546 lines
19 KiB
Python
546 lines
19 KiB
Python
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import cartopy.crs as ccrs
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from matplotlib.legend_handler import HandlerPatch
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from matplotlib.patches import Circle, Ellipse
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from make_summary import assign_carriers
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from plot_summary import rename_techs, preferred_order
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import numpy as np
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import pypsa
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import pandas as pd
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# allow plotting without Xwindows
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import matplotlib
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matplotlib.use('Agg')
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# from sector/scripts/paper_graphics-co2_sweep.py
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override_component_attrs = pypsa.descriptors.Dict(
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{k: v.copy() for k, v in pypsa.components.component_attrs.items()})
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override_component_attrs["Link"].loc["bus2"] = [
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"string", np.nan, np.nan, "2nd bus", "Input (optional)"]
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override_component_attrs["Link"].loc["bus3"] = [
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"string", np.nan, np.nan, "3rd bus", "Input (optional)"]
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override_component_attrs["Link"].loc["efficiency2"] = [
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"static or series", "per unit", 1., "2nd bus efficiency", "Input (optional)"]
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override_component_attrs["Link"].loc["efficiency3"] = [
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"static or series", "per unit", 1., "3rd bus efficiency", "Input (optional)"]
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override_component_attrs["Link"].loc["p2"] = [
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"series", "MW", 0., "2nd bus output", "Output"]
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override_component_attrs["Link"].loc["p3"] = [
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"series", "MW", 0., "3rd bus output", "Output"]
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override_component_attrs["StorageUnit"].loc["p_dispatch"] = [
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"series", "MW", 0., "Storage discharging.", "Output"]
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override_component_attrs["StorageUnit"].loc["p_store"] = [
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"series", "MW", 0., "Storage charging.", "Output"]
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# ----------------- PLOT HELPERS ---------------------------------------------
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def rename_techs_tyndp(tech):
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tech = rename_techs(tech)
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if "heat pump" in tech or "resistive heater" in tech:
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return "power-to-heat"
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elif tech in ["methanation", "hydrogen storage", "helmeth"]:
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return "power-to-gas"
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elif tech in ["OCGT", "CHP", "gas boiler"]:
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return "gas-to-power/heat"
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elif "solar" in tech:
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return "solar"
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elif tech == "Fischer-Tropsch":
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return "power-to-liquid"
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elif "offshore wind" in tech:
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return "offshore wind"
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else:
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return tech
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def make_handler_map_to_scale_circles_as_in(ax, dont_resize_actively=False):
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fig = ax.get_figure()
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def axes2pt():
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return np.diff(ax.transData.transform([(0, 0), (1, 1)]), axis=0)[
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0] * (72. / fig.dpi)
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ellipses = []
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if not dont_resize_actively:
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def update_width_height(event):
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dist = axes2pt()
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for e, radius in ellipses:
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e.width, e.height = 2. * radius * dist
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fig.canvas.mpl_connect('resize_event', update_width_height)
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ax.callbacks.connect('xlim_changed', update_width_height)
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ax.callbacks.connect('ylim_changed', update_width_height)
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def legend_circle_handler(legend, orig_handle, xdescent, ydescent,
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width, height, fontsize):
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w, h = 2. * orig_handle.get_radius() * axes2pt()
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e = Ellipse(xy=(0.5 * width - 0.5 * xdescent, 0.5 *
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height - 0.5 * ydescent), width=w, height=w)
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ellipses.append((e, orig_handle.get_radius()))
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return e
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return {Circle: HandlerPatch(patch_func=legend_circle_handler)}
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def make_legend_circles_for(sizes, scale=1.0, **kw):
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return [Circle((0, 0), radius=(s / scale)**0.5, **kw) for s in sizes]
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def assign_location(n):
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for c in n.iterate_components(n.one_port_components | n.branch_components):
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ifind = pd.Series(c.df.index.str.find(" ", start=4), c.df.index)
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for i in ifind.value_counts().index:
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# these have already been assigned defaults
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if i == -1:
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continue
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names = ifind.index[ifind == i]
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c.df.loc[names, 'location'] = names.str[:i]
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# ----------------- PLOT FUNCTIONS --------------------------------------------
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def plot_map(network, components=["links", "stores", "storage_units", "generators"],
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bus_size_factor=1.7e10, transmission=False):
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n = network.copy()
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assign_location(n)
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# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
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n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
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costs = pd.DataFrame(index=n.buses.index)
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for comp in components:
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df_c = getattr(n, comp)
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df_c["nice_group"] = df_c.carrier.map(rename_techs_tyndp)
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attr = "e_nom_opt" if comp == "stores" else "p_nom_opt"
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costs_c = ((df_c.capital_cost * df_c[attr])
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.groupby([df_c.location, df_c.nice_group]).sum()
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.unstack().fillna(0.))
