Limit sequestration to 200 Mt/a, introduce SMR, vent stored CO2

config.yaml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ logging_level: INFO
 
 results_dir: 'results/'
 summary_dir: results
-run: '190508-test_fossil'
+run: '190510-fix_fossil'
 
 scenario:
   sectors: [E] # ,E+EV,E+BEV,E+BEV+V2G] # [ E+EV, E+BEV, E+BEV+V2G ]
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ scenario:
   lv: [1.0]# or opt
   clusters: [128] #[90, 128, 181] #[45, 64, 90, 128, 181, 256] #, 362] # (2**np.r_[5.5:9:.5]).astype(int) minimum is 37
   opts: ['']  #for pypsa-eur
-  sector_opts: [Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p1-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p25-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3]#,Co2L0p05-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H]   #Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-HCo2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H] #Co2L-3H,Co2L-3H-T,, LC-FL, LC-T, Ep-T, Co2L-T]
+  sector_opts: [Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p1-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p25-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3]#,Co2L0p05-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H]   #Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-HCo2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H] #Co2L-3H,Co2L-3H-T,, LC-FL, LC-T, Ep-T, Co2L-T]
   # Co2L will give default (5%); Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
 
 
@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ sector:
   'methanation' : True
   'helmeth' : True
   'dac' : True
+  'co2_vent' : True
+  'SMR' : True
   'ccs_fraction' : 0.9
 
 
@@ -192,6 +194,8 @@ plotting:
     "gas-to-power/heat" : "orange"
     "gas" : "brown"
     "natural gas" : "brown"
+    "SMR" : "#4F4F2F"
+    "oil" : "#B5A642"
     "lines" : "k"
     "transmission lines" : "k"
     "H2" : "m"

data/costs.csv

@@ -100,6 +100,10 @@ helmeth,2030,investment,2000,EUR/kW,no source
 helmeth,2030,lifetime,25,years,no source
 helmeth,2030,FOM,3,%/year,no source
 helmeth,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release
+SMR,2030,investment,540.56,EUR/kWCH4,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030; GBP 466 exchange 1.16
+SMR,2030,lifetime,25,years,TODO
+SMR,2030,FOM,5.4,%/year,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030
+SMR,2030,efficiency,0.74,per unit,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030
 Fischer-Tropsch,2030,investment,677.6,EUR/kWH2,Fasihi doi:10.3390/su9020306 (60 kEUR/bpd = 847 EUR/kWL (1b = 1.7 MWh) 847*0.8 = 677.6)
 Fischer-Tropsch,2030,lifetime,30,years,doi:10.3390/su9020306
 Fischer-Tropsch,2030,FOM,3,%/year,doi:10.3390/su9020306

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -76,15 +76,23 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n):
     n.add("Bus","co2 stored",
           carrier="co2 stored")
 
-    #NB: can also be negative
-    #cost of 10 euro/tCO2 for whatever stays
     #TODO move cost to data/costs.csv
+    #TODO move maximum somewhere more transparent
     n.madd("Store",["co2 stored"],
            e_nom_extendable = True,
-           marginal_cost=-1000.,
+           e_nom_max=2e8,
+           capital_cost=20.,
            carrier="co2 stored",
            bus="co2 stored")
 
+    if options['co2_vent']:
+        n.madd("Link",["co2 vent"],
+               bus0="co2 stored",
+               bus1="co2 atmosphere",
+               carrier="co2 vent",
+               efficiency=1.,
+               p_nom_extendable=True)
+
     if options['dac']:
         #direct air capture consumes electricity to take CO2 from the air to the underground store
         #TODO do with cost from Breyer - later use elec and heat and capital cost
@@ -575,6 +583,20 @@ def add_storage(network):
                      capital_cost=costs.at["helmeth","fixed"])
 
 
+    if options['SMR']:
+        network.madd("Link",
+                     nodes + " SMR",
+                     bus0=["EU gas"]*len(nodes),
+                     bus1=nodes+" H2",
+                     bus2="co2 atmosphere",
+                     bus3="co2 stored",
+                     p_nom_extendable=True,
+                     carrier="SMR",
+                     efficiency=costs.at["SMR","efficiency"],
+                     efficiency2=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*(1-options["ccs_fraction"]),
+                     efficiency3=costs.at['gas','CO2 intensity']*options["ccs_fraction"],
+                     capital_cost=costs.at["SMR","fixed"])
+
 
 def add_transport(network):
     print("adding transport")