1038 lines
36 KiB
YAML
1038 lines
36 KiB
YAML
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
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#
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
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version: 0.8.0
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tutorial: false
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logging:
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level: INFO
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format: '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s'
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private:
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keys:
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entsoe_api:
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remote:
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ssh: ""
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path: ""
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run:
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name: "" # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
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disable_progressbar: false # set to true to disable the progressbar
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shared_resources: false # set to true to share the default resources across runs
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shared_cutouts: true # set to true to share the default cutout(s) across runs
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foresight: overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
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# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below
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scenario:
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simpl:
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- ''
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ll: # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 with a prefix v|c (today) or "copt"
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- v1.0
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- v1.5
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clusters: # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
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- 37
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- 128
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- 256
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- 512
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- 1024
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opts: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
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- ''
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sector_opts: # this is where the main scenario settings are
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- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
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# to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
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# Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
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# Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
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# xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
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# single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
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# B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation,
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# A for agriculture, forestry and fishing
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# solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
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# solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
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# seq400 sets the potential of CO2 sequestration to 400 Mt CO2 per year
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# dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
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# for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
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# emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
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# planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
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# cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
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# decay with initial growth rate 0
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planning_horizons: # investment years for myopic and perfect; for overnight, year of cost assumptions can be different and is defined under 'costs'
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- 2050
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# for example, set to
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# - 2020
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# - 2030
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# - 2040
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# - 2050
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# for myopic foresight
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countries: ['AL', 'AT', 'BA', 'BE', 'BG', 'CH', 'CZ', 'DE', 'DK', 'EE', 'ES', 'FI', 'FR', 'GB', 'GR', 'HR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LT', 'LU', 'LV', 'ME', 'MK', 'NL', 'NO', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'RS', 'SE', 'SI', 'SK']
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snapshots:
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start: "2013-01-01"
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end: "2014-01-01"
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inclusive: 'left' # include start, not end
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enable:
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prepare_links_p_nom: false
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retrieve_databundle: true
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retrieve_sector_databundle: true
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retrieve_cost_data: true
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build_cutout: false
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retrieve_cutout: true
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build_natura_raster: false
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retrieve_natura_raster: true
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custom_busmap: false
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# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
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# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
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# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
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co2_budget:
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2020: 0.701
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2025: 0.524
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2030: 0.297
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2035: 0.150
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2040: 0.071
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2045: 0.032
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2050: 0.000
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electricity:
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voltages: [220., 300., 380.]
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gaslimit: false # global gas usage limit of X MWh_th
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co2limit: 7.75e+7 # 0.05 * 3.1e9*0.5
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co2base: 1.487e+9
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agg_p_nom_limits: data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv
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operational_reserve: # like https://genxproject.github.io/GenX/dev/core/#Reserves
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activate: false
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epsilon_load: 0.02 # share of total load
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epsilon_vres: 0.02 # share of total renewable supply
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contingency: 4000 # fixed capacity in MW
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max_hours:
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battery: 6
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H2: 168
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extendable_carriers:
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Generator: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, OCGT]
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StorageUnit: [] # battery, H2
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Store: [battery, H2]
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Link: [] # H2 pipeline
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# use pandas query strings here, e.g. Country not in ['Germany']
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powerplants_filter: (DateOut >= 2022 or DateOut != DateOut)
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# use pandas query strings here, e.g. Country in ['Germany']
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custom_powerplants: false
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conventional_carriers: [nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass]
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renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, hydro]
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estimate_renewable_capacities:
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enable: true
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# Add capacities from OPSD data
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from_opsd: true
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# Renewable capacities are based on existing capacities reported by IRENA
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year: 2020
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# Artificially limit maximum capacities to factor * (IRENA capacities),
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# i.e. 110% of <years>'s capacities => expansion_limit: 1.1
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# false: Use estimated renewable potentials determine by the workflow
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expansion_limit: false
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technology_mapping:
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# Wind is the Fueltype in powerplantmatching, onwind, offwind-{ac,dc} the carrier in PyPSA-Eur
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Offshore: [offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
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Onshore: [onwind]
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PV: [solar]
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atlite:
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default_cutout: europe-2013-era5
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nprocesses: 4
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show_progress: false # false saves time
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cutouts:
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# use 'base' to determine geographical bounds and time span from config
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# base:
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# module: era5
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europe-2013-era5:
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module: era5 # in priority order
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x: [-12., 35.]
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y: [33., 72]
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dx: 0.3
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dy: 0.3
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time: ['2013', '2013']
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europe-2013-sarah:
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module: [sarah, era5] # in priority order
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x: [-12., 45.]
