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Merge pull request #81 from PyPSA/ccs

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Improve representation of CCS
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Tom Brown 2020-12-11 14:58:57 +01:00 committed by GitHub
commit 104a9d6d66
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3 changed files with 75 additions and 63 deletions
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6
config.default.yaml
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@ -139,7 +139,9 @@ sector:
'dac' : True 'dac' : True
'co2_vent' : True 'co2_vent' : True
'SMR' : True 'SMR' : True
'ccs_fraction' : 0.9 'co2_sequestration_potential' : 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
'co2_sequestration_cost' : 20 #EUR/tCO2 for transport and sequestration of CO2
'cc_fraction' : 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
'hydrogen_underground_storage' : True 'hydrogen_underground_storage' : True
'use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat' : True 'use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat' : True
'use_fuel_cell_waste_heat' : True 'use_fuel_cell_waste_heat' : True
@ -314,7 +316,7 @@ plotting:
"DAC" : "#E74C3C" "DAC" : "#E74C3C"
"co2 stored" : "#123456" "co2 stored" : "#123456"
"CO2 sequestration" : "#123456" "CO2 sequestration" : "#123456"
"CCS" : "k" "CC" : "k"
"co2" : "#123456" "co2" : "#123456"
"co2 vent" : "#654321" "co2 vent" : "#654321"
"solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere" : "#654321" "solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere" : "#654321"

2
scripts/plot_summary.py
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def rename_techs(label):
"retrofitting" : "building retrofitting", "retrofitting" : "building retrofitting",
"H2" : "hydrogen storage", "H2" : "hydrogen storage",
"battery" : "battery storage", "battery" : "battery storage",
"CCS" : "CCS"} "CC" : "CC"}
rename = {"solar" : "solar PV", rename = {"solar" : "solar PV",
"Sabatier" : "methanation", "Sabatier" : "methanation",

