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@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
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from typing import Union
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import xarray as xr
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import numpy as np
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import xarray as xr
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class BaseCopApproximator(ABC):
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"""
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Abstract class for approximating the coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump."""
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Abstract class for approximating the coefficient of performance (COP) of a
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heat pump.
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"""
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def __init__(
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self,
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forward_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array],
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@ -26,7 +32,8 @@ class BaseCopApproximator(ABC):
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@abstractmethod
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def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""Approximate heat pump coefficient of performance (COP).
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"""
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Approximate heat pump coefficient of performance (COP).
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Returns:
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-------
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@ -35,27 +42,38 @@ class BaseCopApproximator(ABC):
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"""
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pass
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def celsius_to_kelvin(t_celsius: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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def celsius_to_kelvin(
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t_celsius: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]
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) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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if (np.asarray(t_celsius) > 200).any():
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raise ValueError("t_celsius > 200. Are you sure you are using the right units?")
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raise ValueError(
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"t_celsius > 200. Are you sure you are using the right units?"
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)
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return t_celsius + 273.15
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def logarithmic_mean(t_hot: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray], t_cold: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]:
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def logarithmic_mean(
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t_hot: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray],
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t_cold: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray],
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) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]:
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if (np.asarray(t_hot <= t_cold)).any():
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raise ValueError("t_hot must be greater than t_cold")
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return (t_hot - t_cold) / np.log(t_hot / t_cold)
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@staticmethod
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def celsius_to_kelvin(t_celsius: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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def celsius_to_kelvin(
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t_celsius: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]
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) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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if (np.asarray(t_celsius) > 200).any():
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raise ValueError("t_celsius > 200. Are you sure you are using the right units?")
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raise ValueError(
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"t_celsius > 200. Are you sure you are using the right units?"
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)
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return t_celsius + 273.15
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@staticmethod
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def logarithmic_mean(t_hot: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray], t_cold: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]:
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def logarithmic_mean(
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t_hot: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray],
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t_cold: Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray],
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) -> Union[float, xr.DataArray, np.ndarray]:
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if (np.asarray(t_hot <= t_cold)).any():
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raise ValueError("t_hot must be greater than t_cold")
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return (t_hot - t_cold) / np.log(t_hot / t_cold)
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@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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from typing import Union
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import xarray as xr
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import numpy as np
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import numpy as np
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import xarray as xr
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from BaseCopApproximator import BaseCopApproximator
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class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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"""
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Approximate the coefficient of performance (COP) for a heat pump in a central heating system (district heating).
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Approximate the coefficient of performance (COP) for a heat pump in a
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central heating system (district heating).
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Uses an approximation method proposed by Jensen et al. (2018) and default parameters from Pieper et al. (2020).
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The method is based on a thermodynamic heat pump model with some hard-to-know parameters being approximated.
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Uses an approximation method proposed by Jensen et al. (2018) and
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default parameters from Pieper et al. (2020). The method is based on
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a thermodynamic heat pump model with some hard-to-know parameters
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being approximated.
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"""
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def __init__(
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@ -42,11 +47,19 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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heat_loss : float, optional
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The heat loss, by default 0.0.
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"""
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self.t_source_in_kelvin = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(source_inlet_temperature_celsius)
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self.t_sink_out_kelvin = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(forward_temperature_celsius)
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self.t_source_in_kelvin = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(
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source_inlet_temperature_celsius
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)
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self.t_sink_out_kelvin = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(
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forward_temperature_celsius
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)
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self.t_sink_in_kelvin = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(return_temperature_celsius)
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self.t_source_out = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(source_outlet_temperature_celsius)
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self.t_sink_in_kelvin = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(
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return_temperature_celsius
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)
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self.t_source_out = BaseCopApproximator.celsius_to_kelvin(
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source_outlet_temperature_celsius
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)
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self.isentropic_efficiency_compressor_kelvin = isentropic_compressor_efficiency
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self.heat_loss = heat_loss
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@ -87,14 +100,17 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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@property
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def t_sink_mean_kelvin(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference between the cold and hot sinks.
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Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference between the cold
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and hot sinks.
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Returns
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-------
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Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]
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The mean temperature difference.
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"""
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return BaseCopApproximator.logarithmic_mean(t_cold=self.t_sink_in_kelvin, t_hot=self.t_sink_out_kelvin)
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return BaseCopApproximator.logarithmic_mean(
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t_cold=self.t_sink_in_kelvin, t_hot=self.t_sink_out_kelvin
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)
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@property
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def t_source_mean_kelvin(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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@ -106,12 +122,15 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]
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The mean temperature of the heat source.
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"""
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return BaseCopApproximator.logarithmic_mean(t_hot=self.t_source_in_kelvin, t_cold=self.t_source_out)
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return BaseCopApproximator.logarithmic_mean(
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t_hot=self.t_source_in_kelvin, t_cold=self.t_source_out
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)
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@property
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def delta_t_lift(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Calculate the temperature lift as the difference between the logarithmic sink and source temperatures.
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Calculate the temperature lift as the difference between the
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logarithmic sink and source temperatures.
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Returns
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-------
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@ -132,14 +151,14 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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-------
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np.array
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The ideal Lorenz COP.
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"""
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return self.t_sink_mean_kelvin / self.delta_t_lift
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@property
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def delta_t_refrigerant_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Calculate the temperature difference between the refrigerant source inlet and outlet.
