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Merge pull request #293 from PyPSA/linopy-integration

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Integrate linopy as solver framework
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Fabian Hofmann 2023-02-08 15:39:16 +01:00 committed by GitHub
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1 changed files with 81 additions and 119 deletions
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scripts/solve_network.py
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@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
"""Solve network.""" """Solve network."""
import pypsa import pypsa
import numpy as np import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from pypsa.linopt import get_var, linexpr, define_constraints
from pypsa.linopf import network_lopf, ilopf
from vresutils.benchmark import memory_logger from vresutils.benchmark import memory_logger
from helper import override_component_attrs, update_config_with_sector_opts from helper import override_component_attrs, update_config_with_sector_opts
import logging import logging
@ -71,15 +64,14 @@ def prepare_network(n, solve_opts=None):
df.where(df>solve_opts['clip_p_max_pu'], other=0., inplace=True) df.where(df>solve_opts['clip_p_max_pu'], other=0., inplace=True)
if solve_opts.get('load_shedding'): if solve_opts.get('load_shedding'):
# intersect between macroeconomic and surveybased willingness to pay
# http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2015.00055/full
n.add("Carrier", "Load") n.add("Carrier", "Load")
n.madd("Generator", n.buses.index, " load", n.madd("Generator", n.buses.index, " load",
bus=n.buses.index, bus=n.buses.index,
carrier='load', carrier='load',
sign=1e-3, # Adjust sign to measure p and p_nom in kW instead of MW sign=1e-3, # Adjust sign to measure p and p_nom in kW instead of MW
marginal_cost=1e2, # Eur/kWh marginal_cost=1e2, # Eur/kWh
# intersect between macroeconomic and surveybased
# willingness to pay
# http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenrg.2015.00055/full
p_nom=1e9 # kW p_nom=1e9 # kW
) )
@ -107,174 +99,144 @@ def prepare_network(n, solve_opts=None):
def add_battery_constraints(n): def add_battery_constraints(n):
"""
chargers_b = n.links.carrier.str.contains("battery charger") Add constraints to ensure that the ratio between the charger and
chargers = n.links.index[chargers_b & n.links.p_nom_extendable] discharger.
dischargers = chargers.str.replace("charger", "discharger") 1 * charger_size - efficiency * discharger_size = 0
"""
if chargers.empty or ('Link', 'p_nom') not in n.variables.index: nodes = n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier == "battery"]
if nodes.empty:
return return
link_p_nom = n.model["Link-p_nom"]
link_p_nom = get_var(n, "Link", "p_nom") eff = n.links.efficiency[nodes + " discharger"].values
lhs = link_p_nom.loc[nodes + ' charger'] - link_p_nom.loc[nodes + ' discharger'] * eff
lhs = linexpr((1,link_p_nom[chargers]), n.model.add_constraints(lhs == 0, name="Link-charger_ratio")
(-n.links.loc[dischargers, "efficiency"].values,
link_p_nom[dischargers].values))
define_constraints(n, lhs, "=", 0, 'Link', 'charger_ratio')
def add_chp_constraints(n): def add_chp_constraints(n):
electric_bool = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central") electric = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central")
& n.links.index.str.contains("CHP") & n.links.index.str.contains("CHP")
& n.links.index.str.contains("electric")) & n.links.index.str.contains("electric"))
heat_bool = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central") heat = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central")
& n.links.index.str.contains("CHP") & n.links.index.str.contains("CHP")
& n.links.index.str.contains("heat")) & n.links.index.str.contains("heat"))
electric = n.links.index[electric_bool] electric_ext = n.links[electric].query("p_nom_extendable").index
heat = n.links.index[heat_bool] heat_ext = n.links[heat].query("p_nom_extendable").index
electric_ext = n.links.index[electric_bool & n.links.p_nom_extendable] electric_fix = n.links[electric].query("~p_nom_extendable").index
