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Merge branch 'master' into dac-location-consistency

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Fabian Hofmann 2024-01-26 23:22:21 +01:00 committed by GitHub
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1
.git-blame-ignore-revs
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@ -6,3 +6,4 @@
5d1ef8a64055a039aa4a0834d2d26fe7752fe9a0
92080b1cd2ca5f123158571481722767b99c2b27
13769f90af4500948b0376d57df4cceaa13e78b5
9865a970893d9e515786f33c629b14f71645bf1e

21
doc/plotting.rst
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@ -22,7 +22,22 @@ Rule ``plot_summary``
.. _map_plot:
Rule ``plot_network``
========================
Rule ``plot_power_network``
===========================
.. automodule:: plot_network
.. automodule:: plot_power_network
Rule ``plot_power_network_perfect``
===================================
.. automodule:: plot_power_network_perfect
Rule ``plot_hydrogen_network``
==============================
.. automodule:: plot_hydrogen_network
Rule ``plot_gas_network``
=========================
.. automodule:: plot_gas_network

23
doc/release_notes.rst
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@ -28,6 +28,26 @@ Upcoming Release
* Cluster residential and services heat buses by default. Can be disabled with ``cluster_heat_buses: false``.
* Bugfix: Do not reduce district heat share when building population-weighted
energy statistics. Previously the district heating share was being multiplied
by the population weighting, reducing the DH share with multiple nodes.
* Move building of daily heat profile to its own rule
:mod:`build_hourly_heat_demand` from :mod:`prepare_sector_network`.
* In :mod:`build_energy_totals`, district heating shares are now reported in a
separate file.
* Move calculation of district heating share to its own rule
:mod:`build_district_heat_share`.
* Move building of distribution of existing heating to own rule
:mod:`build_existing_heating_distribution`. This makes the distribution of
existing heating to urban/rural, residential/services and spatially more
transparent.
* Bugfix: Correctly read out number of solver threads from configuration file.
* Air-sourced heat pumps can now also be built in rural areas. Previously, only
ground-sourced heat pumps were considered for this category.
@ -39,6 +59,9 @@ Upcoming Release
* The order of buses (bus0, bus1, ...) for DAC components has changed to meet the convention of the other components. Therefore, `bus0` refers to the electricity bus (input), `bus1` to the heat bus (input), 'bus2' to the CO2 atmosphere bus (input), and `bus3` to the CO2 storage bus (output).
* The rule ``plot_network`` has been split into separate rules for plotting
electricity, hydrogen and gas networks.
PyPSA-Eur 0.9.0 (5th January 2024)
==================================

20
doc/sector.rst
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@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ Rule ``add_existing_baseyear``
.. automodule:: add_existing_baseyear
Rule ``build_existing_heating_distribution``
==============================================================================
.. automodule:: build_existing_heating_distribution
Rule ``build_ammonia_production``
==============================================================================
@ -60,10 +66,20 @@ Rule ``build_gas_network``
.. automodule:: build_gas_network
Rule ``build_heat_demand``
Rule ``build_daily_heat_demand``
==============================================================================
.. automodule:: build_heat_demand
.. automodule:: build_daily_heat_demand
Rule ``build_hourly_heat_demand``
==============================================================================
.. automodule:: build_hourly_heat_demand
Rule ``build_district_heat_share``
==============================================================================
.. automodule:: build_district_heat_share
Rule ``build_industrial_distribution_key``
==============================================================================

