options: biosng_cc, biomass_to_liquid_cc, 98% capture rate Allam gas,… (#1298)

* options: biosng_cc, biomass_to_liquid_cc, 98% capture rate Allam gas, avoid option.get

* fix duplicated bus port

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -693,8 +693,10 @@ sector:
   conventional_generation:
     OCGT: gas
   biomass_to_liquid: false
+  biomass_to_liquid_cc: false
   electrobiofuels: false
   biosng: false
+  biosng_cc: false
   bioH2: false
   municipal_solid_waste: false
   limit_max_growth:

doc/configtables/sector.csv

@@ -167,7 +167,9 @@ biomass_transport,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transporting solid biomass b
 biogas_upgrading_cc,--,"{true, false}",Add option to capture CO2 from biomass upgrading
 conventional_generation,,,Add a more detailed description of conventional carriers. Any power generation requires the consumption of fuel from nodes representing that fuel.
 biomass_to_liquid,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil
+biomass_to_liquid_cc,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil with carbon capture
 biosng,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas
+biosng_cc,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas with carbon capture
 bioH2,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into hydrogen with carbon capture
 municipal_solid_waste,--,"{true, false}",Add option for municipal solid waste
 limit_max_growth,,,

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ Upcoming Release
     defaults to 10 km. Previously the distance to the region's centroid was
     used, which is not practical when the regions are already aggregated.
 
+* Added options ``biosng_cc`` and ``biomass_to_liquid_cc`` to separate the base
+  technology from the option to capture carbon from it.
+
+* Added 98% imperfect capture rate of Allam cycle gas turbine.
+
 PyPSA-Eur 0.13.0 (13th September 2024)
 ======================================
 

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
 
     # ammonia
 
-    if options.get("ammonia"):
+    if options["ammonia"]:
         spatial.ammonia = SimpleNamespace()
-        if options.get("ammonia") == "regional":
+        if options["ammonia"] == "regional":
             spatial.ammonia.nodes = nodes + " NH3"
             spatial.ammonia.locations = nodes
         else:
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ def add_carrier_buses(n, carrier, nodes=None):
     )
 
     fossils = ["coal", "gas", "oil", "lignite"]
-    if options.get("fossil_fuels", True) and carrier in fossils:
+    if options["fossil_fuels"] and carrier in fossils:
 
         suffix = ""
 
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ def add_co2_network(n, costs):
     )
 
 
-def add_allam(n, costs):
+def add_allam_gas(n, costs):
     logger.info("Adding Allam cycle gas power plants.")
 
     nodes = pop_layout.index
@@ -758,17 +758,18 @@ def add_allam(n, costs):
     n.madd(
         "Link",
         nodes,
-        suffix=" allam",
+        suffix=" allam gas",
         bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
         bus1=nodes,
         bus2=spatial.co2.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
-        carrier="allam",
+        bus3="co2 atmosphere",
+        carrier="allam gas",
         p_nom_extendable=True,
-        # TODO: add costs to technology-data
         capital_cost=costs.at["allam", "fixed"] * costs.at["allam", "efficiency"],
         marginal_cost=costs.at["allam", "VOM"] * costs.at["allam", "efficiency"],
         efficiency=costs.at["allam", "efficiency"],
-        efficiency2=costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"],
+        efficiency2=0.98 * costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"],
+        efficiency3=0.02 * costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"],
         lifetime=costs.at["allam", "lifetime"],
     )
 
@@ -823,8 +824,10 @@ def add_biomass_to_methanol_cc(n, costs):
     )
 
 
-def add_methanol_to_power(n, costs, types={}):
-    # TODO: add costs to technology-data
+def add_methanol_to_power(n, costs, types=None):
+
+    if types is None:
+        types = {}
 
     nodes = pop_layout.index
 
@@ -1121,8 +1124,7 @@ def add_generation(n, costs):
 
     nodes = pop_layout.index
 
-    fallback = {"OCGT": "gas"}
-    conventionals = options.get("conventional_generation", fallback)
+    conventionals = options["conventional_generation"]
 
     for generator, carrier in conventionals.items():
         carrier_nodes = vars(spatial)[carrier].nodes
@@ -1564,7 +1566,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids(n, costs):
         complement_edges["length"] = complement_edges.apply(haversine, axis=1)
 
