Merge branch 'master' into industry-pathway

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ pypsa_eur:
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#energy
 energy:
-  energy_totals_year: 2011
+  energy_totals_year: 2013
   base_emissions_year: 1990
   eurostat_report_year: 2016
   emissions: CO2
@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ sector:
   SMR_cc: true
   regional_methanol_demand: false
   regional_oil_demand: false
+  regional_coal_demand: false
   regional_co2_sequestration_potential:
     enable: false
     attribute: 'conservative estimate Mt'

data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+country,item,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015
+CH,total residential,268.2,223.4,243.4,261.3,214.2,229.1
+CH,total residential space,192.2,149.0,168.1,185.5,139.7,154.4
+CH,total residential water,32.2,31.6,31.9,32.2,31.7,31.9
+CH,total residential cooking,9.3,9.3,9.3,9.4,9.5,9.6
+CH,electricity residential,67.9,63.7,65.7,67.6,63.0,64.4
+CH,electricity residential space,15.9,12.8,14.3,15.8,12.3,13.5
+CH,electricity residential water,8.8,8.5,8.5,8.6,8.5,8.6
+CH,electricity residential cooking,4.9,4.9,4.9,4.9,5.0,5.0
+CH,total services,145.9,127.4,136.7,144.0,124.5,132.5
+CH,total services space,80.0,62.2,70.8,77.4,58.3,64.3
+CH,total services water,10.1,10.0,10.1,10.1,10.0,10.0
+CH,total services cooking,2.5,2.4,2.3,2.3,2.4,2.3
+CH,electricity services,60.5,59.2,60.3,61.4,60.3,62.6
+CH,electricity services space,4.0,3.2,3.8,4.2,3.3,3.6
+CH,electricity services water,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7
+CH,electricity services cooking,2.5,2.4,2.3,2.3,2.4,2.3
+CH,total rail,11.5,11.1,11.2,11.4,11.1,11.4
+CH,total road,199.4,200.4,200.4,201.2,202.0,203.1
+CH,electricity road,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
+CH,electricity rail,11.5,11.1,11.2,11.4,11.1,11.4
+CH,total domestic aviation,3.3,3.2,3.4,3.4,3.5,3.5
+CH,total international aviation,58.0,62.0,63.5,64.2,64.5,66.8
+CH,total domestic navigation,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6
+CH,total international navigation,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Bugfix: Correct units of subtracted chlorine and methanol demand in
+  :mod:`build_industry_sector_ratios`.
+
+* Include all countries in ammonia production resource. This is so that the full
+  EU28 ammonia demand can be correctly subtracted in the rule
+  :mod:`build_industry_sector_ratios`.
+
+* Regions are assigned to all buses with unique coordinates in the network with
+  a preference given to substations. Previously, only substations had assigned
+  regions, but this could lead to issues when a high spatial resolution was
+  applied.
+
 * The default configuration ``config/config.default.yaml`` is now automatically
   used as a base configuration file and no longer copied to
   ``config/config.yaml`` on first use. The file ``config/config.yaml`` should be
@@ -17,6 +29,10 @@ Upcoming Release
 
 * Merged two OPSD time series data versions into such that the option ``load:
   power_statistics:`` becomes superfluous and was hence removed.
+* Bugfix: The industry coal emissions for industry were not properly tracked.
+
+* Allow industrial coal demand to be regional so its emissions can be included
+  in regional emission limits.
 
 * Add new default to overdimension heating in individual buildings. This allows
   them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data. The
@@ -113,6 +129,8 @@ Upcoming Release
   workflows with foresight "myopic" and still needs to be added foresight option
   "perfect".
 
+* Switched the energy totals year from 2011 to 2013 to comply with the assumed default weather year.
+
 
 PyPSA-Eur 0.9.0 (5th January 2024)
 ==================================

rules/build_sector.smk

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ rule build_energy_totals:
     input:
         nuts3_shapes=RESOURCES + "nuts3_shapes.geojson",
         co2="data/bundle-sector/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv",
-        swiss="data/bundle-sector/switzerland-sfoe/switzerland-new_format.csv",
+        swiss="data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv",
         idees="data/bundle-sector/jrc-idees-2015",
         district_heat_share="data/district_heat_share.csv",
         eurostat=input_eurostat,
@@ -392,8 +392,6 @@ rule build_salt_cavern_potentials:
 
 
 rule build_ammonia_production:
-    params:
-        countries=config["countries"],
     input:
         usgs="data/bundle-sector/myb1-2017-nitro.xls",
     output:

scripts/base_network.py

@@ -559,6 +559,7 @@ def _set_countries_and_substations(n, config, country_shapes, offshore_shapes):
     for b, df in product(("bus0", "bus1"), (n.lines, n.links)):
         has_connections_b |= ~df.groupby(b).under_construction.min()
 