60
rules/build_sector.smk
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@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ rule cluster_gas_network:
"../scripts/cluster_gas_network.py"
rule build_heat_demands:
rule build_daily_heat_demand:
params:
snapshots={k: config["snapshots"][k] for k in ["start", "end", "inclusive"]},
input:
@ -131,18 +131,39 @@ rule build_heat_demands:
regions_onshore=RESOURCES + "regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson",
cutout="cutouts/" + CDIR + config["atlite"]["default_cutout"] + ".nc",
output:
heat_demand=RESOURCES + "heat_demand_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
heat_demand=RESOURCES + "daily_heat_demand_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
resources:
mem_mb=20000,
threads: 8
log:
LOGS + "build_heat_demands_{scope}_{simpl}_{clusters}.loc",
LOGS + "build_daily_heat_demand_{scope}_{simpl}_{clusters}.loc",
benchmark:
BENCHMARKS + "build_heat_demands/{scope}_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
BENCHMARKS + "build_daily_heat_demand/{scope}_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/build_heat_demand.py"
"../scripts/build_daily_heat_demand.py"
rule build_hourly_heat_demand:
params:
snapshots={k: config["snapshots"][k] for k in ["start", "end", "inclusive"]},
input:
heat_profile="data/heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv",
heat_demand=RESOURCES + "daily_heat_demand_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
output:
heat_demand=RESOURCES + "hourly_heat_demand_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
resources:
mem_mb=2000,
threads: 8
log:
LOGS + "build_hourly_heat_demand_{scope}_{simpl}_{clusters}.loc",
benchmark:
BENCHMARKS + "build_hourly_heat_demand/{scope}_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py"
rule build_temperature_profiles:
@ -235,6 +256,7 @@ rule build_energy_totals:
energy_name=RESOURCES + "energy_totals.csv",
co2_name=RESOURCES + "co2_totals.csv",
transport_name=RESOURCES + "transport_data.csv",
district_heat_share=RESOURCES + "district_heat_share.csv",
threads: 16
resources:
mem_mb=10000,
@ -688,6 +710,26 @@ rule build_transport_demand:
"../scripts/build_transport_demand.py"
rule build_district_heat_share:
params:
sector=config["sector"],
input:
district_heat_share=RESOURCES + "district_heat_share.csv",
clustered_pop_layout=RESOURCES + "pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
output:
district_heat_share=RESOURCES
+ "district_heat_share_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
threads: 1
resources:
mem_mb=1000,
log:
LOGS + "build_district_heat_share_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log",
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/build_district_heat_share.py"
rule prepare_sector_network:
params:
co2_budget=config["co2_budget"],
@ -727,7 +769,6 @@ rule prepare_sector_network:
if config["foresight"] == "overnight"
else RESOURCES
+ "biomass_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
heat_profile="data/heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv",
costs="data/costs_{}.csv".format(config["costs"]["year"])
if config["foresight"] == "overnight"
else "data/costs_{planning_horizons}.csv",
@ -740,9 +781,10 @@ rule prepare_sector_network:
simplified_pop_layout=RESOURCES + "pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}.csv",
industrial_demand=RESOURCES
+ "industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
heat_demand_urban=RESOURCES + "heat_demand_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
heat_demand_rural=RESOURCES + "heat_demand_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
heat_demand_total=RESOURCES + "heat_demand_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
hourly_heat_demand_total=RESOURCES
+ "hourly_heat_demand_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
district_heat_share=RESOURCES
+ "district_heat_share_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
temp_soil_total=RESOURCES + "temp_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_rural=RESOURCES + "temp_soil_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_urban=RESOURCES + "temp_soil_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",

10
rules/collect.smk
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@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ localrules:
prepare_sector_networks,
solve_elec_networks,
solve_sector_networks,
plot_networks,
rule cluster_networks:
@ -69,15 +68,6 @@ rule solve_sector_networks_perfect:
),
rule plot_networks:
input:
expand(
RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
**config["scenario"]
),
rule validate_elec_networks:
input:
expand(