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y: [33., 65]
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dx: 0.2
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dy: 0.2
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time: ['2013', '2013']
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sarah_interpolate: false
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sarah_dir:
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features: [influx, temperature]
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renewable:
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onwind:
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cutout: europe-2013-era5
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resource:
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method: wind
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turbine: Vestas_V112_3MW
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capacity_per_sqkm: 3 # ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 30% fraction of the already restricted
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# area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public
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# acceptance issues.
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# correction_factor: 0.93
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corine:
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# Scholz, Y. (2012). Renewable energy based electricity supply at low costs
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# development of the REMix model and application for Europe. ( p.42 / p.28)
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grid_codes: [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32]
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distance: 1000
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distance_grid_codes: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
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natura: true
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excluder_resolution: 100
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potential: simple # or conservative
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clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
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offwind-ac:
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cutout: europe-2013-era5
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resource:
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method: wind
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turbine: NREL_ReferenceTurbine_5MW_offshore
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capacity_per_sqkm: 2 # ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 20% fraction of the already restricted
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# area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public
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# acceptance issues.
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correction_factor: 0.8855
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# proxy for wake losses
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# from 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.153
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# until done more rigorously in #153
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corine: [44, 255]
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natura: true
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ship_threshold: 400
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max_depth: 50
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max_shore_distance: 30000
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excluder_resolution: 200
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potential: simple # or conservative
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clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
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offwind-dc:
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cutout: europe-2013-era5
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resource:
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method: wind
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turbine: NREL_ReferenceTurbine_5MW_offshore
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capacity_per_sqkm: 2 # ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 20% fraction of the already restricted
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# area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public
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# acceptance issues.
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correction_factor: 0.8855
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# proxy for wake losses
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# from 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.153
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# until done more rigorously in #153
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corine: [44, 255]
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natura: true
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ship_threshold: 400
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max_depth: 50
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min_shore_distance: 30000
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excluder_resolution: 200
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potential: simple # or conservative
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clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
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solar:
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cutout: europe-2013-sarah
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resource:
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method: pv
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panel: CSi
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orientation:
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slope: 35.
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azimuth: 180.
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capacity_per_sqkm: 1.7 # ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 170 MW/km^2 and assuming 1% of the area can be used for solar PV panels
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# Correction factor determined by comparing uncorrected area-weighted full-load hours to those
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# published in Supplementary Data to
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# Pietzcker, Robert Carl, et al. "Using the sun to decarbonize the power
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# sector -- The economic potential of photovoltaics and concentrating solar
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# power." Applied Energy 135 (2014): 704-720.
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# This correction factor of 0.854337 may be in order if using reanalysis data.
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# for discussion refer to https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/pull/304
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# correction_factor: 0.854337
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corine: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 31, 32]
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natura: true
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excluder_resolution: 100
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potential: simple # or conservative
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clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
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hydro:
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cutout: europe-2013-era5
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carriers: [ror, PHS, hydro]
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PHS_max_hours: 6
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hydro_max_hours: "energy_capacity_totals_by_country" # one of energy_capacity_totals_by_country, estimate_by_large_installations or a float
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clip_min_inflow: 1.0
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conventional:
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unit_commitment: false
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dynamic_fuel_price: false
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nuclear:
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p_max_pu: "data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv" # float of file name
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lines:
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types:
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220.: "Al/St 240/40 2-bundle 220.0"
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300.: "Al/St 240/40 3-bundle 300.0"
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380.: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
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s_max_pu: 0.7
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s_nom_max: .inf
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length_factor: 1.25
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under_construction: 'zero' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
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links:
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p_max_pu: 1.0
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p_nom_max: .inf
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include_tyndp: true
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under_construction: 'zero' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
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transformers:
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x: 0.1
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s_nom: 2000.
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type: ''
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load:
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power_statistics: true # only for files from <2019; set false in order to get ENTSOE transparency data
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interpolate_limit: 3 # data gaps up until this size are interpolated linearly
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time_shift_for_large_gaps: 1w # data gaps up until this size are copied by copying from
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manual_adjustments: true # false
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scaling_factor: 1.0
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# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
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# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
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# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
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# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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pypsa_eur:
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Bus:
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- AC
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Link:
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- DC
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Generator:
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- onwind
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- offwind-ac
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- offwind-dc
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- solar
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- ror
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StorageUnit:
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- PHS
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- hydro
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Store: []
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energy:
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energy_totals_year: 2011
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base_emissions_year: 1990
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eurostat_report_year: 2016
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emissions: CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"
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biomass:
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year: 2030
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scenario: ENS_Med
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classes:
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solid biomass:
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- Agricultural waste
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- Fuelwood residues
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- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
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- Sawdust
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- Residues from landscape care
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- Municipal waste
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not included:
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- Sugar from sugar beet
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- Rape seed
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- "Sunflower, soya seed "
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- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
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- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
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- Willow
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- Poplar
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- FuelwoodRW
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- C&P_RW
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biogas:
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- Manure solid, liquid
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- Sludge
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solar_thermal:
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clearsky_model: simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
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orientation:
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slope: 45.