+    buses["onshore_bus"] = onshore_b
     buses["substation_lv"] = (
         lv_b & onshore_b & (~buses["under_construction"]) & has_connections_b
     )

scripts/build_ammonia_production.py

@@ -25,13 +25,14 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         header=0,
         index_col=0,
         skipfooter=19,
+        na_values=["--"],
     )
 
     ammonia.index = cc.convert(ammonia.index, to="iso2")
 
     years = [str(i) for i in range(2013, 2018)]
-    countries = ammonia.index.intersection(snakemake.params.countries)
+
-    ammonia = ammonia.loc[countries, years].astype(float)
+    ammonia = ammonia[years]
 
     # convert from ktonN to ktonNH3
     ammonia *= 17 / 14

scripts/build_bus_regions.py

@@ -135,7 +135,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         c_b = n.buses.country == country
 
         onshore_shape = country_shapes[country]
-        onshore_locs = n.buses.loc[c_b & n.buses.substation_lv, ["x", "y"]]
+        onshore_locs = (
+            n.buses.loc[c_b & n.buses.onshore_bus]
+            .sort_values(
+                by="substation_lv", ascending=False
+            )  # preference for substations
+            .drop_duplicates(subset=["x", "y"], keep="first")[["x", "y"]]
+        )
         onshore_regions.append(
             gpd.GeoDataFrame(
                 {

scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py

@@ -408,15 +408,15 @@ def chemicals_industry():
     df.loc["methane", sector] -= ammonia_total * params["MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR"]
     df.loc["elec", sector] -= ammonia_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR"]
 
-    # subtract chlorine demand
+    # subtract chlorine demand (in MtCl/a)
     chlorine_total = params["chlorine_production_today"]
-    df.loc["hydrogen", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_H2_per_tCl"]
+    df.loc["hydrogen", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_H2_per_tCl"] * 1e3
-    df.loc["elec", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tCl"]
+    df.loc["elec", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tCl"] * 1e3
 
-    # subtract methanol demand
+    # subtract methanol demand (in MtMeOH/a)
     methanol_total = params["methanol_production_today"]
-    df.loc["methane", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH"]
+    df.loc["methane", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH"] * 1e3
-    df.loc["elec", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tMeOH"]
+    df.loc["elec", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tMeOH"] * 1e3
 
     # MWh/t material
     df.loc[sources, sector] = df.loc[sources, sector] / s_out

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -172,6 +172,13 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
     spatial.coal.nodes = ["EU coal"]
     spatial.coal.locations = ["EU"]
 
+    if options["regional_coal_demand"]:
+        spatial.coal.demand_locations = nodes
+        spatial.coal.industry = nodes + " coal for industry"
+    else:
+        spatial.coal.demand_locations = ["EU"]
+        spatial.coal.industry = ["EU coal for industry"]
+
     # lignite
     spatial.lignite = SimpleNamespace()
     spatial.lignite.nodes = ["EU lignite"]
@@ -3048,19 +3055,40 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
 
         mwh_coal_per_mwh_coke = 1.366  # from eurostat energy balance
         p_set = (
-            industrial_demand["coal"].sum()
+            industrial_demand["coal"]
-            + mwh_coal_per_mwh_coke * industrial_demand["coke"].sum()
+            + mwh_coal_per_mwh_coke * industrial_demand["coke"]
         ) / nhours
 
+        if not options["regional_coal_demand"]:
+            p_set = p_set.sum()
+
+        n.madd(
+            "Bus",
+            spatial.coal.industry,
+            location=spatial.coal.demand_locations,
+            carrier="coal for industry",
+            unit="MWh_LHV",
+        )
+
         n.madd(
             "Load",
-            spatial.coal.nodes,
+            spatial.coal.industry,
-            suffix=" for industry",
+            bus=spatial.coal.industry,
-            bus=spatial.coal.nodes,
             carrier="coal for industry",
             p_set=p_set,
         )
 
+        n.madd(
+            "Link",
+            spatial.coal.industry,
+            bus0=spatial.coal.nodes,
+            bus1=spatial.coal.industry,
+            bus2="co2 atmosphere",
+            carrier="coal for industry",
+            p_nom_extendable=True,
+            efficiency2=costs.at["coal", "CO2 intensity"],
+        )
+
 
 def add_waste_heat(n):
     # TODO options?

scripts/simplify_network.py

@@ -611,6 +611,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "symbol",
         "tags",
         "under_construction",
+        "onshore_bus",
         "substation_lv",
         "substation_off",
         "geometry",