105
rules/postprocess.smk
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2023-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
@ -9,9 +9,27 @@ localrules:
if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
rule plot_network:
rule plot_power_network_clustered:
params:
plotting=config["plotting"],
input:
network=RESOURCES + "networks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
regions_onshore=RESOURCES
+ "regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson",
output:
map=RESULTS + "maps/power-network-s{simpl}-{clusters}.pdf",
threads: 1
resources:
mem_mb=4000,
benchmark:
BENCHMARKS + "plot_power_network_clustered/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/plot_power_network_clustered.py"
rule plot_power_network:
params:
foresight=config["foresight"],
plotting=config["plotting"],
input:
network=RESULTS
@ -20,27 +38,70 @@ if config["foresight"] != "perfect":
output:
map=RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
today=RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-today.pdf",
threads: 2
resources:
mem_mb=10000,
benchmark:
(
BENCHMARKS
+ "plot_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
+ "plot_power_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
)
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/plot_network.py"
"../scripts/plot_power_network.py"
rule plot_hydrogen_network:
params:
plotting=config["plotting"],
input:
network=RESULTS
+ "postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
regions=RESOURCES + "regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson",
output:
map=RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
threads: 2
resources:
mem_mb=10000,
benchmark:
(
BENCHMARKS
+ "plot_hydrogen_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
)
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/plot_hydrogen_network.py"
rule plot_gas_network:
params:
plotting=config["plotting"],
input:
network=RESULTS
+ "postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
regions=RESOURCES + "regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson",
output:
map=RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-ch4_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
threads: 2
resources:
mem_mb=10000,
benchmark:
(
BENCHMARKS
+ "plot_gas_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
)
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/plot_gas_network.py"
if config["foresight"] == "perfect":
rule plot_network:
rule plot_power_network_perfect:
params:
foresight=config["foresight"],
plotting=config["plotting"],
input:
network=RESULTS
@ -62,7 +123,7 @@ if config["foresight"] == "perfect":
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/plot_network.py"
"../scripts/plot_power_network_perfect.py"
rule copy_config:
@ -89,6 +150,10 @@ rule make_summary:
scenario=config["scenario"],
RDIR=RDIR,
input:
expand(
RESULTS + "maps/power-network-s{simpl}-{clusters}.pdf",
**config["scenario"]
),
networks=expand(
RESULTS
+ "postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
@ -97,11 +162,29 @@ rule make_summary:
costs="data/costs_{}.csv".format(config["costs"]["year"])
if config["foresight"] == "overnight"
else "data/costs_{}.csv".format(config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"][0]),
plots=expand(
ac_plot=expand(
RESULTS + "maps/power-network-s{simpl}-{clusters}.pdf",
**config["scenario"]
),
costs_plot=expand(
RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
**config["scenario"]
),
h2_plot=expand(
RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-h2_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf"
if config["sector"]["H2_network"]
else [],
**config["scenario"]
),
ch4_plot=expand(
RESULTS
+ "maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_l{ll}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-ch4_network_{planning_horizons}.pdf"
if config["sector"]["gas_network"]
else [],
**config["scenario"]
),
output:
nodal_costs=RESULTS + "csvs/nodal_costs.csv",
nodal_capacities=RESULTS + "csvs/nodal_capacities.csv",

39
rules/solve_myopic.smk
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@ -1,8 +1,42 @@
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2023-4 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
rule build_existing_heating_distribution:
params:
baseyear=config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"][0],
sector=config["sector"],
existing_capacities=config["existing_capacities"],
input:
existing_heating="data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv",
clustered_pop_layout=RESOURCES + "pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
clustered_pop_energy_layout=RESOURCES
+ "pop_weighted_energy_totals_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
district_heat_share=RESOURCES
+ "district_heat_share_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
output:
existing_heating_distribution=RESOURCES
+ "existing_heating_distribution_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
wildcard_constraints:
planning_horizons=config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"][0], #only applies to baseyear
threads: 1
resources:
mem_mb=2000,
log:
LOGS
+ "build_existing_heating_distribution_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.log",
benchmark:
(
BENCHMARKS
+ "build_existing_heating_distribution/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}"
)
conda:
"../envs/environment.yaml"
script:
"../scripts/build_existing_heating_distribution.py"
rule add_existing_baseyear:
params:
baseyear=config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"][0],
@ -19,7 +53,8 @@ rule add_existing_baseyear:
costs="data/costs_{}.csv".format(config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"][0]),
cop_soil_total=RESOURCES + "cop_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_total=RESOURCES + "cop_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
existing_heating="data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv",
existing_heating_distribution=RESOURCES
+ "existing_heating_distribution_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
existing_solar="data/existing_infrastructure/solar_capacity_IRENA.csv",
existing_onwind="data/existing_infrastructure/onwind_capacity_IRENA.csv",
existing_offwind="data/existing_infrastructure/offwind_capacity_IRENA.csv",