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azimuth: 180.
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# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
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existing_capacities:
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grouping_years_power: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030]
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grouping_years_heat: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019] # these should not extend 2020
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threshold_capacity: 10
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conventional_carriers:
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- lignite
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- coal
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- oil
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- uranium
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sector:
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district_heating:
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potential: 0.6 # maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating
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# increase of today's district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share
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# progress = 0 means today's district heating share, progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating
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progress:
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2020: 0.0
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2030: 0.3
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2040: 0.6
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2050: 1.0
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district_heating_loss: 0.15
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cluster_heat_buses: false # cluster residential and service heat buses to one to save memory
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bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
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bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
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transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
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transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
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ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375 #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
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ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
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EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
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EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
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bev_dsm: true #turns on EV battery
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bev_availability: 0.5 #How many cars do smart charging
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bev_energy: 0.05 #average battery size in MWh
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bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9 #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
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bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
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bev_charge_rate: 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
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bev_avail_max: 0.95
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bev_avail_mean: 0.8
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v2g: true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
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#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
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land_transport_fuel_cell_share:
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.05
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2040: 0.1
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2050: 0.15
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land_transport_electric_share:
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.25
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2040: 0.6
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2050: 0.85
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land_transport_ice_share:
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2020: 1
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2030: 0.7
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2040: 0.3
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2050: 0
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transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
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transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
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agriculture_machinery_electric_share: 0
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agriculture_machinery_oil_share: 1
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agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency: 0.7 # fuel oil per use
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agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency: 0.3 # electricity per use
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MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2: 0.8787 # in LHV, source: DECHEMA (2017): Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry , pg. 64.
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MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2: 4.0321 # in LHV, source: DECHEMA (2017): Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry , pg. 64.
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MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e: 3.6907 # in LHV, source: DECHEMA (2017): Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry , pg. 64.
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shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction: false # whether to consider liquefaction costs for shipping H2 demands
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shipping_hydrogen_share:
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2020: 0
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2030: 0
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2040: 0
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2050: 0
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shipping_methanol_share:
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.3
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2040: 0.7
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2050: 1
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shipping_oil_share:
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2020: 1
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2030: 0.7
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2040: 0.3
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2050: 0
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shipping_methanol_efficiency: 0.46 # 10-15% higher https://www.iea-amf.org/app/webroot/files/file/Annex%20Reports/AMF_Annex_56.pdf, https://users.ugent.be/~lsileghe/documents/extended_abstract.pdf
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shipping_oil_efficiency: 0.40 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
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aviation_demand_factor: 1. # relative aviation demand compared to today
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HVC_demand_factor: 1. # relative HVC demand compared to today
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time_dep_hp_cop: true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
