From 4b6199de42d8547c35b4b35dec482ab23ffb55b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 15:43:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/14] create a bus for every unique coordinate, not only
 substations (closes #699)

---
 rules/postprocess.smk        | 6 +++---
 scripts/base_network.py      | 1 +
 scripts/build_bus_regions.py | 8 +++++++-
 scripts/simplify_network.py  | 1 +
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rules/postprocess.smk b/rules/postprocess.smk
index 18d65c16..98b90fd1 100644
--- a/rules/postprocess.smk
+++ b/rules/postprocess.smk
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
             (
                 LOGS
                 + "plot_power_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.log"
-            )
+            ),
         benchmark:
             (
                 BENCHMARKS
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
             (
                 LOGS
                 + "plot_hydrogen_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.log"
-            )
+            ),
         benchmark:
             (
                 BENCHMARKS
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
             (
                 LOGS
                 + "plot_gas_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.log"
-            )
+            ),
         benchmark:
             (
                 BENCHMARKS
diff --git a/scripts/base_network.py b/scripts/base_network.py
index 1de3ef96..684ca613 100644
--- a/scripts/base_network.py
+++ b/scripts/base_network.py
@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@ def _set_countries_and_substations(n, config, country_shapes, offshore_shapes):
     for b, df in product(("bus0", "bus1"), (n.lines, n.links)):
         has_connections_b |= ~df.groupby(b).under_construction.min()
 
+    buses["onshore_bus"] = onshore_b
     buses["substation_lv"] = (
         lv_b & onshore_b & (~buses["under_construction"]) & has_connections_b
     )
diff --git a/scripts/build_bus_regions.py b/scripts/build_bus_regions.py
index a6500bb0..f9bf287e 100644
--- a/scripts/build_bus_regions.py
+++ b/scripts/build_bus_regions.py
@@ -135,7 +135,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         c_b = n.buses.country == country
 
         onshore_shape = country_shapes[country]
-        onshore_locs = n.buses.loc[c_b & n.buses.substation_lv, ["x", "y"]]
+        onshore_locs = (
+            n.buses.loc[c_b & n.buses.onshore_bus]
+            .sort_values(
+                by="substation_lv", ascending=False
+            )  # preference for substations
+            .drop_duplicates(subset=["x", "y"], keep="first")[["x", "y"]]
+        )
         onshore_regions.append(
             gpd.GeoDataFrame(
                 {
diff --git a/scripts/simplify_network.py b/scripts/simplify_network.py
index 31bc8f4e..cc4ff4f6 100644
--- a/scripts/simplify_network.py
+++ b/scripts/simplify_network.py
@@ -611,6 +611,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         "symbol",
         "tags",
         "under_construction",
+        "onshore_bus",
         "substation_lv",
         "substation_off",
         "geometry",

From 8781e690661b064432689511f215eaa48affa7bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Brown <tom@nworbmot.org>
Date: Fri, 9 Feb 2024 18:36:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/14] bugfix: coal emissions for industry weren't tracked

Also allow industrial coal demand to be regional (so we can include
them in regional CO2 constraints).
---
 config/config.default.yaml        |  1 +
 scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config/config.default.yaml b/config/config.default.yaml
index 1033d49d..44b54148 100644
--- a/config/config.default.yaml
+++ b/config/config.default.yaml
@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ sector:
   SMR_cc: true
   regional_methanol_demand: false
   regional_oil_demand: false
+  regional_coal_demand: false
   regional_co2_sequestration_potential:
     enable: false
     attribute: 'conservative estimate Mt'
diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
index be8aea53..18d1feb0 100755
--- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
+++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
@@ -172,6 +172,13 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
     spatial.coal.nodes = ["EU coal"]
     spatial.coal.locations = ["EU"]
 
+    if options["regional_coal_demand"]:
+        spatial.coal.demand_locations = nodes
+        spatial.coal.industry = nodes + " coal for industry"
+    else:
+        spatial.coal.demand_locations = ["EU"]
+        spatial.coal.industry = ["EU coal for industry"]
+
     # lignite
     spatial.lignite = SimpleNamespace()
     spatial.lignite.nodes = ["EU lignite"]
@@ -3048,19 +3055,41 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
 
         mwh_coal_per_mwh_coke = 1.366  # from eurostat energy balance
         p_set = (
-            industrial_demand["coal"].sum()
-            + mwh_coal_per_mwh_coke * industrial_demand["coke"].sum()
+            industrial_demand["coal"]
+            + mwh_coal_per_mwh_coke * industrial_demand["coke"]
         ) / nhours
 