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costs = pd.concat([costs, costs_c], axis=1)
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print(comp, costs)
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costs = costs.groupby(costs.columns, axis=1).sum()
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costs.drop(list(costs.columns[(costs == 0.).all()]), axis=1, inplace=True)
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new_columns = ((preferred_order & costs.columns)
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.append(costs.columns.difference(preferred_order)))
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costs = costs[new_columns]
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for item in new_columns:
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if item not in snakemake.config['plotting']['tech_colors']:
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print("Warning!",item,"not in config/plotting/tech_colors")
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costs = costs.stack() # .sort_index()
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# hack because impossible to drop buses...
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n.buses.loc["EU gas", ["x", "y"]] = n.buses.loc["DE0 0", ["x", "y"]]
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n.links.drop(n.links.index[(n.links.carrier != "DC") & (
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n.links.carrier != "B2B")], inplace=True)
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# drop non-bus
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to_drop = costs.index.levels[0] ^ n.buses.index
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if len(to_drop) != 0:
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print("dropping non-buses", to_drop)
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costs.drop(to_drop, level=0, inplace=True, axis=0)
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# make sure they are removed from index
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costs.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(costs.index.values)
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# PDF has minimum width, so set these to zero
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line_lower_threshold = 500.
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line_upper_threshold = 1e4
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linewidth_factor = 2e3
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ac_color = "gray"
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dc_color = "m"
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if snakemake.wildcards["lv"] == "1.0":
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# should be zero
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line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt - n.lines.s_nom
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt - n.links.p_nom
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title = "Transmission reinforcement"
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if transmission:
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line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt
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linewidth_factor = 2e3
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line_lower_threshold = 0.
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title = "Today's transmission"
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else:
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line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt - n.lines.s_nom_min
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt - n.links.p_nom_min
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title = "Transmission reinforcement"
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if transmission:
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line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt
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title = "Total transmission"
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line_widths[line_widths < line_lower_threshold] = 0.
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link_widths[link_widths < line_lower_threshold] = 0.
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line_widths[line_widths > line_upper_threshold] = line_upper_threshold
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link_widths[link_widths > line_upper_threshold] = line_upper_threshold
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": ccrs.PlateCarree()})
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fig.set_size_inches(7, 6)
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n.plot(bus_sizes=costs / bus_size_factor,
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bus_colors=snakemake.config['plotting']['tech_colors'],
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line_colors=ac_color,
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link_colors=dc_color,
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line_widths=line_widths / linewidth_factor,
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link_widths=link_widths / linewidth_factor,
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ax=ax, boundaries=(-10, 30, 34, 70),
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color_geomap={'ocean': 'lightblue', 'land': "palegoldenrod"})
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handles = make_legend_circles_for(
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[5e9, 1e9], scale=bus_size_factor, facecolor="gray")
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labels = ["{} bEUR/a".format(s) for s in (5, 1)]
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l2 = ax.legend(handles, labels,
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loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(0.01, 1.01),
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labelspacing=1.0,
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framealpha=1.,
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title='System cost',
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handler_map=make_handler_map_to_scale_circles_as_in(ax))
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ax.add_artist(l2)
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handles = []
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labels = []
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for s in (10, 5):
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handles.append(plt.Line2D([0], [0], color=ac_color,
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linewidth=s * 1e3 / linewidth_factor))
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labels.append("{} GW".format(s))
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l1_1 = ax.legend(handles, labels,
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loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(0.30, 1.01),
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framealpha=1,
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labelspacing=0.8, handletextpad=1.5,
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title=title)
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ax.add_artist(l1_1)
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fig.savefig(snakemake.output.map, transparent=True,
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bbox_inches="tight")
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def plot_h2_map(network):
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n = network.copy()
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if "H2 pipeline" not in n.links.carrier.unique():
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return
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assign_location(n)
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bus_size_factor = 1e5
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linewidth_factor = 1e4
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# MW below which not drawn
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line_lower_threshold = 1e3
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bus_color = "m"
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link_color = "c"
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# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
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n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
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elec = n.links.index[n.links.carrier == "H2 Electrolysis"]
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bus_sizes = n.links.loc[elec,"p_nom_opt"].groupby(n.links.loc[elec,"bus0"]).sum() / bus_size_factor
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# make a fake MultiIndex so that area is correct for legend
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bus_sizes.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product(
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[bus_sizes.index, ["electrolysis"]])
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n.links.drop(n.links.index[n.links.carrier != "H2 pipeline"], inplace=True)
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt / linewidth_factor
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link_widths[n.links.p_nom_opt < line_lower_threshold] = 0.
