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273 lines
9.6 KiB
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..
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
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SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
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##################################################################################
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PyPSA-Eur: A Sector-Coupled Open Optimisation Model of the European Energy System
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##################################################################################
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/pypsa/pypsa-eur?include_prereleases
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:alt: GitHub release (latest by date including pre-releases)
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.. image:: https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur/actions/workflows/test.yaml/badge.svg
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:target: https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/actions
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.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pypsa-eur/badge/?version=latest
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:target: https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
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:alt: Documentation
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/pypsa/pypsa-eur
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:alt: GitHub repo size
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.. image:: https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3520874.svg
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:target: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3520874
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/snakemake-≥7.19-brightgreen.svg?style=flat
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:target: https://snakemake.readthedocs.io
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:alt: Snakemake
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.. image:: https://api.reuse.software/badge/github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur
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:target: https://api.reuse.software/info/github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur
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:alt: REUSE
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/stackexchange/stackoverflow/t/pypsa
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:target: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/pypsa
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:alt: Stackoverflow
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PyPSA-Eur is an open model dataset of the European energy system at the
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transmission network level that covers the full ENTSO-E area. It covers demand
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and supply for all energy sectors. From version v0.8.0, PyPSA-Eur includes all
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the features from PyPSA-Eur-Sec, which is now deprecated.
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Electricity System
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==================
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The electricity system representation contains alternating current lines at
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and above 220 kV voltage level and all high voltage direct current lines,
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substations, an open database of conventional power plants, time series for
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electrical demand and variable renewable generator availability, geographic
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potentials for the expansion of wind and solar power.
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The model is suitable both for operational studies and generation and
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transmission expansion planning studies. The continental scope and highly
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resolved spatial scale enables a proper description of the long-range smoothing
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effects for renewable power generation and their varying resource availability.
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.. image:: img/elec.png
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:width: 70%
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:align: center
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Sector-Coupled Energy System
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============================
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A sector-coupled extension (previously known as **PyPSA-Eur-Sec**, which is now
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deprecated) adds demand and supply for the following sectors: transport, space
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and water heating, biomass, energy consumption in the agriculture, industry and
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industrial feedstocks, carbon management, carbon capture and
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usage/sequestration. This completes the energy system and includes all
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greenhouse gas emitters except waste management, agriculture, forestry and land
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use. The diagram below gives an overview of the sectors and the links between
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them:
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.. image:: img/multisector_figure.png
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:width: 70%
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:align: center
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.. note::
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You can find showcases of the model's capabilities in the Supplementary Materials of the
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Joule paper `The potential role of a hydrogen network in Europe
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<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016>`__, the Supplementary Materials of another `paper in Joule with a
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description of the industry sector
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<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016>`__, or in `a 2021 presentation
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at EMP-E <https://nworbmot.org/energy/brown-empe.pdf>`__.
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The sector-coupled extension of PyPSA-Eur was
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initially described in the paper `Synergies of sector coupling and transmission
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reinforcement in a cost-optimised, highly renewable European energy system
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<https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.05290>`__ (2018) but it differs by being based on the
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higher resolution electricity transmission model `PyPSA-Eur
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<https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur>`__ rather than a one-node-per-country model,
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and by including biomass, industry, industrial feedstocks, aviation, shipping,
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better carbon management, carbon capture and usage/sequestration, and gas
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networks.
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About
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=====
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PyPSA-Eur is designed to be imported into the open energy system modelling
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framework `PyPSA <https://www.pypsa.org>`__ for which `documentation
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<https://pypsa.readthedocs.io>`__ is available as well. However, since the
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workflow is modular, it should be easy to adapt the data workflow to other
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modelling frameworks.
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The restriction to freely available and open data encourages the open exchange
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of model data developments and eases the comparison of model results. It
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provides a full, automated software pipeline to assemble the load-flow-ready
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model from the original datasets, which enables easy replacement and improvement
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of the individual parts.
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.. warning::
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PyPSA-Eur is under active development and has several
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:doc:`limitations` which
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you should understand before using the model. The Github repository
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`issues <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues>`__ collect known
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topics we are working on. Please feel free to help or make suggestions.
