478 lines
15 KiB
YAML
478 lines
15 KiB
YAML
version: 0.5.0
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logging_level: INFO
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results_dir: results/
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summary_dir: results
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costs_dir: ../technology-data/outputs/
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run: your-run-name # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
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foresight: overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
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# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below
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scenario:
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simpl: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
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- ''
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lv: # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 (today) or "opt"
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- 1.0
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- 1.5
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clusters: # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
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- 45
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- 50
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opts: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
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- ''
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sector_opts: # this is where the main scenario settings are
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- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar+p3-dist1
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# to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
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# Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
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# Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
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# xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
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# single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
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# B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation
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# solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
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# solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
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# dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
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# for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
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# emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
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# planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
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# cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
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# decay with initial growth rate 0
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planning_horizons: # investment years for myopic and perfect; or costs year for overnight
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- 2030
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# for example, set to [2020, 2030, 2040, 2050] for myopic foresight
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# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
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# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
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# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
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co2_budget:
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2020: 0.7011648746
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2025: 0.5241935484
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2030: 0.2970430108
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2035: 0.1500896057
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2040: 0.0712365591
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2045: 0.0322580645
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2050: 0
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# snapshots are originally set in PyPSA-Eur/config.yaml but used again by PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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snapshots:
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# arguments to pd.date_range
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start: "2013-01-01"
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end: "2014-01-01"
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closed: left # end is not inclusive
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atlite:
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cutout: ../pypsa-eur/cutouts/europe-2013-era5.nc
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# this information is NOT used but needed as an argument for
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# pypsa-eur/scripts/add_electricity.py/load_costs in make_summary.py
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electricity:
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max_hours:
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battery: 6
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H2: 168
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# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
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# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
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# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
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# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
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pypsa_eur:
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Bus:
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- AC
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Link:
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- DC
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Generator:
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- onwind
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- offwind-ac
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- offwind-dc
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- solar
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- ror
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StorageUnit:
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- PHS
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- hydro
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Store: []
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energy:
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energy_totals_year: 2011
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base_emissions_year: 1990
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eurostat_report_year: 2016
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emissions: CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"
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biomass:
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year: 2030
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scenario: Med
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classes:
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solid biomass:
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- Primary agricultural residues
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- Forestry energy residue
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- Secondary forestry residues
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- Secondary Forestry residues sawdust
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- Forestry residues from landscape care biomass
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- Municipal waste
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not included:
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- Bioethanol sugar beet biomass
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- Rapeseeds for biodiesel
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- sunflower and soya for Biodiesel
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- Starchy crops biomass
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- Grassy crops biomass
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- Willow biomass
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- Poplar biomass potential
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- Roundwood fuelwood
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- Roundwood Chips & Pellets
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biogas:
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- Manure biomass potential
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- Sludge biomass
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solar_thermal:
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clearsky_model: simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
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orientation:
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slope: 45.
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azimuth: 180.