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heat_pump_sink_T: 55. # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
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# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
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# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
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# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor: # per unit reduction in space heat demand
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# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
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2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
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2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
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2030: 0.09
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2035: 0.11
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2040: 0.16
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2045: 0.21
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2050: 0.29
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retrofitting: # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
|
|
retro_endogen: false # co-optimise space heat savings
|
|
cost_factor: 1.0 # weight costs for building renovation
|
|
interest_rate: 0.04 # for investment in building components
|
|
annualise_cost: true # annualise the investment costs
|
|
tax_weighting: false # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
|
|
construction_index: true # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
|
|
tes: true
|
|
tes_tau: # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
|
|
decentral: 3
|
|
central: 180
|
|
boilers: true
|
|
oil_boilers: false
|
|
biomass_boiler: true
|
|
chp: true
|
|
micro_chp: false
|
|
solar_thermal: true
|
|
solar_cf_correction: 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
|
|
marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
|
|
methanation: true
|
|
helmeth: false
|
|
coal_cc: false
|
|
dac: true
|
|
co2_vent: false
|
|
allam_cycle: false
|
|
hydrogen_fuel_cell: true
|
|
hydrogen_turbine: false
|
|
SMR: true
|
|
regional_co2_sequestration_potential:
|
|
enable: false # enable regionally resolved geological co2 storage potential
|
|
attribute: 'conservative estimate Mt'
|
|
include_onshore: false # include onshore sequestration potentials
|
|
min_size: 3 # Gt, sites with lower potential will be excluded
|
|
max_size: 25 # Gt, max sequestration potential for any one site, TODO research suitable value
|
|
years_of_storage: 25 # years until potential exhausted at optimised annual rate
|
|
co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
|
|
co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2
|
|
co2_spatial: false
|
|
co2network: false
|
|
cc_fraction: 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
|
|
hydrogen_underground_storage: true
|
|
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
|
|
# - onshore # more than 50 km from sea
|
|
- nearshore # within 50 km of sea
|
|
# - offshore
|
|
ammonia: false # can be false (no NH3 carrier), true (copperplated NH3), "regional" (regionalised NH3 without network)
|
|
min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0.9 # p_min_pu
|
|
min_part_load_methanolisation: 0.5 # p_min_pu
|
|
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
|
|
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
|
|
use_electrolysis_waste_heat: false
|
|
electricity_distribution_grid: true
|
|
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
|
|
electricity_grid_connection: true # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
|
|
H2_network: true
|
|
gas_network: false
|
|
H2_retrofit: false # if set to True existing gas pipes can be retrofitted to H2 pipes
|
|
# according to hydrogen backbone strategy (April, 2020) p.15
|
|
# https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020_European-Hydrogen-Backbone_Report.pdf
|
|
# 60% of original natural gas capacity could be used in cost-optimal case as H2 capacity
|
|
H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4: 0.6 # ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines
|
|
gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1 # https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation
|
|
gas_distribution_grid: true
|
|
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
|
|
biomass_spatial: false # regionally resolve biomass (e.g. potentials)
|
|
biomass_transport: false # allow transport of solid biomass between nodes
|
|
conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
|
|
OCGT: gas
|
|
biomass_to_liquid: false
|
|
biosng: false
|
|
|
|
industry:
|
|
St_primary_fraction: # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
|
|
2020: 0.6
|
|
2025: 0.55
|
|
2030: 0.5
|
|
2035: 0.45
|
|
2040: 0.4
|
|
2045: 0.35
|
|
2050: 0.3
|
|
DRI_fraction: # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
|
|
2020: 0
|
|
2025: 0
|
|
2030: 0.05
|
|
2035: 0.2
|
|
2040: 0.4
|
|
2045: 0.7
|
|
2050: 1
|
|
H2_DRI: 1.7 #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
|
|
elec_DRI: 0.322 #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
|
|
Al_primary_fraction: # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
|
|
2020: 0.4
|
|
2025: 0.375
|
|
2030: 0.35
|
|
2035: 0.325
|
|
2040: 0.3
|
|
2045: 0.25
|
|
2050: 0.2
|
|
MWh_NH3_per_tNH3: 5.166 # LHV
|
|
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
|
|
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
|
|
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
|
|
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
|
|
MWh_NH3_per_MWh_H2_cracker: 1.46 # https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
|
|
NH3_process_emissions: 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
|
|
petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
|
|
HVC_primary_fraction: 1. # fraction of today's HVC produced via primary route
|
|
HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction: 0. # fraction of today's HVC produced via mechanical recycling
|
|
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction: 0. # fraction of today's HVC produced via chemical recycling
|
|
HVC_production_today: 52. # MtHVC/a from DECHEMA (2017), Figure 16, page 107; includes ethylene, propylene and BTX
|
|
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling: 0.547 # from SI of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010, Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756.
|
|
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling: 6.9 # Material Economics (2019), page 125; based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking
|
|
chlorine_production_today: 9.58 # MtCl/a from DECHEMA (2017), Table 7, page 43
|
|
MWh_elec_per_tCl: 3.6 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 6, page 43
|
|
MWh_H2_per_tCl: -0.9372 # DECHEMA (2017), page 43; negative since hydrogen produced in chloralkali process
|
|
methanol_production_today: 1.5 # MtMeOH/a from DECHEMA (2017), page 62
|
|
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH: 0.167 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 14, page 65
|
|
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH: 10.25 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 14, page 65
|
|
hotmaps_locate_missing: false
|
|
reference_year: 2015
|
|
# references:
|
|
# DECHEMA (2017): https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf
|
|
# Material Economics (2019): https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/industrial-transformation-2050
|
|
|
|
costs:
|
|
year: 2030
|
|
version: v0.5.0
|
|
rooftop_share: 0.14 # based on the potentials, assuming (0.1 kW/m2 and 10 m2/person)
|
|
fill_values:
|
|
FOM: 0
|
|
VOM: 0
|
|
efficiency: 1
|
|
fuel: 0
|
|
investment: 0
|
|
lifetime: 25
|
|
"CO2 intensity": 0
|
|
"discount rate": 0.07
|
|
# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
|
|
# capital_cost:
|
|
# onwind: 500
|
|
marginal_cost:
|
|
solar: 0.01
|
|
onwind: 0.015
|
|
offwind: 0.015
|
|
hydro: 0.