         # apply k_edge_augmentation weighted by length of complement edges
-        k_edge = options.get("gas_network_connectivity_upgrade", 3)
+        k_edge = options["gas_network_connectivity_upgrade"]
         if augmentation := list(
             k_edge_augmentation(G, k_edge, avail=complement_edges.values)
         ):
@@ -1612,7 +1614,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids(n, costs):
             lifetime=costs.at["H2 (g) pipeline repurposed", "lifetime"],
         )
 
-    if options.get("H2_network", True):
+    if options["H2_network"]:
         logger.info("Add options for new hydrogen pipelines.")
 
         h2_pipes = create_network_topology(
@@ -1682,7 +1684,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids(n, costs):
             bus2=spatial.co2.nodes,
             p_nom_extendable=True,
             carrier="Sabatier",
-            p_min_pu=options.get("min_part_load_methanation", 0),
+            p_min_pu=options["min_part_load_methanation"],
             efficiency=costs.at["methanation", "efficiency"],
             efficiency2=-costs.at["methanation", "efficiency"]
             * costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"],
@@ -1691,7 +1693,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids(n, costs):
             lifetime=costs.at["methanation", "lifetime"],
         )
 
-    if options.get("coal_cc"):
+    if options["coal_cc"]:
         n.madd(
             "Link",
             spatial.nodes,
@@ -1835,7 +1837,7 @@ def add_EVs(
         p_set=profile,
     )
 
-    p_nom = number_cars * options.get("bev_charge_rate", 0.011) * electric_share
+    p_nom = number_cars * options["bev_charge_rate"] * electric_share
 
     n.madd(
         "Link",
@@ -1847,7 +1849,7 @@ def add_EVs(
         carrier="BEV charger",
         p_max_pu=avail_profile[spatial.nodes],
         lifetime=1,
-        efficiency=options.get("bev_charge_efficiency", 0.9),
+        efficiency=options["bev_charge_efficiency"],
     )
 
     if options["v2g"]:
@@ -1861,13 +1863,13 @@ def add_EVs(
             carrier="V2G",
             p_max_pu=avail_profile[spatial.nodes],
             lifetime=1,
-            efficiency=options.get("bev_charge_efficiency", 0.9),
+            efficiency=options["bev_charge_efficiency"],
         )
 
     if options["bev_dsm"]:
         e_nom = (
             number_cars
-            * options.get("bev_energy", 0.05)
+            * options["bev_energy"]
             * options["bev_availability"]
             * electric_share
         )
@@ -2116,7 +2118,7 @@ def add_heat(n: pypsa.Network, costs: pd.DataFrame, cop: xr.DataArray):
             unit="MWh_th",
         )
 
-        if heat_system == HeatSystem.URBAN_CENTRAL and options.get("central_heat_vent"):
+        if heat_system == HeatSystem.URBAN_CENTRAL and options["central_heat_vent"]:
             n.madd(
                 "Generator",
                 nodes + f" {heat_system} heat vent",
@@ -2786,7 +2788,7 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
         p_nom_extendable=True,
     )
 
-    if options.get("biogas_upgrading_cc"):
+    if options["biogas_upgrading_cc"]:
         # Assuming for costs that the CO2 from upgrading is pure, such as in amine scrubbing. I.e., with and without CC is
         # equivalent. Adding biomass CHP capture because biogas is often small-scale and decentral so further
         # from e.g. CO2 grid or buyers. This is a proxy for the added cost for e.g. a raw biogas pipeline to a central upgrading facility
@@ -3034,6 +3036,8 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             marginal_cost=costs.at["BtL", "VOM"] * costs.at["BtL", "efficiency"],
         )
 
+    # Solid biomass to liquid fuel with carbon capture
+    if options["biomass_to_liquid_cc"]:
         # Assuming that acid gas removal (incl. CO2) from syngas i performed with Rectisol
         # process (Methanol) and that electricity demand for this is included in the base process
         n.madd(
@@ -3044,7 +3048,7 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             bus1=spatial.oil.nodes,
             bus2="co2 atmosphere",
             bus3=spatial.co2.nodes,
-            carrier="biomass to liquid",
+            carrier="biomass to liquid CC",
             lifetime=costs.at["BtL", "lifetime"],
             efficiency=costs.at["BtL", "efficiency"],
             efficiency2=-costs.at["solid biomass", "CO2 intensity"]
@@ -3112,6 +3116,8 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             marginal_cost=costs.at["BioSNG", "VOM"] * costs.at["BioSNG", "efficiency"],
         )
 