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# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
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existing_capacities:
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grouping_years: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019]
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threshold_capacity: 10
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conventional_carriers:
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- lignite
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- coal
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- oil
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- uranium
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sector:
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central: true
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central_fraction: 0.6
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bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
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bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
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transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
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transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
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ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375 #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
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ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
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EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
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EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
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district_heating_loss: 0.15
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bev_dsm: true #turns on EV battery
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bev_availability: 0.5 #How many cars do smart charging
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bev_energy: 0.05 #average battery size in MWh
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bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9 #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
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bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
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bev_charge_rate: 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
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bev_avail_max: 0.95
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bev_avail_mean: 0.8
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v2g: true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
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#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
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land_transport_fuel_cell_share: # 1 means all FCEVs
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.05
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2040: 0.1
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2050: 0.15
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land_transport_electric_share: # 1 means all EVs
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2020: 0
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2030: 0.25
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2040: 0.6
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2050: 0.85
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transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
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transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
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agriculture_machinery_electric_share: 0.12 # approximately as today
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agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency: 0.7 # for conversion of fuel oil to use
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agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency: 0.3 # for conversion of electricity to use
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shipping_average_efficiency: 0.4 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
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time_dep_hp_cop: true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
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heat_pump_sink_T: 55. # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
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# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
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# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
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# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
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reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor: # per unit reduction in space heat demand
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# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
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2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
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2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
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2030: 0.09
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2035: 0.11
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2040: 0.16
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2045: 0.21
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2050: 0.29
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retrofitting : # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
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retro_endogen: false # co-optimise space heat savings
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cost_factor: 1.0 # weight costs for building renovation
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interest_rate: 0.04 # for investment in building components
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annualise_cost: true # annualise the investment costs
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tax_weighting: false # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
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construction_index: true # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
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tes: true
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tes_tau: # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
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decentral: 3
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central: 180
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boilers: true
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oil_boilers: false
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chp: true
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micro_chp: false
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solar_thermal: true
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solar_cf_correction: 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
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marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
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methanation: true
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helmeth: true
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dac: true
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co2_vent: true
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SMR: true
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co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
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co2_sequestration_cost: 20 #EUR/tCO2 for transport and sequestration of CO2
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cc_fraction: 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
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hydrogen_underground_storage: true
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use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
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use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
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electricity_distribution_grid: false
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electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
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electricity_grid_connection: true # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
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gas_distribution_grid: true
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gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
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conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
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OCGT: gas
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industry:
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St_primary_fraction: 0.3 # fraction of steel produced via primary route (DRI + EAF) versus secondary route (EAF); today fraction is 0.6
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H2_DRI: 1.7 #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
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elec_DRI: 0.322 #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
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Al_primary_fraction: 0.2 # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
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MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
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MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
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MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
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MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
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NH3_process_emissions: 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
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petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
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HVC_primary_fraction: 1.0 #fraction of current non-ammonia basic chemicals produced via primary route
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hotmaps_locate_missing: false
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reference_year: 2015
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costs:
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lifetime: 25 #default lifetime
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# From a Lion Hirth paper, also reflects average of Noothout et al 2016
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discountrate: 0.07
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# [EUR/USD] ECB: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html # noqa: E501
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USD2013_to_EUR2013: 0.7532
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# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
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# capital_cost:
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# onwind: 500
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marginal_cost:
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solar: 0.01
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onwind: 0.015
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offwind: 0.015
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hydro: 0.
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H2: 0.
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battery: 0.
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emission_prices: # only used with the option Ep (emission prices)
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co2: 0.
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lines:
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length_factor: 1.25 #to estimate offwind connection costs
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solving:
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#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
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options:
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formulation: kirchhoff
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clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
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load_shedding: false
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noisy_costs: true
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skip_iterations: true
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track_iterations: false
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min_iterations: 4
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max_iterations: 6
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solver:
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name: gurobi
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threads: 4
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method: 2 # barrier
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crossover: 0
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BarConvTol: 1.e-6
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Seed: 123