|
|
H2: 0.
|
|
electrolysis: 0.
|
|
fuel cell: 0.
|
|
battery: 0.
|
|
battery inverter: 0.
|
|
emission_prices: # in currency per tonne emission, only used with the option Ep
|
|
co2: 0.
|
|
|
|
clustering:
|
|
simplify_network:
|
|
to_substations: false # network is simplified to nodes with positive or negative power injection (i.e. substations or offwind connections)
|
|
algorithm: kmeans # choose from: [hac, kmeans]
|
|
feature: solar+onwind-time # only for hac. choose from: [solar+onwind-time, solar+onwind-cap, solar-time, solar-cap, solar+offwind-cap] etc.
|
|
exclude_carriers: []
|
|
remove_stubs: true
|
|
remove_stubs_across_borders: true
|
|
cluster_network:
|
|
algorithm: kmeans
|
|
feature: solar+onwind-time
|
|
exclude_carriers: []
|
|
aggregation_strategies:
|
|
generators:
|
|
p_nom_max: sum # use "min" for more conservative assumptions
|
|
p_nom_min: sum
|
|
p_min_pu: mean
|
|
marginal_cost: mean
|
|
committable: any
|
|
ramp_limit_up: max
|
|
ramp_limit_down: max
|
|
efficiency: mean
|
|
|
|
solving:
|
|
#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
|
|
options:
|
|
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
|
|
linearized_unit_commitment: true
|
|
load_shedding: false
|
|
transmission_losses: 0
|
|
noisy_costs: true
|
|
skip_iterations: true
|
|
track_iterations: false
|
|
min_iterations: 4
|
|
max_iterations: 6
|
|
seed: 123
|
|
|
|
solver:
|
|
name: gurobi
|
|
options: gurobi-default
|
|
|
|
solver_options:
|
|
highs-default:
|
|
# refer to https://ergo-code.github.io/HiGHS/options/definitions.html#solver
|
|
threads: 4
|
|
solver: "ipm"
|
|
run_crossover: "off"
|
|
small_matrix_value: 1e-6
|
|
large_matrix_value: 1e9
|
|
primal_feasibility_tolerance: 1e-5
|
|
dual_feasibility_tolerance: 1e-5
|
|
ipm_optimality_tolerance: 1e-4
|
|
parallel: "on"
|
|
random_seed: 123
|
|
gurobi-default:
|
|
threads: 4
|
|
method: 2 # barrier
|
|
crossover: 0
|
|
BarConvTol: 1.e-6
|
|
Seed: 123
|
|
AggFill: 0
|
|
PreDual: 0
|
|
GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
|
|
seed: 10 # Consistent seed for all plattforms
|
|
gurobi-numeric-focus:
|
|
name: gurobi
|
|
NumericFocus: 3 # Favour numeric stability over speed
|
|
method: 2 # barrier
|
|
crossover: 0 # do not use crossover
|
|
BarHomogeneous: 1 # Use homogeneous barrier if standard does not converge
|
|
BarConvTol: 1.e-5
|
|
FeasibilityTol: 1.e-4
|
|
OptimalityTol: 1.e-4
|
|
ObjScale: -0.5
|
|
threads: 8
|
|
Seed: 123
|
|
gurobi-fallback: # Use gurobi defaults
|
|
name: gurobi
|
|
crossover: 0
|
|
method: 2 # barrier
|
|
BarHomogeneous: 1 # Use homogeneous barrier if standard does not converge
|
|
BarConvTol: 1.e-5
|
|
FeasibilityTol: 1.e-5
|
|
OptimalityTol: 1.e-5
|
|
Seed: 123
|
|
threads: 8
|
|
cplex-default:
|
|
threads: 4
|
|
lpmethod: 4 # barrier
|
|
solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
|
|
barrier.convergetol: 1.e-5
|
|
feasopt.tolerance: 1.e-6
|
|
cbc-default: {} # Used in CI
|
|
glpk-default: {} # Used in CI
|
|
|
|
mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
|
|
|
|
|
|
plotting:
|
|
map:
|
|
boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
|
|
color_geomap:
|
|
ocean: white
|
|
land: white
|
|
eu_node_location:
|
|
x: -5.5
|
|
y: 46.