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This project is currently maintained by the `Department of Digital
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Transformation in Energy Systems <https://www.tu.berlin/en/ensys>`__ at the
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`Technische Universität Berlin <https://www.tu.berlin>`__. Previous versions were
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developed within the `IAI <http://www.iai.kit.edu>`__ at the `Karlsruhe Institute
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of Technology (KIT) <http://www.kit.edu/english/index.php>`__ which was funded by
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the `Helmholtz Association <https://www.helmholtz.de/en/>`__, and by the
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`Renewable Energy Group
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<https://fias.uni-frankfurt.de/physics/schramm/renewable-energy-system-and-network-analysis/>`__
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at `FIAS <https://fias.uni-frankfurt.de/>`__ to carry out simulations for the
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`CoNDyNet project <http://condynet.de/>`__, financed by the `German Federal
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Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) <https://www.bmbf.de/en/index.html>`__
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as part of the `Stromnetze Research Initiative
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<http://forschung-stromnetze.info/projekte/grundlagen-und-konzepte-fuer-effiziente-dezentrale-stromnetze/>`__.
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Workflow
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========
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.. image:: img/workflow.png
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:class: full-width
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:align: center
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.. note::
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The graph above was generated using
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``snakemake --rulegraph -F | sed -n "/digraph/,/}/p" | dot -Tpng -o workflow.png``
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Learning Energy System Modelling
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================================
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If you are (relatively) new to energy system modelling and optimisation and plan
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to use PyPSA-Eur, the following resources are one way to get started in addition
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to reading this documentation.
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- Documentation of `PyPSA <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io>`__, the package for
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modelling energy systems which PyPSA-Eur uses under the hood.
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- Course on `Energy Systems <https://nworbmot.org/courses/es-22/>`__ given at
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Technical University of Berlin by `Prof. Dr. Tom Brown <https://nworbmot.org>`__.
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- Course on `Data Science for Energy System Modelling <https://fneum.github.io/data-science-for-esm/intro.html>`__
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given at Technical University of Berlin by `Dr. Fabian Neumann <https://neumann.fyi>`__.
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Citing PyPSA-Eur
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================
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If you use PyPSA-Eur for your research, we would appreciate it if you would cite one of the following papers:
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For electricity-only studies: ::
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@article{PyPSAEur,
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author = "Jonas Hoersch and Fabian Hofmann and David Schlachtberger and Tom Brown",
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title = "PyPSA-Eur: An open optimisation model of the European transmission system",
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journal = "Energy Strategy Reviews",
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volume = "22",
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pages = "207--215",
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year = "2018",
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doi = "10.1016/j.esr.2018.08.012",
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eprint = "1806.01613"
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}
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For sector-coupling studies: ::
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@misc{PyPSAEurSec,
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author = "Fabian Neumann and Elisabeth Zeyen and Marta Victoria and Tom Brown",
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title = "The potential role of a hydrogen network in Europe",
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journal "Joule",
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volume = "7",
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pages = "1--25"
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year = "2023",
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eprint = "2207.05816",
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doi = "10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016",
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}
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For sector-coupling studies with pathway optimisation: ::
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@article{SpeedTechnological2022,
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title = "Speed of technological transformations required in {Europe} to achieve different climate goals",
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author = "Marta Victoria and Elisabeth Zeyen and Tom Brown",
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journal = "Joule",
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volume = "6",
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number = "5",
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pages = "1066--1086",
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year = "2022",
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doi = "10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016",
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eprint = "2109.09563",
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}
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If you want to cite a specific PyPSA-Eur version, each release of PyPSA-Eur is stored on Zenodo with a release-specific DOI:
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.. image:: https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3520874.svg
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:target: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3520874
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Operating Systems
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=================
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The PyPSA-Eur workflow is continuously tested for Linux, macOS and Windows (WSL only).
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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:maxdepth: 1
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:caption: Getting Started
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introduction
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installation
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tutorial
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tutorial_sector
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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:maxdepth: 1
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:caption: Configuration
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wildcards
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configuration
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foresight
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costs
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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:maxdepth: 1
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:caption: Rules Overview
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retrieve
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preparation
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simplification
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sector
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solving
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plotting
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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:maxdepth: 1
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:caption: Implementation details for sector-coupled systems
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spatial_resolution
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supply_demand
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.. toctree::
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:hidden:
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:maxdepth: 1
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:caption: References
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release_notes
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licenses
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data_sources
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validation
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limitations
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contributing
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support
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publications
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