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AggFill: 0
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PreDual: 0
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GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
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#FeasibilityTol: 1.e-6
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#name: cplex
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#threads: 4
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#lpmethod: 4 # barrier
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#solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
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#barrier_convergetol: 1.e-5
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#feasopt_tolerance: 1.e-6
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mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
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plotting:
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map:
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boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
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color_geomap:
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ocean: white
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land: whitesmoke
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costs_max: 1000
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costs_threshold: 1
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energy_max: 20000
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energy_min: -20000
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energy_threshold: 50
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vre_techs:
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- onwind
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- offwind-ac
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- offwind-dc
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- solar
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- ror
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renewable_storage_techs:
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- PHS
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- hydro
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conv_techs:
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- OCGT
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- CCGT
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- Nuclear
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- Coal
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storage_techs:
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- hydro+PHS
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- battery
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- H2
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load_carriers:
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- AC load
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AC_carriers:
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- AC line
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- AC transformer
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link_carriers:
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- DC line
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- Converter AC-DC
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heat_links:
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- heat pump
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- resistive heater
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- CHP heat
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- CHP electric
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- gas boiler
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- central heat pump
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- central resistive heater
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- central CHP heat
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- central CHP electric
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- central gas boiler
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heat_generators:
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- gas boiler
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- central gas boiler
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- solar thermal collector
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- central solar thermal collector
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tech_colors:
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onwind: "#235ebc"
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onshore wind: "#235ebc"
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offwind: "#6895dd"
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offshore wind: "#6895dd"
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offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
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offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
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offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
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offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
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wave: '#004444'
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hydro: '#3B5323'
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hydro reservoir: '#3B5323'
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ror: '#78AB46'
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run of river: '#78AB46'
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hydroelectricity: '#006400'
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solar: "#f9d002"
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solar PV: "#f9d002"
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solar thermal: coral
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solar rooftop: '#ffef60'
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OCGT: wheat
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OCGT marginal: sandybrown
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OCGT-heat: '#ee8340'
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gas boiler: '#ee8340'
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gas boilers: '#ee8340'
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gas boiler marginal: '#ee8340'
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gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
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gas: brown
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natural gas: brown
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SMR: '#4F4F2F'
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oil: '#B5A642'
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oil boiler: '#B5A677'
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lines: k
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transmission lines: k
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H2: m
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hydrogen storage: m
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battery: slategray
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battery storage: slategray
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home battery: '#614700'
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home battery storage: '#614700'
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Nuclear: r
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Nuclear marginal: r
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nuclear: r
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uranium: r
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Coal: k
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coal: k
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Coal marginal: k
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Lignite: grey
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lignite: grey
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Lignite marginal: grey
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CCGT: '#ee8340'
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CCGT marginal: '#ee8340'
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heat pumps: '#76EE00'
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heat pump: '#76EE00'
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air heat pump: '#76EE00'
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ground heat pump: '#40AA00'
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power-to-heat: '#40AA00'
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resistive heater: pink
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Sabatier: '#FF1493'
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methanation: '#FF1493'
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power-to-gas: '#FF1493'
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power-to-liquid: '#FFAAE9'
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helmeth: '#7D0552'
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DAC: '#E74C3C'
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co2 stored: '#123456'
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CO2 sequestration: '#123456'
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CC: k
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co2: '#123456'
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co2 vent: '#654321'
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solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#654321'
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solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#654321'
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gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#654321'
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gas for industry co2 to stored: '#654321'
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Fischer-Tropsch: '#44DD33'
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kerosene for aviation: '#44BB11'
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naphtha for industry: '#44FF55'
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land transport oil: '#44DD33'
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water tanks: '#BBBBBB'
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hot water storage: '#BBBBBB'
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hot water charging: '#BBBBBB'
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hot water discharging: '#999999'
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CHP: r
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CHP heat: r
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CHP electric: r
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PHS: g
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Ambient: k
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Electric load: b
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Heat load: r
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heat: darkred
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rural heat: '#880000'
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central heat: '#b22222'
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decentral heat: '#800000'
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low-temperature heat for industry: '#991111'
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process heat: '#FF3333'
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heat demand: darkred
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electric demand: k
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Li ion: grey
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district heating: '#CC4E5C'
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retrofitting: purple
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building retrofitting: purple
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BEV charger: grey
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V2G: grey
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land transport EV: grey
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electricity: k
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gas for industry: '#333333'
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solid biomass for industry: '#555555'
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industry electricity: '#222222'
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industry new electricity: '#222222'
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process emissions to stored: '#444444'
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process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
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process emissions: '#222222'
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oil emissions: '#666666'
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land transport oil emissions: '#666666'
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land transport fuel cell: '#AAAAAA'
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biogas: '#800000'
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solid biomass: '#DAA520'
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today: '#D2691E'
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shipping: '#6495ED'
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electricity distribution grid: '#333333'
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