|
|
costs_max: 1000
|
|
costs_threshold: 1
|
|
energy_max: 20000
|
|
energy_min: -20000
|
|
energy_threshold: 50.
|
|
vre_techs:
|
|
- onwind
|
|
- offwind-ac
|
|
- offwind-dc
|
|
- solar
|
|
- ror
|
|
renewable_storage_techs:
|
|
- PHS
|
|
- hydro
|
|
conv_techs:
|
|
- OCGT
|
|
- CCGT
|
|
- Nuclear
|
|
- Coal
|
|
storage_techs:
|
|
- hydro+PHS
|
|
- battery
|
|
- H2
|
|
load_carriers:
|
|
- AC load
|
|
AC_carriers:
|
|
- AC line
|
|
- AC transformer
|
|
link_carriers:
|
|
- DC line
|
|
- Converter AC-DC
|
|
heat_links:
|
|
- heat pump
|
|
- resistive heater
|
|
- CHP heat
|
|
- CHP electric
|
|
- gas boiler
|
|
- central heat pump
|
|
- central resistive heater
|
|
- central CHP heat
|
|
- central CHP electric
|
|
- central gas boiler
|
|
heat_generators:
|
|
- gas boiler
|
|
- central gas boiler
|
|
- solar thermal collector
|
|
- central solar thermal collector
|
|
|
|
nice_names:
|
|
OCGT: "Open-Cycle Gas"
|
|
CCGT: "Combined-Cycle Gas"
|
|
offwind-ac: "Offshore Wind (AC)"
|
|
offwind-dc: "Offshore Wind (DC)"
|
|
onwind: "Onshore Wind"
|
|
solar: "Solar"
|
|
PHS: "Pumped Hydro Storage"
|
|
hydro: "Reservoir & Dam"
|
|
battery: "Battery Storage"
|
|
H2: "Hydrogen Storage"
|
|
lines: "Transmission Lines"
|
|
ror: "Run of River"
|
|
|
|
tech_colors:
|
|
# wind
|
|
onwind: "#235ebc"
|
|
onshore wind: "#235ebc"
|
|
offwind: "#6895dd"
|
|
offshore wind: "#6895dd"
|
|
offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
|
|
offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
|
|
offshore wind ac: "#6895dd"
|
|
offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
|
|
offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
|
|
offshore wind dc: "#74c6f2"
|
|
# water
|
|
hydro: '#298c81'
|
|
hydro reservoir: '#298c81'
|
|
ror: '#3dbfb0'
|
|
run of river: '#3dbfb0'
|
|
hydroelectricity: '#298c81'
|
|
PHS: '#51dbcc'
|
|
hydro+PHS: "#08ad97"
|
|
wave: '#a7d4cf'
|
|
# solar
|
|
solar: "#f9d002"
|
|
solar PV: "#f9d002"
|
|
solar thermal: '#ffbf2b'
|
|
residential rural solar thermal: '#f1c069'
|
|
services rural solar thermal: '#eabf61'
|
|
residential urban decentral solar thermal: '#e5bc5a'
|
|
services urban decentral solar thermal: '#dfb953'
|
|
urban central solar thermal: '#d7b24c'
|
|
solar rooftop: '#ffea80'
|
|
# gas
|
|
OCGT: '#e0986c'
|
|
OCGT marginal: '#e0986c'
|
|
OCGT-heat: '#e0986c'
|
|
gas boiler: '#db6a25'
|
|
gas boilers: '#db6a25'
|
|
gas boiler marginal: '#db6a25'
|
|
residential rural gas boiler: '#d4722e'
|
|
residential urban decentral gas boiler: '#cb7a36'
|
|
services rural gas boiler: '#c4813f'
|
|
services urban decentral gas boiler: '#ba8947'
|
|
urban central gas boiler: '#b0904f'
|
|
gas: '#e05b09'
|
|
fossil gas: '#e05b09'
|
|
natural gas: '#e05b09'
|
|
biogas to gas: '#e36311'
|
|
CCGT: '#a85522'
|
|
CCGT marginal: '#a85522'
|
|
allam: '#B98F76'
|
|
gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#692e0a'
|
|
gas for industry co2 to stored: '#8a3400'
|
|
gas for industry: '#853403'
|
|
gas for industry CC: '#692e0a'
|
|
gas pipeline: '#ebbca0'
|
|
gas pipeline new: '#a87c62'
|
|
# oil
|
|
oil: '#c9c9c9'
|
|
oil boiler: '#adadad'
|
|
residential rural oil boiler: '#a9a9a9'
|
|
services rural oil boiler: '#a5a5a5'
|
|
residential urban decentral oil boiler: '#a1a1a1'