+        if not options["regional_coal_demand"]:
+            p_set = p_set.sum()
+
+        n.madd(
+            "Bus",
+            spatial.coal.industry,
+            location=spatial.coal.demand_locations,
+            carrier="coal for industry",
+            unit="MWh_LHV",
+        )
+
         n.madd(
             "Load",
-            spatial.coal.nodes,
-            suffix=" for industry",
-            bus=spatial.coal.nodes,
+            spatial.coal.industry,
+            bus=spatial.coal.industry,
             carrier="coal for industry",
             p_set=p_set,
         )
 
+        n.madd(
+            "Link",
+            spatial.coal.industry,
+            bus0=spatial.coal.nodes,
+            bus1=spatial.coal.industry,
+            bus2="co2 atmosphere",
+            carrier="coal for industry",
+            p_nom_extendable=True,
+            efficiency2=costs.at["coal", "CO2 intensity"],
+        )
+
+
 
 def add_waste_heat(n):
     # TODO options?

From 17105b81256a5364739a4a2f4c3e865a3ba3fc95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 10 Feb 2024 18:17:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/14] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 scripts/prepare_sector_network.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
index 18d1feb0..5d5e271b 100755
--- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
+++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
@@ -3090,7 +3090,6 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
         )
 
 
-
 def add_waste_heat(n):
     # TODO options?
 

From ecedea02d630d49ff14ad54c97c11b919211ea77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Brown <tom@nworbmot.org>
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2024 18:17:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/14] bugfix: include all countries in ammonia production
 resource

This is so that the full EU28 ammonia demand can be correctly
subtracted in the build_industry_sector_ratios.py script.

No other downstream scripts are affected by this change.
---
 scripts/build_ammonia_production.py | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py b/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
index 1bcdf9ae..bfcfaf02 100644
--- a/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
+++ b/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Build historical annual ammonia production per country in ktonNH3/a.
 
 import country_converter as coco
 import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
 
 cc = coco.CountryConverter()
 
@@ -30,8 +31,12 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     ammonia.index = cc.convert(ammonia.index, to="iso2")
 
     years = [str(i) for i in range(2013, 2018)]
-    countries = ammonia.index.intersection(snakemake.params.countries)
-    ammonia = ammonia.loc[countries, years].astype(float)
+
+    ammonia = ammonia[years]
+    ammonia.replace("--",
+                    np.nan,
+                    inplace=True)
+    ammonia = ammonia.astype(float)
 
     # convert from ktonN to ktonNH3
     ammonia *= 17 / 14

From c54626cc1a847ffded57e50cba2330f1f994a4ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Brown <tom@nworbmot.org>
Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2024 18:19:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/14] bugfix: correct units of subtracted chlorine and
 methanol

in build_industry_sector_ratios.py. In the config the units are Mt/a,
they are multiplied by MWh/t, but what is desired is GWh/a.
---
 scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py b/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py
index 45705002..805cf3e7 100644
--- a/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py
+++ b/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py
@@ -408,15 +408,15 @@ def chemicals_industry():
     df.loc["methane", sector] -= ammonia_total * params["MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR"]
     df.loc["elec", sector] -= ammonia_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR"]
 
-    # subtract chlorine demand
+    # subtract chlorine demand (in MtCl/a)
     chlorine_total = params["chlorine_production_today"]
-    df.loc["hydrogen", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_H2_per_tCl"]
-    df.loc["elec", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tCl"]
+    df.loc["hydrogen", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_H2_per_tCl"] * 1e3
+    df.loc["elec", sector] -= chlorine_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tCl"] * 1e3
 
-    # subtract methanol demand
+    # subtract methanol demand (in MtMeOH/a)
     methanol_total = params["methanol_production_today"]
-    df.loc["methane", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH"]
-    df.loc["elec", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tMeOH"]
+    df.loc["methane", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH"] * 1e3
+    df.loc["elec", sector] -= methanol_total * params["MWh_elec_per_tMeOH"] * 1e3
 
     # MWh/t material
     df.loc[sources, sector] = df.loc[sources, sector] / s_out

From 4fa504b0dbd60aa0b410d2bffba4c68e525159ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 17:32:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/14] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 scripts/build_ammonia_production.py | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py b/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
index bfcfaf02..77b33075 100644
--- a/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
+++ b/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ Build historical annual ammonia production per country in ktonNH3/a.
 """
 
 import country_converter as coco
-import pandas as pd
 import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
 
 cc = coco.CountryConverter()
 
