81 lines
3.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
81 lines
3.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
..
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
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SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
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##########################################
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Limitations
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##########################################
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While the benefit of an openly available, functional and partially validated
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model of the European energy system is high, many approximations have
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been made due to missing data.
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The limitations of the dataset are listed below,
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both as a warning to the user and as an encouragement to assist in
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improving the approximations.
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.. warning::
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This list of limitations is incomplete and will be added to over time.
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.. seealso::
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See also the `GitHub repository issues <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues>`__.
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- **Electricity transmission network topology:**
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The grid data is based on a map of the ENTSO-E area that is known
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to contain small distortions to improve readability. Since the exact impedances
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of the lines are unknown, approximations based on line lengths and standard
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line parameters were made that ignore specific conductoring choices for
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particular lines. There is no openly available data on busbar configurations, switch
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locations, transformers or reactive power compensation assets.
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- **Assignment of electricity demand to transmission nodes:**
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Using Voronoi cells to aggregate load and generator data to transmission
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network substations ignores the topology of the underlying distribution network,
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meaning that assets may be connected to the wrong substation.
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- **Incomplete information on existing assets:** Approximations have
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been made for missing data, including: existing distribution grid
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capacities and costs, existing space and water heating supply,
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existing industry facilities, existing transport vehicle fleets.
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- **Exogenous pathways for transformation of transport and industry:**
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To avoid penny-switching the transformation of transport and
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industry away from fossil fuels is determined exogenously.
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- **Industry materials production constant and inelastic:**
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For industry, the production of different materials per country is
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assumed to remain constant and no industry demand elasticity is included in the modelled.
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- **Energy demand distribution within countries:**
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Assumptions
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have been made about the distribution of demand in each country proportional to
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population and GDP that may not reflect local circumstances.
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Openly available
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data on load time series may not correspond to the true vertical load and is
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not spatially disaggregated; assuming, as we have done, that the load time series
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shape is the same at each node within each country ignores local differences.
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- **Currently installed renewable capacities:**
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Information on existing wind, solar and small hydro, geothermal, marine and
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biomass power plants are excluded from the dataset because of a lack of data
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availability in many countries. Approximate distributions of wind and solar
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plants in each country can be generated that are proportional to the capacity
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factor at each location.
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- **Hydro-electric power plants:**
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The database of hydro-electric power plants does not include plant-specific
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energy storage information, so that blanket values based on country storage
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totals have been used. Inflow time series are based on country-wide approximations,
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ignoring local topography and basin drainage; in principle a full
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hydrological model should be used.
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- **International interactions:**
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Border connections and power flows to Russia,
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Belarus, Ukraine, Turkey and Morocco have not been taken into account;
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islands which are not connected to the main European system, such as Malta,
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Crete and Cyprus, are also excluded from the model.
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- **Demand sufficiency:** Further measures of demand reduction may be
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possible beyond the assumptions made here.
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