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Calculate the temperature difference between the refrigerant source
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inlet and outlet.
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Returns
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-------
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@ -153,7 +172,8 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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@property
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def delta_t_refrigerant_sink(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Temperature difference between the refrigerant and the sink based on approximation.
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Temperature difference between the refrigerant and the sink based on
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approximation.
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Returns
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-------
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@ -165,7 +185,8 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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@property
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def ratio_evaporation_compression_work(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Calculate the ratio of evaporation to compression work based on approximation.
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Calculate the ratio of evaporation to compression work based on
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approximation.
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Returns
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-------
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@ -190,7 +211,8 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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self, delta_t_source: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]
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) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Approximates the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the source.
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Approximates the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the
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source.
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Parameters
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----------
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@ -212,7 +234,8 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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c: float = {"ammonia": 0.016, "isobutane": 2.4},
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) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Approximates the temperature difference between the refrigerant and heat sink.
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Approximates the temperature difference between the refrigerant and
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heat sink.
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Parameters:
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----------
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@ -236,7 +259,6 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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The approximate temperature difference at the refrigerant sink is calculated using the following formula:
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a * (t_sink_out - t_source_out + 2 * delta_t_pinch) + b * delta_t_sink + c
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"""
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if refrigerant not in a.keys():
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raise ValueError(
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@ -292,4 +314,3 @@ class CentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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+ b[refrigerant] * self.delta_t_sink
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+ c[refrigerant]
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)
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@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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from typing import Union
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import xarray as xr
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import numpy as np
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import numpy as np
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import xarray as xr
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from BaseCopApproximator import BaseCopApproximator
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class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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"""
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Approximate the coefficient of performance (COP) for a heat pump in a decentral heating system (individual/household heating).
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Approximate the coefficient of performance (COP) for a heat pump in a
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decentral heating system (individual/household heating).
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Uses a quadratic regression on the temperature difference between the source and sink based on empirical data proposed by Staffell et al. 2012 .
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@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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self,
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forward_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array],
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source_inlet_temperature_celsius: Union[xr.DataArray, np.array],
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source_type: str
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source_type: str,
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):
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"""
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Initialize the COPProfileBuilder object.
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@ -45,9 +47,11 @@ class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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def approximate_cop(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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"""
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Compute output of quadratic regression for air-/ground-source heat pumps.
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Compute output of quadratic regression for air-/ground-source heat
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pumps.
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Calls the appropriate method depending on `source`."""
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Calls the appropriate method depending on `source`.
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"""
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if self.source_type == "air":
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return self._approximate_cop_air_source()
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elif self.source_type == "soil":
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@ -62,7 +66,8 @@ class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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Returns
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-------
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Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]
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The calculated COP values."""
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The calculated COP values.
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"""
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return 6.81 - 0.121 * self.delta_t + 0.000630 * self.delta_t**2
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def _approximate_cop_ground_source(self) -> Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]:
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@ -74,6 +79,6 @@ class DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(BaseCopApproximator):
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Returns
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-------
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Union[xr.DataArray, np.array]
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The calculated COP values."""
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The calculated COP values.
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"""
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return 8.77 - 0.150 * self.delta_t + 0.000734 * self.delta_t**2
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@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import xarray as xr
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import numpy as np
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import xarray as xr
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from _helpers import set_scenario_config
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from CentralHeatingCopApproximator import CentralHeatingCopApproximator
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from DecentralHeatingCopApproximator import DecentralHeatingCopApproximator
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from _helpers import set_scenario_config
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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if "snakemake" not in globals():
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@ -20,23 +21,28 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
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for source_type in ["air", "soil"]:
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# source inlet temperature (air/soil) is based on weather data
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source_inlet_temperature_celsius = xr.open_dataarray(snakemake.input[f"temp_{source_type}_total"])
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source_inlet_temperature_celsius = xr.open_dataarray(
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snakemake.input[f"temp_{source_type}_total"]
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)
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# Approximate COP for decentral (individual) heating
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cop_individual_heating = DecentralHeatingCopApproximator(
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forward_temperature_celsius=snakemake.params.heat_pump_sink_T_decentral_heating,
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source_inlet_temperature_celsius=source_inlet_temperature_celsius,
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source_type=source_type
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source_type=source_type,
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).approximate_cop()
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cop_individual_heating.to_netcdf(snakemake.output[f"cop_{source_type}_decentral_heating"])
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cop_individual_heating.to_netcdf(
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snakemake.output[f"cop_{source_type}_decentral_heating"]
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)
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# Approximate COP for central (district) heating
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cop_central_heating = CentralHeatingCopApproximator(
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forward_temperature_celsius=snakemake.params.forward_temperature_central_heating,
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return_temperature_celsius=snakemake.params.return_temperature_central_heating,
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source_inlet_temperature_celsius=source_inlet_temperature_celsius,
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source_outlet_temperature_celsius=source_inlet_temperature_celsius - snakemake.params.heat_source_cooling_central_heating,
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source_outlet_temperature_celsius=source_inlet_temperature_celsius
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- snakemake.params.heat_source_cooling_central_heating,
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).approximate_cop()
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cop_central_heating.to_netcdf(snakemake.output[f"cop_{source_type}_central_heating"])
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cop_central_heating.to_netcdf(
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snakemake.output[f"cop_{source_type}_central_heating"]
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)
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