130
scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
View File

@ -193,12 +193,10 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n):
location="EU", location="EU",
carrier="co2 stored") carrier="co2 stored")
#TODO move cost to data/costs.csv
#TODO move maximum somewhere more transparent
n.madd("Store",["co2 stored"], n.madd("Store",["co2 stored"],
e_nom_extendable = True, e_nom_extendable=True,
e_nom_max=2e8, e_nom_max=options['co2_sequestration_potential']*1e6,
capital_cost=20., capital_cost=options['co2_sequestration_cost'],
carrier="co2 stored", carrier="co2 stored",
bus="co2 stored") bus="co2 stored")
@ -210,17 +208,26 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n):
efficiency=1., efficiency=1.,
p_nom_extendable=True) p_nom_extendable=True)
if options['dac']: def add_dac(n):
#direct air capture consumes electricity to take CO2 from the air to the underground store
#TODO do with cost from Breyer - later use elec and heat and capital cost heat_buses = n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier.isin(["urban central heat",
n.madd("Link",["DAC"], "services urban decentral heat"])]
bus0="co2 atmosphere", locations = n.buses.location[heat_buses]
bus1="co2 stored",
carrier="DAC", n.madd("Link",
marginal_cost=75., locations,
efficiency=1., suffix=" DAC",
p_nom_extendable=True, bus0="co2 atmosphere",
lifetime=costs.at['DAC','lifetime']) bus1="co2 stored",
bus2=locations.values,
bus3=heat_buses,
carrier="DAC",
capital_cost=costs.at['direct air capture','fixed'],
efficiency=1.,
efficiency2=-(costs.at['direct air capture','electricity-input'] + costs.at['direct air capture','compression-electricity-input']),
efficiency3=-(costs.at['direct air capture','heat-input'] - costs.at['direct air capture','compression-heat-output']),
p_nom_extendable=True,
lifetime=costs.at['direct air capture','lifetime'])
def add_co2limit(n, Nyears=1.,limit=0.): def add_co2limit(n, Nyears=1.,limit=0.):
@ -938,18 +945,18 @@ def add_storage(network):
if options['SMR']: if options['SMR']:
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
nodes + " SMR CCS", nodes + " SMR CC",
bus0=["EU gas"]*len(nodes), bus0=["EU gas"]*len(nodes),
bus1=nodes+" H2", bus1=nodes+" H2",
bus2="co2 atmosphere", bus2="co2 atmosphere",
bus3="co2 stored", bus3="co2 stored",
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
carrier="SMR CCS", carrier="SMR CC",
efficiency=costs.at["SMR CCS","efficiency"], efficiency=costs.at["SMR CC","efficiency"],
efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-options["ccs_fraction"]), efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-options["cc_fraction"]),
efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*options["cc_fraction"],
capital_cost=costs.at["SMR CCS","fixed"], capital_cost=costs.at["SMR CC","fixed"],
lifetime=costs.at['SMR CCS','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['SMR CC','lifetime'])
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
nodes + " SMR", nodes + " SMR",
@ -1243,21 +1250,21 @@ def add_heat(network):
lifetime=costs.at['central gas CHP','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['central gas CHP','lifetime'])
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
nodes[name] + " urban central gas CHP CCS", nodes[name] + " urban central gas CHP CC",
bus0="EU gas", bus0="EU gas",
bus1=nodes[name], bus1=nodes[name],
bus2=nodes[name] + " urban central heat", bus2=nodes[name] + " urban central heat",
bus3="co2 atmosphere", bus3="co2 atmosphere",
bus4="co2 stored", bus4="co2 stored",
carrier="urban central gas CHP CCS", carrier="urban central gas CHP CC",
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','fixed']*costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','efficiency'], capital_cost=costs.at['central gas CHP','fixed']*costs.at['central gas CHP','efficiency'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture','fixed']*costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity'],
marginal_cost=costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','VOM'], marginal_cost=costs.at['central gas CHP','VOM'],
efficiency=costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','efficiency'], efficiency=costs.at['central gas CHP','efficiency'] - costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(costs.at['biomass CHP capture','electricity-input'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture','compression-electricity-input']),
efficiency2=costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','efficiency']/costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','c_b'], efficiency2=costs.at['central gas CHP','efficiency']/costs.at['central gas CHP','c_b'] + costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(costs.at['biomass CHP capture','heat-output'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture','compression-heat-output'] - costs.at['biomass CHP capture','heat-output']),
efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-options["ccs_fraction"]), efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-costs.at['biomass CHP capture','capture_rate']),
efficiency4=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency4=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*costs.at['biomass CHP capture','capture_rate'],
lifetime=costs.at['central gas CHP CCS','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['central gas CHP','lifetime'])
else: else:
if options["micro_chp"]: if options["micro_chp"]:
@ -1462,21 +1469,21 @@ def add_biomass(network):
lifetime=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','lifetime'])
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
urban_central + " urban central solid biomass CHP CCS", urban_central + " urban central solid biomass CHP CC",
bus0="EU solid biomass", bus0="EU solid biomass",
bus1=urban_central, bus1=urban_central,
bus2=urban_central + " urban central heat", bus2=urban_central + " urban central heat",
bus3="co2 atmosphere", bus3="co2 atmosphere",
bus4="co2 stored", bus4="co2 stored",
carrier="urban central solid biomass CHP CCS", carrier="urban central solid biomass CHP CC",
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP CCS','fixed']*costs.at['central solid biomass CHP CCS','efficiency'], capital_cost=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','fixed']*costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','efficiency'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture','fixed']*costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity'],
marginal_cost=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP CCS','VOM'], marginal_cost=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','VOM'],
efficiency=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP CCS','efficiency'], efficiency=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','efficiency'] - costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*(costs.at['biomass CHP capture','electricity-input'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture','compression-electricity-input']),
efficiency2=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP CCS','efficiency-heat'], efficiency2=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','efficiency-heat'] + costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*(costs.at['biomass CHP capture','heat-output'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture','compression-heat-output'] - costs.at['biomass CHP capture','heat-output']),
efficiency3=-costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency3=-costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*costs.at['biomass CHP capture','capture_rate'],
efficiency4=costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency4=costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*costs.at['biomass CHP capture','capture_rate'],
lifetime=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP CCS','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['central solid biomass CHP','lifetime'])
@ -1513,18 +1520,18 @@ def add_industry(network):
efficiency=1.) efficiency=1.)
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
["solid biomass for industry CCS"], ["solid biomass for industry CC"],
bus0="EU solid biomass", bus0="EU solid biomass",
bus1="solid biomass for industry", bus1="solid biomass for industry",
bus2="co2 atmosphere", bus2="co2 atmosphere",
bus3="co2 stored", bus3="co2 stored",
carrier="solid biomass for industry CCS", carrier="solid biomass for industry CC",
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at["industry CCS","fixed"]*costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*8760, #8760 converts EUR/(tCO2/a) to EUR/(tCO2/h) capital_cost=costs.at["cement capture","fixed"]*costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity'],
efficiency=0.9, efficiency=0.9,
efficiency2=-costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency2=-costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*costs.at["cement capture","capture_rate"],
efficiency3=costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency3=costs.at['solid biomass','CO2 intensity']*costs.at["cement capture","capture_rate"],
lifetime=costs.at['industry CCS','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['cement capture','lifetime'])
network.madd("Bus", network.madd("Bus",
@ -1549,18 +1556,18 @@ def add_industry(network):
efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']) efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity'])
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
["gas for industry CCS"], ["gas for industry CC"],
bus0="EU gas", bus0="EU gas",
bus1="gas for industry", bus1="gas for industry",
bus2="co2 atmosphere", bus2="co2 atmosphere",
bus3="co2 stored", bus3="co2 stored",
carrier="gas for industry CCS", carrier="gas for industry CC",
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at["industry CCS","fixed"]*costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*8760, #8760 converts EUR/(tCO2/a) to EUR/(tCO2/h) capital_cost=costs.at["cement capture","fixed"]*costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity'],
efficiency=0.9, efficiency=0.9,
efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-options["ccs_fraction"]), efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-costs.at["cement capture","capture_rate"]),
efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']**costs.at["cement capture","capture_rate"],
lifetime=costs.at['industry CCS','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['cement capture','lifetime'])
network.madd("Load", network.madd("Load",
@ -1694,18 +1701,18 @@ def add_industry(network):
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
efficiency=1.) efficiency=1.)
#assume enough local waste heat for CCS #assume enough local waste heat for CC
network.madd("Link", network.madd("Link",
["process emissions CCS"], ["process emissions CC"],
bus0="process emissions", bus0="process emissions",
bus1="co2 atmosphere", bus1="co2 atmosphere",
bus2="co2 stored", bus2="co2 stored",
carrier="process emissions CCS", carrier="process emissions CC",
p_nom_extendable=True, p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at["industry CCS","fixed"]*8760, #8760 converts EUR/(tCO2/a) to EUR/(tCO2/h) capital_cost=costs.at["cement capture","fixed"],
efficiency=(1-options["ccs_fraction"]), efficiency=(1-costs.at["cement capture","capture_rate"]),
efficiency2=options["ccs_fraction"], efficiency2=costs.at["cement capture","capture_rate"],
lifetime=costs.at['industry CCS','lifetime']) lifetime=costs.at['cement capture','lifetime'])
@ -1898,6 +1905,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
if "I" in opts and "H" in opts: if "I" in opts and "H" in opts:
add_waste_heat(n) add_waste_heat(n)
if options['dac']:
add_dac(n)
if "decentral" in opts: if "decentral" in opts:
decentral(n) decentral(n)