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n.links.bus0 = n.links.bus0.str.replace(" H2", "")
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n.links.bus1 = n.links.bus1.str.replace(" H2", "")
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print(link_widths.sort_values())
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print(n.links[["bus0", "bus1"]])
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": ccrs.PlateCarree()})
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fig.set_size_inches(7, 6)
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n.plot(bus_sizes=bus_sizes,
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bus_colors={"electrolysis": bus_color},
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link_colors=link_color,
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link_widths=link_widths,
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branch_components=["Link"],
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ax=ax, boundaries=(-10, 30, 34, 70))
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handles = make_legend_circles_for(
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[50000, 10000], scale=bus_size_factor, facecolor=bus_color)
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labels = ["{} GW".format(s) for s in (50, 10)]
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l2 = ax.legend(handles, labels,
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loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(0.01, 1.01),
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labelspacing=1.0,
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framealpha=1.,
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title='Electrolyzer capacity',
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handler_map=make_handler_map_to_scale_circles_as_in(ax))
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ax.add_artist(l2)
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handles = []
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labels = []
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for s in (50, 10):
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handles.append(plt.Line2D([0], [0], color=link_color,
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linewidth=s * 1e3 / linewidth_factor))
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labels.append("{} GW".format(s))
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l1_1 = ax.legend(handles, labels,
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loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(0.30, 1.01),
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framealpha=1,
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labelspacing=0.8, handletextpad=1.5,
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title='H2 pipeline capacity')
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ax.add_artist(l1_1)
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fig.savefig(snakemake.output.map.replace("-costs-all","-h2_network"), transparent=True,
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bbox_inches="tight")
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def plot_map_without(network):
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n = network.copy()
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assign_location(n)
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# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
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n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": ccrs.PlateCarree()})
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fig.set_size_inches(7, 6)
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# PDF has minimum width, so set these to zero
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line_lower_threshold = 0.
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line_upper_threshold = 1e4
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linewidth_factor = 2e3
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ac_color = "gray"
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dc_color = "m"
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# hack because impossible to drop buses...
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n.buses.loc["EU gas", ["x", "y"]] = n.buses.loc["DE0 0", ["x", "y"]]
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n.links.drop(n.links.index[(n.links.carrier != "DC") & (
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n.links.carrier != "B2B")], inplace=True)
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if snakemake.wildcards["lv"] == "1.0":
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line_widths = n.lines.s_nom
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom
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else:
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line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_min
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link_widths = n.links.p_nom_min
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line_widths[line_widths < line_upper_threshold] = 0.
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link_widths[link_widths < line_upper_threshold] = 0.
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line_widths[line_widths > line_upper_threshold] = line_upper_threshold
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link_widths[link_widths > line_upper_threshold] = line_upper_threshold
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n.plot(bus_sizes=10,
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bus_colors="k",
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line_colors=ac_color,
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link_colors=dc_color,
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line_widths=line_widths / linewidth_factor,
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link_widths=link_widths / linewidth_factor,
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ax=ax, boundaries=(-10, 30, 34, 70))
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handles = []
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labels = []
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for s in (10, 5):
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handles.append(plt.Line2D([0], [0], color=ac_color,
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linewidth=s * 1e3 / linewidth_factor))
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labels.append("{} GW".format(s))
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l1_1 = ax.legend(handles, labels,
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loc="upper left", bbox_to_anchor=(0.05, 1.01),
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framealpha=1,
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labelspacing=0.8, handletextpad=1.5,
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title='Today\'s transmission')
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ax.add_artist(l1_1)
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fig.savefig(snakemake.output.today, transparent=True, bbox_inches="tight")
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def plot_series(network, carrier="AC", name="test"):
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n = network.copy()
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assign_location(n)
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assign_carriers(n)
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buses = n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier.str.contains(carrier)]
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supply = pd.DataFrame(index=n.snapshots)
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for c in n.iterate_components(n.branch_components):
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for i in range(2):
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supply = pd.concat((supply,
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(-1) * c.pnl["p" + str(i)].loc[:,
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c.df.index[c.df["bus" + str(i)].isin(buses)]].groupby(c.df.carrier,
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axis=1).sum()),
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axis=1)
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for c in n.iterate_components(n.one_port_components):
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comps = c.df.index[c.df.bus.isin(buses)]
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supply = pd.concat((supply, ((c.pnl["p"].loc[:, comps]).multiply(
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c.df.loc[comps, "sign"])).groupby(c.df.carrier, axis=1).sum()), axis=1)
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supply = supply.groupby(rename_techs_tyndp, axis=1).sum()
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both = supply.columns[(supply < 0.).any() & (supply > 0.).any()]
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positive_supply = supply[both]
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negative_supply = supply[both]
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positive_supply[positive_supply < 0.] = 0.
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negative_supply[negative_supply > 0.] = 0.