heat_ext = n.links.index[heat_bool & n.links.p_nom_extendable] heat_fix = n.links[heat].query("~p_nom_extendable").index
electric_fix = n.links.index[electric_bool & ~n.links.p_nom_extendable] p = n.model["Link-p"] # dimension: [time, link]
heat_fix = n.links.index[heat_bool & ~n.links.p_nom_extendable]
link_p = get_var(n, "Link", "p")
# output ratio between heat and electricity and top_iso_fuel_line for extendable
if not electric_ext.empty: if not electric_ext.empty:
p_nom = n.model["Link-p_nom"]
link_p_nom = get_var(n, "Link", "p_nom") lhs = (p_nom.loc[electric_ext] * (n.links.p_nom_ratio * n.links.efficiency)[electric_ext].values -
p_nom.loc[heat_ext] * n.links.efficiency[heat_ext].values)
n.model.add_constraints(lhs == 0, name='chplink-fix_p_nom_ratio')
#ratio of output heat to electricity set by p_nom_ratio rename = {"Link-ext": "Link"}
lhs = linexpr((n.links.loc[electric_ext, "efficiency"] lhs = p.loc[:, electric_ext] + p.loc[:, heat_ext] - p_nom.rename(rename).loc[electric_ext]
*n.links.loc[electric_ext, "p_nom_ratio"], n.model.add_constraints(lhs <= 0, name='chplink-top_iso_fuel_line_ext')
link_p_nom[electric_ext]),
(-n.links.loc[heat_ext, "efficiency"].values,
link_p_nom[heat_ext].values))
define_constraints(n, lhs, "=", 0, 'chplink', 'fix_p_nom_ratio')
#top_iso_fuel_line for extendable
lhs = linexpr((1,link_p[heat_ext]),
(1,link_p[electric_ext].values),
(-1,link_p_nom[electric_ext].values))
define_constraints(n, lhs, "<=", 0, 'chplink', 'top_iso_fuel_line_ext')
# top_iso_fuel_line for fixed
if not electric_fix.empty: if not electric_fix.empty:
lhs = p.loc[:, electric_fix] + p.loc[:, heat_fix]
rhs = n.links.p_nom[electric_fix]
n.model.add_constraints(lhs <= rhs, name='chplink-top_iso_fuel_line_fix')
#top_iso_fuel_line for fixed # back-pressure
lhs = linexpr((1,link_p[heat_fix]),
(1,link_p[electric_fix].values))
rhs = n.links.loc[electric_fix, "p_nom"].values
define_constraints(n, lhs, "<=", rhs, 'chplink', 'top_iso_fuel_line_fix')
if not electric.empty: if not electric.empty:
lhs = (p.loc[:, heat] * (n.links.efficiency[heat] * n.links.c_b[electric].values) -
p.loc[:, electric] * n.links.efficiency[electric])
n.model.add_constraints(lhs <= rhs, name='chplink-backpressure')
#backpressure
lhs = linexpr((n.links.loc[electric, "c_b"].values
*n.links.loc[heat, "efficiency"],
link_p[heat]),
(-n.links.loc[electric, "efficiency"].values,
link_p[electric].values))
define_constraints(n, lhs, "<=", 0, 'chplink', 'backpressure')
def basename(x):
return x.split("-2")[0]
def add_pipe_retrofit_constraint(n): def add_pipe_retrofit_constraint(n):
"""Add constraint for retrofitting existing CH4 pipelines to H2 pipelines.""" """Add constraint for retrofitting existing CH4 pipelines to H2 pipelines."""
gas_pipes_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'gas pipeline' and p_nom_extendable").index gas_pipes_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'gas pipeline' and p_nom_extendable").index
h2_retrofitted_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'H2 pipeline retrofitted' and p_nom_extendable").index h2_retrofitted_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'H2 pipeline retrofitted' and p_nom_extendable").index
if h2_retrofitted_i.empty or gas_pipes_i.empty: return if h2_retrofitted_i.empty or gas_pipes_i.empty:
return
link_p_nom = get_var(n, "Link", "p_nom") p_nom = n.model["Link-p_nom"]
CH4_per_H2 = 1 / n.config["sector"]["H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4"] CH4_per_H2 = 1 / n.config["sector"]["H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4"]
fr = "H2 pipeline retrofitted" lhs = p_nom.loc[gas_pipes_i] + CH4_per_H2 * p_nom.loc[h2_retrofitted_i]
to = "gas pipeline" rhs = n.links.p_nom[gas_pipes_i].rename_axis("Link-ext")
pipe_capacity = n.links.loc[gas_pipes_i, 'p_nom'].rename(basename) n.model.add_constraints(lhs == rhs, name='Link-pipe_retrofit')
lhs = linexpr(
(CH4_per_H2, link_p_nom.loc[h2_retrofitted_i].rename(index=lambda x: x.replace(fr, to))),
(1, link_p_nom.loc[gas_pipes_i])
)
lhs.rename(basename, inplace=True)
define_constraints(n, lhs, "=", pipe_capacity, 'Link', 'pipe_retrofit')
def add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, sns): def add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, sns):