2
rules/solve_perfect.smk
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@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ rule add_existing_baseyear:
costs="data/costs_{}.csv".format(config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"][0]),
cop_soil_total=RESOURCES + "cop_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_total=RESOURCES + "cop_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
existing_heating_distribution=RESOURCES
+ "existing_heating_distribution_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
existing_heating="data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv",
existing_solar="data/existing_infrastructure/solar_capacity_IRENA.csv",
existing_onwind="data/existing_infrastructure/onwind_capacity_IRENA.csv",

139
scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py
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@ -409,97 +409,18 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
# file: "WP2_DataAnnex_1_BuildingTechs_ForPublication_201603.xls" -> "existing_heating_raw.csv".
# TODO start from original file
# retrieve existing heating capacities
techs = [
"gas boiler",
"oil boiler",
"resistive heater",
"air heat pump",
"ground heat pump",
]
df = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.existing_heating, index_col=0, header=0)
# data for Albania, Montenegro and Macedonia not included in database
df.loc["Albania"] = np.nan
df.loc["Montenegro"] = np.nan
df.loc["Macedonia"] = np.nan
df.fillna(0.0, inplace=True)
# convert GW to MW
df *= 1e3
df.index = cc.convert(df.index, to="iso2")
# coal and oil boilers are assimilated to oil boilers
df["oil boiler"] = df["oil boiler"] + df["coal boiler"]
df.drop(["coal boiler"], axis=1, inplace=True)
# distribute technologies to nodes by population
pop_layout = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.clustered_pop_layout, index_col=0)
nodal_df = df.loc[pop_layout.ct]
nodal_df.index = pop_layout.index
nodal_df = nodal_df.multiply(pop_layout.fraction, axis=0)
# split existing capacities between residential and services
# proportional to energy demand
p_set_sum = n.loads_t.p_set.sum()
ratio_residential = pd.Series(
[
(
p_set_sum[f"{node} residential rural heat"]
/ (
p_set_sum[f"{node} residential rural heat"]
+ p_set_sum[f"{node} services rural heat"]
)
)
# if rural heating demand for one of the nodes doesn't exist,
# then columns were dropped before and heating demand share should be 0.0
if all(
f"{node} {service} rural heat" in p_set_sum.index
for service in ["residential", "services"]
)
else 0.0
for node in nodal_df.index
],
index=nodal_df.index,
existing_heating = pd.read_csv(
snakemake.input.existing_heating_distribution, header=[0, 1], index_col=0
)
for tech in techs:
nodal_df["residential " + tech] = nodal_df[tech] * ratio_residential
nodal_df["services " + tech] = nodal_df[tech] * (1 - ratio_residential)
techs = existing_heating.columns.get_level_values(1).unique()
names = [
"residential rural",
"services rural",
"residential urban decentral",
"services urban decentral",
"urban central",
]
nodes = {}
p_nom = {}
for name in names:
for name in existing_heating.columns.get_level_values(0).unique():
name_type = "central" if name == "urban central" else "decentral"
nodes[name] = pd.Index(
[
n.buses.at[index, "location"]
for index in n.buses.index[
n.buses.index.str.contains(name)
& n.buses.index.str.contains("heat")
]
]
)
heat_pump_type = "air" if "urban" in name else "ground"
heat_type = "residential" if "residential" in name else "services"
if name == "urban central":
p_nom[name] = nodal_df["air heat pump"][nodes[name]]
else:
p_nom[name] = nodal_df[f"{heat_type} {heat_pump_type} heat pump"][
nodes[name]
]
nodes = pd.Index(n.buses.location[n.buses.index.str.contains(f"{name} heat")])
heat_pump_type = "air" if "urban" in name else "ground"
# Add heat pumps
costs_name = f"decentral {heat_pump_type}-sourced heat pump"
