fab31e6524
* Update .gitignore
* Add fictitious load to account for non-transformed shipping emissions
The share of shipping demand that is transformed is defined now for different years to be used with the myopic code.
The carbon emission from the remaining share is treated as a negative load on the atmospheric carbon dioxide bus, just like aviation and land transport emissions.
* Split colours for H2 in Industry and H2 in shipping when plotting balances.
When plotting the balance for H2, the rename dictionary merges all the demands containing H2.
This commit disables such merging and keeps different colours for H2 in shipping and H2 in industry. This is useful when one wants to look at the H2 balance and have an overview of where the H2 is consumed in the model.
* Make transformation of Steel and Aluminum production depends on year
Previously, the transformation of the Steel and Aluminum production was assumed to occur overnight.
This commit enables the definition of a transformation path via the config.yaml file.
This requires adding the {planning_horizon} to the input and output file name of the following rules:
build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow
build_industrial_production_per_node
build_industry_energy_demand_per_node
prepare_sector_network
* small follow-up to merge
* Add oil consumed in shipping as a load to EU oil bus
* Update scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
* add planning_horizons wildcard to benchmark paths
* fixup: double fraction_primary for steel
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>
510 lines
16 KiB
YAML
510 lines
16 KiB
YAML
version: 0.5.0
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logging_level: INFO
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results_dir: results/
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summary_dir: results
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costs_dir: ../technology-data/outputs/
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run: your-run-name # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
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foresight: overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
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# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below
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scenario:
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simpl: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
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- ''
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lv: # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 (today) or "opt"
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- 1.0
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- 1.5
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clusters: # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
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- 45
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- 50
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opts: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
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- ''
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sector_opts: # this is where the main scenario settings are
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- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar+p3-dist1
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# to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
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# Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
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# Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
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# xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
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# single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
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# B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation
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# solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
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# solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
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# co2 stored+e2 multiplies the potential of CO2 sequestration by a factor 2
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# dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
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# for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
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# emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
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# planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
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# cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
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# decay with initial growth rate 0
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planning_horizons: # investment years for myopic and perfect; or costs year for overnight
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- 2030
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# for example, set to [2020, 2030, 2040, 2050] for myopic foresight
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# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
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# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
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# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
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co2_budget:
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2020: 0.7011648746
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2025: 0.5241935484
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2030: 0.2970430108
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2035: 0.1500896057
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2040: 0.0712365591
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2045: 0.0322580645
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2050: 0
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# snapshots are originally set in PyPSA-Eur/config.yaml but used again by PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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snapshots:
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# arguments to pd.date_range
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start: "2013-01-01"
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end: "2014-01-01"
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closed: left # end is not inclusive
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atlite:
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cutout: ../pypsa-eur/cutouts/europe-2013-era5.nc
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# this information is NOT used but needed as an argument for
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# pypsa-eur/scripts/add_electricity.py/load_costs in make_summary.py
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electricity:
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max_hours:
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battery: 6
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H2: 168
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# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
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# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
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# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
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# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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pypsa_eur:
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Bus:
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- AC
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Link:
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- DC
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Generator:
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- onwind
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- offwind-ac
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- offwind-dc
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- solar
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- ror
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StorageUnit:
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- PHS
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- hydro
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Store: []
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energy:
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energy_totals_year: 2011
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base_emissions_year: 1990
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eurostat_report_year: 2016
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emissions: CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"
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biomass:
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year: 2030
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scenario: Med
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classes:
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solid biomass:
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- Primary agricultural residues
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- Forestry energy residue
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- Secondary forestry residues
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- Secondary Forestry residues sawdust
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- Forestry residues from landscape care biomass
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- Municipal waste
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not included:
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- Bioethanol sugar beet biomass
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- Rapeseeds for biodiesel
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- sunflower and soya for Biodiesel
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- Starchy crops biomass
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- Grassy crops biomass
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- Willow biomass
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- Poplar biomass potential
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- Roundwood fuelwood
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- Roundwood Chips & Pellets
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biogas:
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- Manure biomass potential
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- Sludge biomass
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solar_thermal:
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clearsky_model: simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
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orientation:
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slope: 45.
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azimuth: 180.