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     years = [str(i) for i in range(2013, 2018)]
 
     ammonia = ammonia[years]
-    ammonia.replace("--",
-                    np.nan,
-                    inplace=True)
+    ammonia.replace("--", np.nan, inplace=True)
     ammonia = ammonia.astype(float)
 
     # convert from ktonN to ktonNH3

From 16955d24abec236e757c5f19cf0af003939defbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: martacki <martha.frysztacki@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 16:27:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/14] data: upload swiss energy totals data for all years

---
 data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv

diff --git a/data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv b/data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..93123009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+country,item,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015
+CH,total residential,268.2,223.4,243.4,261.3,214.2,229.1
+CH,total residential space,192.2,149.0,168.1,185.5,139.7,154.4
+CH,total residential water,32.2,31.6,31.9,32.2,31.7,31.9
+CH,total residential cooking,9.3,9.3,9.3,9.4,9.5,9.6
+CH,electricity residential,67.9,63.7,65.7,67.6,63.0,64.4
+CH,electricity residential space,15.9,12.8,14.3,15.8,12.3,13.5
+CH,electricity residential water,8.8,8.5,8.5,8.6,8.5,8.6
+CH,electricity residential cooking,4.9,4.9,4.9,4.9,5.0,5.0
+CH,total services,145.9,127.4,136.7,144.0,124.5,132.5
+CH,total services space,80.0,62.2,70.8,77.4,58.3,64.3
+CH,total services water,10.1,10.0,10.1,10.1,10.0,10.0
+CH,total services cooking,2.5,2.4,2.3,2.3,2.4,2.3
+CH,electricity services,60.5,59.2,60.3,61.4,60.3,62.6
+CH,electricity services space,4.0,3.2,3.8,4.2,3.3,3.6
+CH,electricity services water,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7,0.7
+CH,electricity services cooking,2.5,2.4,2.3,2.3,2.4,2.3
+CH,total rail,11.5,11.1,11.2,11.4,11.1,11.4
+CH,total road,199.4,200.4,200.4,201.2,202.0,203.1
+CH,electricity road,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
+CH,electricity rail,11.5,11.1,11.2,11.4,11.1,11.4
+CH,total domestic aviation,3.3,3.2,3.4,3.4,3.5,3.5
+CH,total international aviation,58.0,62.0,63.5,64.2,64.5,66.8
+CH,total domestic navigation,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6,1.6
+CH,total international navigation,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.,0.

From a22b19dcc49639ce927d72ac1bb640c29059fcdf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: martacki <martha.frysztacki@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 16:28:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/14] use new swiss data for building energy totals

---
 rules/build_sector.smk | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/rules/build_sector.smk b/rules/build_sector.smk
index c25c8673..d99c39ae 100644
--- a/rules/build_sector.smk
+++ b/rules/build_sector.smk
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ rule build_energy_totals:
     input:
         nuts3_shapes=RESOURCES + "nuts3_shapes.geojson",
         co2="data/bundle-sector/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv",
-        swiss="data/bundle-sector/switzerland-sfoe/switzerland-new_format.csv",
+        swiss="data/switzerland-new_format-all_years.csv",
         idees="data/bundle-sector/jrc-idees-2015",
         district_heat_share="data/district_heat_share.csv",
         eurostat=input_eurostat,

From 6196fd689283e25c0be0660bfc313a2fb4f07430 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: martacki <martha.frysztacki@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2024 16:29:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/14] change default energy totals year to 2013 to comply
 with default weather year

---
 config/config.default.yaml | 2 +-
 doc/release_notes.rst      | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/config/config.default.yaml b/config/config.default.yaml
index 1033d49d..ba99e3ba 100644
--- a/config/config.default.yaml
+++ b/config/config.default.yaml
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ pypsa_eur:
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#energy
 energy:
-  energy_totals_year: 2011
+  energy_totals_year: 2013
   base_emissions_year: 1990
   eurostat_report_year: 2016
   emissions: CO2
diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
index cab8229a..fde06f97 100644
--- a/doc/release_notes.rst
+++ b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ Upcoming Release
   workflows with foresight "myopic" and still needs to be added foresight option
   "perfect".
 