co2_stores = n.stores.loc[n.stores.carrier=='co2 stored'].index co2_stores = n.stores.loc[n.stores.carrier=='co2 stored'].index
if co2_stores.empty or ('Store', 'e') not in n.variables.index: if co2_stores.empty or 'Store-e' not in n.model.variables:
return return
vars_final_co2_stored = get_var(n, 'Store', 'e').loc[sns[-1], co2_stores]
lhs = linexpr((1, vars_final_co2_stored)).sum()
limit = n.config["sector"].get("co2_sequestration_potential", 200) * 1e6 limit = n.config["sector"].get("co2_sequestration_potential", 200) * 1e6
for o in opts: for o in opts:
if not "seq" in o: continue if not "seq" in o: continue
limit = float(o[o.find("seq")+3:]) * 1e6 limit = float(o[o.find("seq")+3:]) * 1e6
break break
name = 'co2_sequestration_limit' n.add("GlobalConstraint", 'co2_sequestration_limit', sense="<=", constant=limit,
sense = "<=" type=np.nan, carrier_attribute="co2 stored")
n.add("GlobalConstraint", name, sense=sense, constant=limit,
type=np.nan, carrier_attribute=np.nan)
define_constraints(n, lhs, sense, limit, 'GlobalConstraint',
'mu', axes=pd.Index([name]), spec=name)
def extra_functionality(n, snapshots): def extra_functionality(n, snapshots):
add_battery_constraints(n) add_battery_constraints(n)
add_pipe_retrofit_constraint(n) add_pipe_retrofit_constraint(n)
add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, snapshots) # add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, snapshots)
def solve_network(n, config, opts='', **kwargs): def solve_network(n, config, opts="", **kwargs):
options = config['solving']['solver']['options'] options = config['solving']['solver']['options']
solver_options = config['solving']["solver_options"][options] if options else None solver_options = config['solving']["solver_options"][options] if options else None
solver_name = config['solving']['solver']['name'] solver_name = config['solving']['solver']['name']
cf_solving = config['solving']['options'] cf_solving = config["solving"]["options"]
track_iterations = cf_solving.get('track_iterations', False) track_iterations = cf_solving.get("track_iterations", False)
min_iterations = cf_solving.get('min_iterations', 4) min_iterations = cf_solving.get("min_iterations", 4)
max_iterations = cf_solving.get('max_iterations', 6) max_iterations = cf_solving.get("max_iterations", 6)
keep_shadowprices = cf_solving.get('keep_shadowprices', True)
# add to network for extra_functionality # add to network for extra_functionality
n.config = config n.config = config
n.opts = opts n.opts = opts
if cf_solving.get('skip_iterations', False): skip_iterations = cf_solving.get("skip_iterations", False)
network_lopf(n, solver_name=solver_name, solver_options=solver_options, if not n.lines.s_nom_extendable.any():
extra_functionality=extra_functionality, skip_iterations = True
keep_shadowprices=keep_shadowprices, **kwargs) logger.info("No expandable lines found. Skipping iterative solving.")
if skip_iterations:
n.optimize(
solver_name=solver_name,
solver_options=solver_options,
extra_functionality=extra_functionality,
**kwargs,
)
else: else:
ilopf(n, solver_name=solver_name, solver_options=solver_options, n.optimize.optimize_transmission_expansion_iteratively(
track_iterations=track_iterations, solver_name=solver_name,
min_iterations=min_iterations, solver_options=solver_options,
max_iterations=max_iterations, track_iterations=track_iterations,
extra_functionality=extra_functionality, min_iterations=min_iterations,
keep_shadowprices=keep_shadowprices, max_iterations=max_iterations,
**kwargs) extra_functionality=extra_functionality,
**kwargs,
)
return n return n
if __name__ == "__main__": if __name__ == "__main__":
if 'snakemake' not in globals(): if 'snakemake' not in globals():
from helper import mock_snakemake from helper import mock_snakemake
@ -282,10 +244,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
'solve_network', 'solve_network',
simpl='', simpl='',
opts="", opts="",
clusters="37", clusters="45",
lv=1.0, lv=1.0,
sector_opts='168H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1', sector_opts='Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1',
planning_horizons="2030", planning_horizons="2050",
) )
logging.basicConfig(filename=snakemake.log.python, logging.basicConfig(filename=snakemake.log.python,