add_electricity: Extend the assignment of max_hours

Snakefile

@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ rule add_electricity:
         regions="resources/regions_onshore.geojson",
         powerplants='resources/powerplants.csv',
         hydro_capacities='data/bundle/hydro_capacities.csv',
+        geth_hydro_capacities='data/geth2015_hydro_capacities.csv',
         opsd_load='data/bundle/time_series_60min_singleindex_filtered.csv',
         nuts3_shapes='resources/nuts3_shapes.geojson',
         **{'profile_' + t: "resources/profile_" + t + ".nc"

config.yaml

@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ renewable:
     cutout: europe-2013-era5
     carriers: [ror, PHS, hydro]
     PHS_max_hours: 6
+    hydro_max_hours: "energy_capacity_totals_by_country" # one of energy_capacity_totals_by_country,
+                                                         # estimate_by_large_installations or a float
 
 
 lines:

data/geth2015_hydro_capacities.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Table 25 from F. Geth et al., An overview of large-scale stationary electricity storage plants in Europe  (2015) 1212–1227
+country,n,p_nom_discharge,p_nom_charge,e_stor
+AT,19,4.051,3.246,132.41
+BE,3,1.301,1.196,5.71
+BG,3,1.399,0.93,11.13
+HR,3,0.281,0.246,2.34
+CY,0,-,-,-
+CZ,3,1.119,1.145,5.72
+DK,0,-,-,-
+EE,0,-,-,-
+FI     ,0,-,-,-
+FR,10,5.512,4.317,83.37
+DE,34,6.805,6.417,39.12
+GR,2,0.735,-,4.97
+HU,0,-,-,-
+IE,1,0.292,-,1.8
+IT,25,7.833,7.64,68.27
+LV,0,-,-,-
+LT,1,0.9,0.88,10.8
+LU,1,1.296,1.05,4.92
+MT,0,-,-,-
+NL,0,-,-,-
+PL,6,1.757,1.647,7.96
+PT,7,1.279,-,40.77
+RO,5,0.285,0.2,10.2
+SK,4,1.016,0.79,3.63
+SI,1,0.185,0.18,0.5
+ES,26,6.358,5.859,70
+SE,2,0.091,-,72.12
+GB,4,2.788,2.65,26.7
+NO,8,1.273,0.892,399.39
+CH,20,2.291,1.512,311.48

scripts/add_electricity.py

@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@ def attach_hydro(n, costs, ppl):
         has_pump=ppl.technology.str.contains('Pumped Storage')
     )
 
-    country = ppl.loc[ppl.has_inflow, 'bus'].map(n.buses.country)
+    country = ppl['bus'].map(n.buses.country)
     # distribute by p_nom in each country
     dist_key = ppl.loc[ppl.has_inflow, 'p_nom'].groupby(country).transform(normed)
 
     with xr.open_dataarray(snakemake.input.profile_hydro) as inflow:
         inflow_t = (
-            inflow.sel(countries=country.values)
+            inflow.sel(countries=country.loc[ppl.has_inflow].values)
             .rename({'countries': 'name'})
             .assign_coords(name=ppl.index[ppl.has_inflow])
             .transpose('time', 'name')
@@ -260,13 +260,24 @@ def attach_hydro(n, costs, ppl):
                inflow=inflow_t.loc[:, phs.index[phs.has_inflow]])
 
     if 'hydro' in carriers:
-        hydro = ppl.loc[ppl.has_store & ~ ppl.has_pump & ppl.has_inflow]
+        hydro = ppl.loc[ppl.has_store & ~ ppl.has_pump & ppl.has_inflow].join(country.rename('country'))
 
         hydro_max_hours = c.get('hydro_max_hours')
-        if hydro_max_hours is None:
+        if hydro_max_hours == 'energy_capacity_totals_by_country':
             hydro_e_country = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.hydro_capacities, index_col=0)["E_store[TWh]"].clip(lower=0.2)*1e6
-            hydro_max_hours_country = hydro_e_country / hydro.p_nom.groupby(country).sum()
+            hydro_max_hours_country = hydro_e_country / hydro.groupby('country').p_nom.sum()
-            hydro_max_hours = country.loc[hydro.index].map(hydro_max_hours_country)
+            hydro_max_hours = hydro.country.map(hydro_e_country / hydro.groupby('country').p_nom.sum())
+        elif hydro_max_hours == 'estimate_by_large_installations':
+            hydro_capacities = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.hydro_capacities, comment="#", na_values='-', index_col=0)
+            estim_hydro_max_hours = hydro_capacities.e_stor / hydro_capacities.p_nom_discharge
+
+            missing_countries = (pd.Index(hydro['country'].unique())
+                                .difference(estim_hydro_max_hours.dropna().index))
+            if not missing_countries.empty:
+                logger.warning("Assuming max_hours=6 for hydro reservoirs in the countries: {}"
+                            .format(", ".join(missing_countries)))
+
+            hydro_max_hours = hydro['country'].map(estim_hydro_max_hours).fillna(6)
 
         n.madd('StorageUnit', hydro.index, carrier='hydro',
                bus=hydro['bus'],