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# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
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existing_capacities:
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grouping_years: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019]
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threshold_capacity: 10
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conventional_carriers:
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- lignite
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- coal
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- oil
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- uranium
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sector:
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central: true
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central_fraction: 0.6
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bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
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bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
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transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
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transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
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ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375 #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
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ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
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EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
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EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
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district_heating_loss: 0.15
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bev_dsm: true #turns on EV battery
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bev_availability: 0.5 #How many cars do smart charging
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bev_energy: 0.05 #average battery size in MWh
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bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9 #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
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bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
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bev_charge_rate: 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
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bev_avail_max: 0.95
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bev_avail_mean: 0.8
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v2g: true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
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#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
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land_transport_fuel_cell_share: # 1 means all FCEVs
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.05
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2040: 0.1
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2050: 0.15
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land_transport_electric_share: # 1 means all EVs
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.25
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2040: 0.6
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2050: 0.85
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transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
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transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
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shipping_average_efficiency: 0.4 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
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shipping_hydrogen_share: # 1 means all hydrogen FC
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2020: 0
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2025: 0
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2030: 0.05
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2035: 0.15
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2040: 0.3
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2045: 0.6
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2050: 1
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time_dep_hp_cop: true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
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heat_pump_sink_T: 55. # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
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# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
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# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
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# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor: # per unit reduction in space heat demand
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# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
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2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
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2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
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2030: 0.09
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2035: 0.11
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2040: 0.16
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2045: 0.21
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2050: 0.29
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retrofitting : # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
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retro_endogen: false # co-optimise space heat savings
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cost_factor: 1.0 # weight costs for building renovation
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interest_rate: 0.04 # for investment in building components
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annualise_cost: true # annualise the investment costs
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tax_weighting: false # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
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construction_index: true # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
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tes: true
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tes_tau: # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
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decentral: 3
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central: 180
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boilers: true
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oil_boilers: false
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chp: true
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micro_chp: false
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solar_thermal: true
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solar_cf_correction: 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
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marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
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methanation: true
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helmeth: true
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dac: true
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co2_vent: true
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SMR: true
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co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
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co2_sequestration_cost: 20 #EUR/tCO2 for transport and sequestration of CO2
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cc_fraction: 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
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hydrogen_underground_storage: true
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use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
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use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
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electricity_distribution_grid: false
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electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
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electricity_grid_connection: true # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
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gas_distribution_grid: true
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gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
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conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
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OCGT: gas
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industry:
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St_primary_fraction: # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
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2020: 0.6
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2025: 0.55
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2030: 0.5
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2035: 0.45
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2040: 0.4
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2045: 0.35
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2050: 0.3
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DRI_fraction: # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
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2020: 0
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2025: 0
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2030: 0.05
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2035: 0.2
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2040: 0.4
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2045: 0.7
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2050: 1
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H2_DRI: 1.7 #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
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elec_DRI: 0.322 #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
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Al_primary_fraction: # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
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2020: 0.4
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2025: 0.375
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2030: 0.35
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2035: 0.325
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2040: 0.3
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2045: 0.25
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2050: 0.2
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MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
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MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
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MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
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MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
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NH3_process_emissions: 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
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petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
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HVC_primary_fraction: 1.0 #fraction of current non-ammonia basic chemicals produced via primary route
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hotmaps_locate_missing: false
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reference_year: 2015
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costs:
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lifetime: 25 #default lifetime
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# From a Lion Hirth paper, also reflects average of Noothout et al 2016
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discountrate: 0.07
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# [EUR/USD] ECB: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html # noqa: E501
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USD2013_to_EUR2013: 0.7532
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# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
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# capital_cost:
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# onwind: 500
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marginal_cost:
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solar: 0.01
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onwind: 0.015
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offwind: 0.015
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hydro: 0.
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H2: 0.
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battery: 0.
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emission_prices: # only used with the option Ep (emission prices)
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co2: 0.
