_totals                 1
    build_powerplants                                       1
    build_renewable_profiles                                4
    build_salt_cavern_potentials                            1
    build_shapes                                            1
    build_ship_raster                                       1
    build_shipping_demand                                   1
    build_simplified_population_layouts                     1
    build_temperature_profiles                              3
    build_transport_demand                                  1
    cluster_gas_network                                     1
    cluster_network                                         1
    copy_config                                             1
    make_summary                                            1
    plot_gas_network                                        1
    plot_hydrogen_network                                   1
    plot_power_network                                      1
    plot_power_network_clustered                            1
    plot_summary                                            1
    prepare_network                                         1
    prepare_sector_network                                  1
    retrieve_cost_data                                      1
    retrieve_databundle                                     1
    retrieve_electricity_demand                             1
    retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data                        1
    retrieve_natura_raster                                  1
    retrieve_sector_databundle                              1
    simplify_network                                        1
    solve_sector_network                                    1
    total                                                  60

This covers the retrieval of additional raw data from online resources and preprocessing data about the transport, industry, and heating sectors as well as additional rules about geological storage and sequestration potentials, gas infrastructure, and biomass potentials. The collection rule all will also generate summary CSV files and plots after the network has been solved successfully.

System Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 137)

Unknown directive type "graphviz".

.. graphviz::
    :class: full-width
    :align: center

    digraph snakemake_dag {
        graph[bgcolor=white, margin=0];
        node[shape=box, style=rounded, fontname=sans,                 fontsize=10, penwidth=2];
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            5[label = "simplify_network\nsimpl: ", color = "0.18 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            6[label = "add_electricity", color = "0.33 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            7[label = "build_renewable_profiles\ntechnology: solar", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            8[label = "base_network", color = "0.31 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            9[label = "build_shapes", color = "0.36 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
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            11[label = "retrieve_natura_raster", color = "0.01 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            12[label = "build_bus_regions", color = "0.10 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            13[label = "retrieve_cutout\ncutout: be-03-2013-era5", color = "0.37 0.6 0.85", style="rounded,dashed"];
            14[label = "build_renewable_profiles\ntechnology: onwind", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            15[label = "build_renewable_profiles\ntechnology: offwind-ac", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            16[label = "build_ship_raster", color = "0.64 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
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            19[label = "retrieve_cost_data\nyear: 2030", color = "0.12 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            20[label = "build_powerplants", color = "0.23 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            21[label = "build_electricity_demand", color = "0.54 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            22[label = "retrieve_electricity_demand", color = "0.07 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            23[label = "solve_sector_network", color = "0.41 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            24[label = "prepare_sector_network\nsector_opts: CO2L0-24h-T-H-B-I-A-dist1", color = "0.22 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            25[label = "cluster_gas_network", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            26[label = "build_gas_network", color = "0.10 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            27[label = "retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data", color = "0.17 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            28[label = "build_gas_input_locations", color = "0.16 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            29[label = "prepare_network\nll: v1.5\nopts: ", color = "0.49 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            30[label = "add_extra_components", color = "0.14 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            31[label = "build_energy_totals", color = "0.39 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            32[label = "retrieve_sector_databundle", color = "0.58 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            33[label = "build_population_weighted_energy_totals", color = "0.56 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            34[label = "build_clustered_population_layouts", color = "0.49 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            35[label = "build_population_layouts", color = "0.06 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            36[label = "build_shipping_demand", color = "0.47 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            37[label = "build_transport_demand", color = "0.45 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            38[label = "build_temperature_profiles\nscope: total", color = "0.04 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            39[label = "build_biomass_potentials\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.11 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            40[label = "build_salt_cavern_potentials", color = "0.15 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            41[label = "build_simplified_population_layouts", color = "0.46 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            42[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node", color = "0.63 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            43[label = "build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.07 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            44[label = "build_industry_sector_ratios", color = "0.59 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            45[label = "build_ammonia_production", color = "0.04 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            46[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today", color = "0.44 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            47[label = "build_industrial_production_per_country", color = "0.34 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            48[label = "build_industrial_production_per_node", color = "0.26 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            49[label = "build_industrial_distribution_key", color = "0.13 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            50[label = "build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.32 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            51[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today", color = "0.48 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            52[label = "build_hourly_heat_demand", color = "0.28 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            53[label = "build_daily_heat_demand\nscope: total", color = "0.28 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            54[label = "build_district_heat_share\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.52 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            55[label = "build_temperature_profiles\nscope: rural", color = "0.04 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            56[label = "build_temperature_profiles\nscope: urban", color = "0.04 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            57[label = "build_cop_profiles", color = "0.38 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            58[label = "copy_config", color = "0.19 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            59[label = "plot_power_network", color = "0.60 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            60[label = "plot_hydrogen_network", color = "0.27 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            61[label = "plot_gas_network", color = "0.08 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            1 -> 0
            2 -> 1
            32 -> 1
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            4 -> 61
    }