|
|
urban central oil boiler: '#9d9d9d'
|
|
services urban decentral oil boiler: '#999999'
|
|
agriculture machinery oil: '#949494'
|
|
shipping oil: "#808080"
|
|
land transport oil: '#afafaf'
|
|
# nuclear
|
|
Nuclear: '#ff8c00'
|
|
Nuclear marginal: '#ff8c00'
|
|
nuclear: '#ff8c00'
|
|
uranium: '#ff8c00'
|
|
# coal
|
|
Coal: '#545454'
|
|
coal: '#545454'
|
|
Coal marginal: '#545454'
|
|
solid: '#545454'
|
|
Lignite: '#826837'
|
|
lignite: '#826837'
|
|
Lignite marginal: '#826837'
|
|
# biomass
|
|
biogas: '#e3d37d'
|
|
biomass: '#baa741'
|
|
solid biomass: '#baa741'
|
|
solid biomass transport: '#baa741'
|
|
solid biomass for industry: '#7a6d26'
|
|
solid biomass for industry CC: '#47411c'
|
|
solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#736412'
|
|
solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#47411c'
|
|
urban central solid biomass CHP: '#9d9042'
|
|
urban central solid biomass CHP CC: '#6c5d28'
|
|
biomass boiler: '#8A9A5B'
|
|
residential rural biomass boiler: '#a1a066'
|
|
residential urban decentral biomass boiler: '#b0b87b'
|
|
services rural biomass boiler: '#c6cf98'
|
|
services urban decentral biomass boiler: '#dde5b5'
|
|
biomass to liquid: '#32CD32'
|
|
BioSNG: '#123456'
|
|
# power transmission
|
|
lines: '#6c9459'
|
|
transmission lines: '#6c9459'
|
|
electricity distribution grid: '#97ad8c'
|
|
low voltage: '#97ad8c'
|
|
# electricity demand
|
|
Electric load: '#110d63'
|
|
electric demand: '#110d63'
|
|
electricity: '#110d63'
|
|
industry electricity: '#2d2a66'
|
|
industry new electricity: '#2d2a66'
|
|
agriculture electricity: '#494778'
|
|
# battery + EVs
|
|
battery: '#ace37f'
|
|
battery storage: '#ace37f'
|
|
battery charger: '#88a75b'
|
|
battery discharger: '#5d4e29'
|
|
home battery: '#80c944'
|
|
home battery storage: '#80c944'
|
|
home battery charger: '#5e8032'
|
|
home battery discharger: '#3c5221'
|
|
BEV charger: '#baf238'
|
|
V2G: '#e5ffa8'
|
|
land transport EV: '#baf238'
|
|
Li ion: '#baf238'
|
|
# hot water storage
|
|
water tanks: '#e69487'
|
|
residential rural water tanks: '#f7b7a3'
|
|
services rural water tanks: '#f3afa3'
|
|
residential urban decentral water tanks: '#f2b2a3'
|
|
services urban decentral water tanks: '#f1b4a4'
|
|
urban central water tanks: '#e9977d'
|
|
hot water storage: '#e69487'
|
|
hot water charging: '#e8998b'
|
|
urban central water tanks charger: '#b57a67'
|
|
residential rural water tanks charger: '#b4887c'
|
|
residential urban decentral water tanks charger: '#b39995'
|
|
services rural water tanks charger: '#b3abb0'
|
|
services urban decentral water tanks charger: '#b3becc'
|
|
hot water discharging: '#e99c8e'
|
|
urban central water tanks discharger: '#b9816e'
|
|
residential rural water tanks discharger: '#ba9685'
|
|
residential urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#baac9e'
|
|
services rural water tanks discharger: '#bbc2b8'
|
|
services urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#bdd8d3'
|
|
# heat demand
|
|
Heat load: '#cc1f1f'
|
|
heat: '#cc1f1f'
|
|
heat demand: '#cc1f1f'
|
|
rural heat: '#ff5c5c'
|
|
residential rural heat: '#ff7c7c'
|
|
services rural heat: '#ff9c9c'
|
|
central heat: '#cc1f1f'
|
|
urban central heat: '#d15959'
|
|
decentral heat: '#750606'
|
|