@ -507,7 +428,7 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
cop = {"air": ashp_cop, "ground": gshp_cop}
if time_dep_hp_cop:
efficiency = cop[heat_pump_type][nodes[name]]
efficiency = cop[heat_pump_type][nodes]
else:
efficiency = costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"]
@ -520,27 +441,28 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} {heat_pump_type} heat pump-{grouping_year}",
bus0=nodes[name],
bus1=nodes[name] + " " + name + " heat",
bus0=nodes,
bus1=nodes + " " + name + " heat",
carrier=f"{name} {heat_pump_type} heat pump",
efficiency=efficiency,
capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"]
* costs.at[costs_name, "fixed"],
p_nom=p_nom[name] * ratio / costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"],
p_nom=existing_heating.loc[nodes, (name, f"{heat_pump_type} heat pump")]
* ratio
/ costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"],
build_year=int(grouping_year),
lifetime=costs.at[costs_name, "lifetime"],
)
# add resistive heater, gas boilers and oil boilers
# (50% capacities to rural buses, 50% to urban buses)
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} resistive heater-{grouping_year}",
bus0=nodes[name],
bus1=nodes[name] + " " + name + " heat",
bus0=nodes,
bus1=nodes + " " + name + " heat",
carrier=name + " resistive heater",
efficiency=costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "efficiency"],
capital_cost=(
@ -548,21 +470,20 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
* costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "fixed"]
),
p_nom=(
0.5
* nodal_df[f"{heat_type} resistive heater"][nodes[name]]
existing_heating.loc[nodes, (name, "resistive heater")]
* ratio
/ costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "efficiency"]
),
build_year=int(grouping_year),
lifetime=costs.at[costs_name, "lifetime"],
lifetime=costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "lifetime"],
)
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} gas boiler-{grouping_year}",
bus0=spatial.gas.nodes,
bus1=nodes[name] + " " + name + " heat",
bus1=nodes + " " + name + " heat",
bus2="co2 atmosphere",
carrier=name + " gas boiler",
efficiency=costs.at[f"{name_type} gas boiler", "efficiency"],
@ -572,8 +493,7 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
* costs.at[f"{name_type} gas boiler", "fixed"]
),
p_nom=(
0.5
* nodal_df[f"{heat_type} gas boiler"][nodes[name]]
existing_heating.loc[nodes, (name, "gas boiler")]
* ratio
/ costs.at[f"{name_type} gas boiler", "efficiency"]
),
@ -583,20 +503,21 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} oil boiler-{grouping_year}",
bus0=spatial.oil.nodes,
bus1=nodes[name] + " " + name + " heat",
bus1=nodes + " " + name + " heat",
bus2="co2 atmosphere",
carrier=name + " oil boiler",
efficiency=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"],
efficiency2=costs.at["oil", "CO2 intensity"],
capital_cost=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"]
* costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "fixed"],
p_nom=0.5
* nodal_df[f"{heat_type} oil boiler"][nodes[name]]
* ratio
/ costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"],
p_nom=(
existing_heating.loc[nodes, (name, "oil boiler")]
* ratio
/ costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"]
),
build_year=int(grouping_year),
lifetime=costs.at[f"{name_type} gas boiler", "lifetime"],
)
@ -624,6 +545,8 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
# drop assets which are at the end of their lifetime
links_i = n.links[(n.links.build_year + n.links.lifetime <= baseyear)].index
logger.info("Removing following links because at end of their lifetime:")
logger.info(links_i)
n.mremove("Link", links_i)

3
scripts/build_heat_demand.py → scripts/build_daily_heat_demand.py
View File

@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"build_heat_demands",
"build_daily_heat_demands",
scope="total",
simpl="",
clusters=48,
)