Myopic Foresight Scenarios

Configuration

To activate the myopic foresight mode, set

System Message: WARNING/2 (<stdin>, line 385)

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.. code:: yaml

    foresight: myopic

Scenarios can be defined like for electricity-only studies, but with additional wildcard options. For the myopic foresight mode, the {planning_horizons} wildcard defines the sequence of investment horizons.

System Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 393)

Unknown directive type "literalinclude".

.. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.myopic.yaml
   :language: yaml
   :start-at: scenario:
   :end-before: countries:

For allowed wildcard values, refer to :ref:`wildcards`.

System Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 398); backlink

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In the myopic foresight mode, you can tweak for instance exogenously given transition paths, like the one for the share of primary steel production we change below:

System Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 403)

Unknown directive type "literalinclude".

.. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.myopic.yaml
   :language: yaml
   :start-at: industry:
   :end-before: solving:

Documentation for all options will be added successively to :ref:`config`.

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Execution

To run a myopic foresight scenario with the specifications above, run

System Message: WARNING/2 (<stdin>, line 415)

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.. code:: bash

    snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.myopic.yaml

which will result in additional jobs snakemake wants to run, which translates to the following workflow diagram which nicely outlines how the sequential pathway optimisation with myopic foresight is implemented in the workflow:

System Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 424)

Unknown directive type "graphviz".

.. graphviz::
    :class: full-width
    :align: center

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        graph[bgcolor=white, margin=0];
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            73[label = "prepare_sector_network\nsector_opts: 24h-T-H-B-I-A-dist1", color = "0.42 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            74[label = "build_biomass_potentials\nplanning_horizons: 2050", color = "0.41 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            75[label = "retrieve_cost_data\nyear: 2050", color = "0.04 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            76[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node", color = "0.47 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            77[label = "build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate\nplanning_horizons: 2050", color = "0.31 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            78[label = "build_industrial_production_per_node", color = "0.05 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            79[label = "build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow\nplanning_horizons: 2050", color = "0.33 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            80[label = "build_district_heat_share\nplanning_horizons: 2050", color = "0.21 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            81[label = "plot_power_network", color = "0.48 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            82[label = "plot_power_network", color = "0.48 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            83[label = "plot_power_network", color = "0.48 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            84[label = "plot_hydrogen_network", color = "0.37 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            85[label = "plot_hydrogen_network", color = "0.37 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
            86[label = "plot_hydrogen_network", color = "0.37 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"];
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    }


Scaling-Up

If you now feel confident and want to tackle runs with larger temporal, technological and spatial scope, clean-up the repository and after modifying the config/config.yaml file target the collection rule all again without providing the test configuration file.

System Message: WARNING/2 (<stdin>, line 825)

Cannot analyze code. Pygments package not found.

.. code:: bash

    snakemake -call purge
    snakemake -call all

Note

It is good practice to perform a dry-run using the option -n, before you commit to a run:

System Message: WARNING/2 (<stdin>, line 835)

Cannot analyze code. Pygments package not found.

.. code:: bash

    snakemake -call all -n
</html>