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lines:
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length_factor: 1.25 #to estimate offwind connection costs
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solving:
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#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
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options:
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formulation: kirchhoff
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clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
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load_shedding: false
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noisy_costs: true
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skip_iterations: true
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track_iterations: false
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min_iterations: 4
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max_iterations: 6
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solver:
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name: gurobi
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threads: 4
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method: 2 # barrier
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crossover: 0
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BarConvTol: 1.e-6
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Seed: 123
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AggFill: 0
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PreDual: 0
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GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
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#FeasibilityTol: 1.e-6
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#name: cplex
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#threads: 4
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#lpmethod: 4 # barrier
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#solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
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#barrier_convergetol: 1.e-5
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#feasopt_tolerance: 1.e-6
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mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
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plotting:
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map:
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boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
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color_geomap:
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ocean: white
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land: whitesmoke
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costs_max: 1000
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costs_threshold: 1
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energy_max: 20000
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energy_min: -20000
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energy_threshold: 50
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vre_techs:
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- onwind
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- offwind-ac
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- offwind-dc
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- solar
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- ror
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renewable_storage_techs:
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- PHS
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- hydro
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conv_techs:
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- OCGT
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- CCGT
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- Nuclear
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- Coal
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storage_techs:
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- hydro+PHS
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- battery
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- H2
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load_carriers:
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- AC load
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AC_carriers:
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- AC line
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- AC transformer
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link_carriers:
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- DC line
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- Converter AC-DC
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heat_links:
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- heat pump
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- resistive heater
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- CHP heat
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- CHP electric
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- gas boiler
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- central heat pump
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- central resistive heater
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- central CHP heat
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- central CHP electric
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- central gas boiler
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heat_generators:
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- gas boiler
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- central gas boiler
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- solar thermal collector
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- central solar thermal collector
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tech_colors:
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onwind: "#235ebc"
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onshore wind: "#235ebc"
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offwind: "#6895dd"
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offshore wind: "#6895dd"
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offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
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offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
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offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
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offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
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wave: '#004444'
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hydro: '#3B5323'
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hydro reservoir: '#3B5323'
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ror: '#78AB46'
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run of river: '#78AB46'
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hydroelectricity: '#006400'
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solar: "#f9d002"
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solar PV: "#f9d002"
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solar thermal: coral
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solar rooftop: '#ffef60'
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OCGT: wheat
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OCGT marginal: sandybrown
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OCGT-heat: '#ee8340'
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gas boiler: '#ee8340'
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gas boilers: '#ee8340'
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gas boiler marginal: '#ee8340'
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gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
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gas: brown
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natural gas: brown
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SMR: '#4F4F2F'
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oil: '#B5A642'
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oil boiler: '#B5A677'
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lines: k
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transmission lines: k
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H2: m
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hydrogen storage: m
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battery: slategray
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battery storage: slategray
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home battery: '#614700'
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home battery storage: '#614700'
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Nuclear: r
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Nuclear marginal: r
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nuclear: r
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uranium: r
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Coal: k
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coal: k
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Coal marginal: k
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Lignite: grey
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lignite: grey
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Lignite marginal: grey
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CCGT: '#ee8340'
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CCGT marginal: '#ee8340'
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heat pumps: '#76EE00'
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heat pump: '#76EE00'
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air heat pump: '#76EE00'
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ground heat pump: '#40AA00'
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power-to-heat: '#40AA00'
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resistive heater: pink
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Sabatier: '#FF1493'
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methanation: '#FF1493'
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power-to-gas: '#FF1493'
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power-to-liquid: '#FFAAE9'
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helmeth: '#7D0552'
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DAC: '#E74C3C'
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co2 stored: '#123456'
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CO2 sequestration: '#123456'
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CC: k
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co2: '#123456'
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co2 vent: '#654321'
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solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#654321'
|
|
solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#654321'
|
|
gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#654321'
|
|
gas for industry co2 to stored: '#654321'
|
|
Fischer-Tropsch: '#44DD33'
|
|
kerosene for aviation: '#44BB11'
|
|
naphtha for industry: '#44FF55'
|
|
land transport oil: '#44DD33'
|
|
water tanks: '#BBBBBB'
|
|
hot water storage: '#BBBBBB'
|
|
hot water charging: '#BBBBBB'
|
|
hot water discharging: '#999999'
|
|
CHP: r
|
|
CHP heat: r
|
|
CHP electric: r
|
|
PHS: g
|
|
Ambient: k
|
|
Electric load: b
|
|
Heat load: r
|
|
heat: darkred
|
|
rural heat: '#880000'
|
|
central heat: '#b22222'
|
|
decentral heat: '#800000'
|
|
low-temperature heat for industry: '#991111'
|
|
process heat: '#FF3333'
|
|
heat demand: darkred
|
|
electric demand: k
|
|
Li ion: grey
|
|
district heating: '#CC4E5C'
|
|
retrofitting: purple
|
|
building retrofitting: purple
|
|
BEV charger: grey
|
|
V2G: grey
|
|
land transport EV: grey
|
|
electricity: k
|
|
gas for industry: '#333333'
|
|
solid biomass for industry: '#555555'
|
|
industry electricity: '#222222'
|
|
industry new electricity: '#222222'
|
|
process emissions to stored: '#444444'
|
|
process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
|
|
process emissions: '#222222'
|
|
oil emissions: '#666666'
|
|
land transport oil emissions: '#666666'
|
|
land transport fuel cell: '#AAAAAA'
|
|
biogas: '#800000'
|
|
solid biomass: '#DAA520'
|
|
today: '#D2691E'
|
|
shipping: '#6495ED'
|
|
shipping oil: "#6495ED"
|
|
shipping oil emissions: "#6495ED"
|
|
electricity distribution grid: '#333333'
|
|
H2 for industry: "#222222"
|
|
H2 for shipping: "#6495ED"
|