residential urban decentral heat: '#a33c3c'
|
|
services urban decentral heat: '#cc1f1f'
|
|
low-temperature heat for industry: '#8f2727'
|
|
process heat: '#ff0000'
|
|
agriculture heat: '#d9a5a5'
|
|
# heat supply
|
|
heat pumps: '#2fb537'
|
|
heat pump: '#2fb537'
|
|
air heat pump: '#36eb41'
|
|
residential urban decentral air heat pump: '#48f74f'
|
|
services urban decentral air heat pump: '#5af95d'
|
|
urban central air heat pump: '#6cfb6b'
|
|
ground heat pump: '#2fb537'
|
|
residential rural ground heat pump: '#48f74f'
|
|
services rural ground heat pump: '#5af95d'
|
|
Ambient: '#98eb9d'
|
|
CHP: '#8a5751'
|
|
urban central gas CHP: '#8d5e56'
|
|
CHP CC: '#634643'
|
|
urban central gas CHP CC: '#6e4e4c'
|
|
CHP heat: '#8a5751'
|
|
CHP electric: '#8a5751'
|
|
district heating: '#e8beac'
|
|
resistive heater: '#d8f9b8'
|
|
residential rural resistive heater: '#bef5b5'
|
|
residential urban decentral resistive heater: '#b2f1a9'
|
|
services rural resistive heater: '#a5ed9d'
|
|
services urban decentral resistive heater: '#98e991'
|
|
urban central resistive heater: '#8cdf85'
|
|
retrofitting: '#8487e8'
|
|
building retrofitting: '#8487e8'
|
|
# hydrogen
|
|
H2 for industry: "#f073da"
|
|
H2 for shipping: "#ebaee0"
|
|
H2: '#bf13a0'
|
|
hydrogen: '#bf13a0'
|
|
SMR: '#870c71'
|
|
SMR CC: '#4f1745'
|
|
H2 liquefaction: '#d647bd'
|
|
hydrogen storage: '#bf13a0'
|
|
H2 Store: '#bf13a0'
|
|
H2 storage: '#bf13a0'
|
|
land transport fuel cell: '#6b3161'
|
|
H2 pipeline: '#f081dc'
|
|
H2 pipeline retrofitted: '#ba99b5'
|
|
H2 Fuel Cell: '#c251ae'
|
|
H2 fuel cell: '#c251ae'
|
|
H2 turbine: '#991f83'
|
|
H2 Electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
|
|
H2 electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
|
|
# ammonia
|
|
NH3: '#46caf0'
|
|
ammonia: '#46caf0'
|
|
ammonia store: '#00ace0'
|
|
ammonia cracker: '#87d0e6'
|
|
Haber-Bosch: '#076987'
|
|
# syngas
|
|
Sabatier: '#9850ad'
|
|
methanation: '#c44ce6'
|
|
methane: '#c44ce6'
|
|
helmeth: '#e899ff'
|
|
# synfuels
|
|
Fischer-Tropsch: '#25c49a'
|
|
liquid: '#25c49a'
|
|
kerosene for aviation: '#a1ffe6'
|
|
naphtha for industry: '#57ebc4'
|
|
methanolisation: '#83d6d5'
|
|
methanol: '#468c8b'
|
|
shipping methanol: '#468c8b'
|
|
# co2
|
|
CC: '#f29dae'
|
|
CCS: '#f29dae'
|
|
CO2 sequestration: '#f29dae'
|
|
DAC: '#ff5270'
|
|
co2 stored: '#f2385a'
|
|
co2: '#f29dae'
|
|
co2 vent: '#ffd4dc'
|
|
CO2 pipeline: '#f5627f'
|
|
# emissions
|
|
process emissions CC: '#000000'
|
|
process emissions: '#222222'
|
|
process emissions to stored: '#444444'
|
|
process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
|
|
oil emissions: '#aaaaaa'
|
|
shipping oil emissions: "#555555"
|
|
shipping methanol emissions: '#666666'
|
|
land transport oil emissions: '#777777'
|
|
agriculture machinery oil emissions: '#333333'
|
|
# other
|
|
shipping: '#03a2ff'
|
|
power-to-heat: '#2fb537'
|
|
power-to-gas: '#c44ce6'
|
|
power-to-H2: '#ff29d9'
|
|
power-to-liquid: '#25c49a'
|
|
gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
|
|
waste: '#e3d37d'
|
|
other: '#000000'
|
|
geothermal: '#ba91b1'
|
|
AC: "#70af1d"
|
|
AC-AC: "#70af1d"
|
|
AC line: "#70af1d"
|
|
links: "#8a1caf"
|
|
HVDC links: "#8a1caf"
|
|
DC: "#8a1caf"
|
|
DC-DC: "#8a1caf"
|
|
DC link: "#8a1caf"
|