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supply[both] = positive_supply
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suffix = " charging"
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negative_supply.columns = negative_supply.columns + suffix
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supply = pd.concat((supply, negative_supply), axis=1)
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# 14-21.2 for flaute
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# 19-26.1 for flaute
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start = "2013-02-19"
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stop = "2013-02-26"
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threshold = 10e3
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to_drop = supply.columns[(abs(supply) < threshold).all()]
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if len(to_drop) != 0:
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print("dropping", to_drop)
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supply.drop(columns=to_drop, inplace=True)
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supply.index.name = None
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supply = supply / 1e3
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supply.rename(columns={"electricity": "electric demand",
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"heat": "heat demand"},
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inplace=True)
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supply.columns = supply.columns.str.replace("residential ", "")
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supply.columns = supply.columns.str.replace("services ", "")
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supply.columns = supply.columns.str.replace("urban decentral ", "decentral ")
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preferred_order = pd.Index(["electric demand",
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"transmission lines",
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"hydroelectricity",
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"hydro reservoir",
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"run of river",
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"pumped hydro storage",
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"CHP",
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"onshore wind",
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"offshore wind",
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"solar PV",
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"solar thermal",
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"building retrofitting",
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"ground heat pump",
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"air heat pump",
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"resistive heater",
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"OCGT",
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"gas boiler",
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"gas",
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"natural gas",
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"methanation",
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"hydrogen storage",
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"battery storage",
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"hot water storage"])
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new_columns = ((preferred_order & supply.columns)
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.append(supply.columns.difference(preferred_order)))
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supply = supply.groupby(supply.columns, axis=1).sum()
|
|
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
|
|
fig.set_size_inches((8, 5))
|
|
|
|
(supply.loc[start:stop, new_columns]
|
|
.plot(ax=ax, kind="area", stacked=True, linewidth=0.,
|
|
color=[snakemake.config['plotting']['tech_colors'][i.replace(suffix, "")]
|
|
for i in new_columns]))
|
|
|
|
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
|
|
|
|
handles.reverse()
|
|
labels.reverse()
|
|
|
|
new_handles = []
|
|
new_labels = []
|
|
|
|
for i, item in enumerate(labels):
|
|
if "charging" not in item:
|
|
new_handles.append(handles[i])
|
|
new_labels.append(labels[i])
|
|
|
|
ax.legend(new_handles, new_labels, ncol=3, loc="upper left")
|
|
ax.set_xlim([start, stop])
|
|
ax.set_ylim([-1300, 1900])
|
|
ax.grid(True)
|
|
ax.set_ylabel("Power [GW]")
|
|
fig.tight_layout()
|
|
|
|
fig.savefig("{}{}/maps/series-{}-{}-{}-{}-{}.pdf".format(
|
|
snakemake.config['results_dir'], snakemake.config['run'],
|
|
snakemake.wildcards["lv"],
|
|
carrier, start, stop, name),
|
|
transparent=True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# %%
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
# Detect running outside of snakemake and mock snakemake for testing
|
|
if 'snakemake' not in globals():
|
|
from vresutils import Dict
|
|
import yaml
|
|
snakemake = Dict()
|
|
with open('config.yaml') as f:
|
|
snakemake.config = yaml.safe_load(f)
|
|
snakemake.config['run'] = "retro_vs_noretro"
|
|
snakemake.wildcards = {"lv": "1.0"} # lv1.0, lv1.25, lvopt
|
|
name = "elec_s_48_lv{}__Co2L0-3H-T-H-B".format(snakemake.wildcards["lv"])
|
|
suffix = "_retro_tes"
|
|
name = name + suffix
|
|
snakemake.input = Dict()
|
|
snakemake.output = Dict(
|
|
map=(snakemake.config['results_dir'] + snakemake.config['run']
|
|
+ "/maps/{}".format(name)),
|
|
today=(snakemake.config['results_dir'] + snakemake.config['run']
|
|
+ "/maps/{}.pdf".format(name)))
|
|
snakemake.input.scenario = "lv" + snakemake.wildcards["lv"]
|
|
# snakemake.config["run"] = "bio_costs"
|
|
path = snakemake.config['results_dir'] + snakemake.config['run']
|
|
snakemake.input.network = (path +
|
|
"/postnetworks/{}.nc"
|
|
.format(name))
|
|
snakemake.output.network = (path +
|
|
"/maps/{}"
|
|
.format(name))
|
|
|
|
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network,
|
|
override_component_attrs=override_component_attrs)
|
|
|
|
plot_map(n, components=["generators", "links", "stores", "storage_units"],
|
|
bus_size_factor=1.5e10, transmission=False)
|
|
|
|
plot_h2_map(n)
|
|
plot_map_without(n)
|
|
|
|
#plot_series(n, carrier="AC", name=suffix)
|
|
#plot_series(n, carrier="heat", name=suffix)
|