+* Swiched the energy totals year from 2011 to 2013 to comply with the assumed default weather year.
+
 
 PyPSA-Eur 0.9.0 (5th January 2024)
 ==================================

From ccbf835976e2cf776f421a5f868158dbe9d42848 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: martacki <martha.frysztacki@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2024 09:49:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/14] fix typo to make pre-commit.ci happy

---
 doc/release_notes.rst | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
index fde06f97..e017b07d 100644
--- a/doc/release_notes.rst
+++ b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Upcoming Release
   workflows with foresight "myopic" and still needs to be added foresight option
   "perfect".
 
-* Swiched the energy totals year from 2011 to 2013 to comply with the assumed default weather year.
+* Switched the energy totals year from 2011 to 2013 to comply with the assumed default weather year.
 
 
 PyPSA-Eur 0.9.0 (5th January 2024)

From c22e47cd58e46b98fb591e5d951652518257e61a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2024 12:07:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/14] add release note

---
 doc/release_notes.rst | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
index cab8229a..08ec9dd5 100644
--- a/doc/release_notes.rst
+++ b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Regions are assigned to all buses with unique coordinates in the network with
+  a preference given to substations. Previously, only substations had assigned
+  regions, but this could lead to issues when a high spatial resolution was
+  applied.
+
 * The default configuration ``config/config.default.yaml`` is now automatically
   used as a base configuration file and no longer copied to
   ``config/config.yaml`` on first use. The file ``config/config.yaml`` should be

From 67484f9cf0428bf8d8c8e463730db9c0001e064d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2024 12:13:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/14] remove numpy import, add release ntoe

---
 doc/release_notes.rst               | 4 ++++
 rules/build_sector.smk              | 2 --
 scripts/build_ammonia_production.py | 4 +---
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
index cab8229a..fc58c899 100644
--- a/doc/release_notes.rst
+++ b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Include all countries in ammonia production resource. This is so that the full
+  EU28 ammonia demand can be correctly subtracted in the rule
+  :mod:`build_industry_sector_ratios`.
+
 * The default configuration ``config/config.default.yaml`` is now automatically
   used as a base configuration file and no longer copied to
   ``config/config.yaml`` on first use. The file ``config/config.yaml`` should be
diff --git a/rules/build_sector.smk b/rules/build_sector.smk
index c25c8673..35a59008 100644
--- a/rules/build_sector.smk
+++ b/rules/build_sector.smk
@@ -392,8 +392,6 @@ rule build_salt_cavern_potentials:
 
 
 rule build_ammonia_production:
-    params:
-        countries=config["countries"],
     input:
         usgs="data/bundle-sector/myb1-2017-nitro.xls",
     output:
diff --git a/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py b/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
index 77b33075..e2cf6a7b 100644
--- a/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
+++ b/scripts/build_ammonia_production.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ Build historical annual ammonia production per country in ktonNH3/a.
 """
 
 import country_converter as coco
-import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
 cc = coco.CountryConverter()
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         header=0,
         index_col=0,
         skipfooter=19,
+        na_values=["--"],
     )
 
     ammonia.index = cc.convert(ammonia.index, to="iso2")
@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     years = [str(i) for i in range(2013, 2018)]
 
     ammonia = ammonia[years]
-    ammonia.replace("--", np.nan, inplace=True)
-    ammonia = ammonia.astype(float)
 
     # convert from ktonN to ktonNH3
     ammonia *= 17 / 14

From 7e66c1428d5a538efd0917ed2ff8002e1e9fcfec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2024 12:40:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/14] add release note

---
 doc/release_notes.rst | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
index cab8229a..ffe1a794 100644
--- a/doc/release_notes.rst
+++ b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Bugfix: Correct units of subtracted chlorine and methanol demand in
+  :mod:`build_industry_sector_ratios`.
+
 * The default configuration ``config/config.default.yaml`` is now automatically
   used as a base configuration file and no longer copied to
   ``config/config.yaml`` on first use. The file ``config/config.yaml`` should be

From 6d80b332e606c7569e180f8519204a3be30724a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2024 12:47:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/14] add release note

---
 doc/release_notes.rst | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/doc/release_notes.rst b/doc/release_notes.rst
index ee7bd64b..ccb886e6 100644
--- a/doc/release_notes.rst
+++ b/doc/release_notes.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Bugfix: The industry coal emissions for industry were not properly tracked.
+
+* Allow industrial coal demand to be regional so its emissions can be included
+  in regional emission limits.
+
 * Add new default to overdimension heating in individual buildings. This allows
   them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data. The
   disadvantage of manipulating the costs is that the capacity is then not quite