+    # BioSNG from solid biomass with carbon capture
+    if options["biosng_cc"]:
         # Assuming that acid gas removal (incl. CO2) from syngas i performed with Rectisol
         # process (Methanol) and that electricity demand for this is included in the base process
         n.madd(
@@ -3122,7 +3128,7 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             bus1=spatial.gas.nodes,
             bus2=spatial.co2.nodes,
             bus3="co2 atmosphere",
-            carrier="BioSNG",
+            carrier="BioSNG CC",
             lifetime=costs.at["BioSNG", "lifetime"],
             efficiency=costs.at["BioSNG", "efficiency"],
             efficiency2=costs.at["BioSNG", "CO2 stored"]
@@ -3162,10 +3168,6 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             * costs.at["solid biomass to hydrogen", "efficiency"]
             + costs.at["biomass CHP capture", "fixed"]
             * costs.at["solid biomass", "CO2 intensity"],
-            overnight_cost=costs.at["solid biomass to hydrogen", "investment"]
-            * costs.at["solid biomass to hydrogen", "efficiency"]
-            + costs.at["biomass CHP capture", "investment"]
-            * costs.at["solid biomass", "CO2 intensity"],
             marginal_cost=0.0,
         )
 
@@ -3356,7 +3358,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
         bus3=spatial.co2.nodes,
         carrier="methanolisation",
         p_nom_extendable=True,
-        p_min_pu=options.get("min_part_load_methanolisation", 0),
+        p_min_pu=options["min_part_load_methanolisation"],
         capital_cost=costs.at["methanolisation", "fixed"]
         * options["MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2"],  # EUR/MW_H2/a
         marginal_cost=options["MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2"]
@@ -3552,12 +3554,12 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
         efficiency2=-costs.at["oil", "CO2 intensity"]
         * costs.at["Fischer-Tropsch", "efficiency"],
         p_nom_extendable=True,
-        p_min_pu=options.get("min_part_load_fischer_tropsch", 0),
+        p_min_pu=options["min_part_load_fischer_tropsch"],
         lifetime=costs.at["Fischer-Tropsch", "lifetime"],
     )
 
     # naphtha
-    demand_factor = options.get("HVC_demand_factor", 1)
+    demand_factor = options["HVC_demand_factor"]
     if demand_factor != 1:
         logger.warning(f"Changing HVC demand by {demand_factor*100-100:+.2f}%.")
 
@@ -3630,7 +3632,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
             efficiency3=process_co2_per_naphtha,
         )
 
-        if options.get("biomass", True) and options["municipal_solid_waste"]:
+        if options["biomass"] and options["municipal_solid_waste"]:
             n.madd(
                 "Link",
                 spatial.msw.locations,
@@ -3722,7 +3724,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
         )
 
     # aviation
-    demand_factor = options.get("aviation_demand_factor", 1)
+    demand_factor = options["aviation_demand_factor"]
     if demand_factor != 1:
         logger.warning(f"Changing aviation demand by {demand_factor*100-100:+.2f}%.")
 
@@ -3862,7 +3864,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
         lifetime=costs.at["cement capture", "lifetime"],
     )
 
-    if options.get("ammonia"):
+    if options["ammonia"]:
         if options["ammonia"] == "regional":
             p_set = (
                 industrial_demand.loc[spatial.ammonia.locations, "ammonia"].rename(
@@ -4639,8 +4641,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     if options["co2network"]:
         add_co2_network(n, costs)
 
-    if options["allam_cycle"]:
-        add_allam(n, costs)
+    if options["allam_cycle_gas"]:
+        add_allam_gas(n, costs)
 
     n = set_temporal_aggregation(
         n, snakemake.params.time_resolution, snakemake.input.snapshot_weightings
@@ -4701,7 +4703,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         snakemake.params.planning_horizons[0] == investment_year
     )
 
-    if options.get("cluster_heat_buses", False) and not first_year_myopic:
+    if options["cluster_heat_buses"] and not first_year_myopic:
         cluster_heat_buses(n)
 
     maybe_adjust_costs_and_potentials(