81
scripts/build_district_heat_share.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Build district heat shares at each node, depending on investment year.
"""
import logging
import pandas as pd
from prepare_sector_network import get
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"build_district_heat_share",
simpl="",
clusters=48,
planning_horizons="2050",
)
investment_year = int(snakemake.wildcards.planning_horizons[-4:])
pop_layout = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.clustered_pop_layout, index_col=0)
district_heat_share = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0)[
"district heat share"
]
# make ct-based share nodal
district_heat_share = district_heat_share.loc[pop_layout.ct]
district_heat_share.index = pop_layout.index
# total urban population per country
ct_urban = pop_layout.urban.groupby(pop_layout.ct).sum()
# distribution of urban population within a country
pop_layout["urban_ct_fraction"] = pop_layout.urban / pop_layout.ct.map(ct_urban.get)
# fraction of node that is urban
urban_fraction = pop_layout.urban / pop_layout[["rural", "urban"]].sum(axis=1)
# maximum potential of urban demand covered by district heating
central_fraction = snakemake.config["sector"]["district_heating"]["potential"]
# district heating share at each node
dist_fraction_node = (
district_heat_share * pop_layout["urban_ct_fraction"] / pop_layout["fraction"]
)
# if district heating share larger than urban fraction -> set urban
# fraction to district heating share
urban_fraction = pd.concat([urban_fraction, dist_fraction_node], axis=1).max(axis=1)
# difference of max potential and today's share of district heating
diff = (urban_fraction * central_fraction) - dist_fraction_node
progress = get(
snakemake.config["sector"]["district_heating"]["progress"], investment_year
)
dist_fraction_node += diff * progress
logger.info(
f"Increase district heating share by a progress factor of {progress:.2%} "
f"resulting in new average share of {dist_fraction_node.mean():.2%}"
)
df = pd.DataFrame(
{
"original district heat share": district_heat_share,
"district fraction of node": dist_fraction_node,
"urban fraction": urban_fraction,
},
dtype=float,
)
df.to_csv(snakemake.output.district_heat_share)

40
scripts/build_energy_totals.py
View File

@ -391,13 +391,6 @@ def build_idees(countries, year):
# convert TWh/100km to kWh/km
totals.loc["passenger car efficiency"] *= 10
# district heating share
district_heat = totals.loc[
["derived heat residential", "derived heat services"]
].sum()
total_heat = totals.loc[["thermal uses residential", "thermal uses services"]].sum()
totals.loc["district heat share"] = district_heat.div(total_heat)
return totals.T
@ -572,16 +565,36 @@ def build_energy_totals(countries, eurostat, swiss, idees):
ratio = df.at["BA", "total residential"] / df.at["RS", "total residential"]
df.loc["BA", missing] = ratio * df.loc["RS", missing]
return df
def build_district_heat_share(countries, idees):
# district heating share
district_heat = idees[["derived heat residential", "derived heat services"]].sum(
axis=1
)
total_heat = idees[["thermal uses residential", "thermal uses services"]].sum(
axis=1
)
district_heat_share = district_heat / total_heat
district_heat_share = district_heat_share.reindex(countries)
# Missing district heating share
dh_share = pd.read_csv(
snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0, usecols=[0, 1]
dh_share = (
pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0, usecols=[0, 1])
.div(100)
.squeeze()
)
# make conservative assumption and take minimum from both data sets
df["district heat share"] = pd.concat(
[df["district heat share"], dh_share.reindex(index=df.index) / 100], axis=1
district_heat_share = pd.concat(
[district_heat_share, dh_share.reindex_like(district_heat_share)], axis=1
).min(axis=1)
return df
district_heat_share.name = "district heat share"
return district_heat_share
def build_eea_co2(input_co2, year=1990, emissions_scope="CO2"):
@ -750,6 +763,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
energy = build_energy_totals(countries, eurostat, swiss, idees)
energy.to_csv(snakemake.output.energy_name)
district_heat_share = build_district_heat_share(countries, idees)
district_heat_share.to_csv(snakemake.output.district_heat_share)
base_year_emissions = params["base_emissions_year"]
emissions_scope = snakemake.params.energy["emissions"]
eea_co2 = build_eea_co2(snakemake.input.co2, base_year_emissions, emissions_scope)

122
scripts/build_existing_heating_distribution.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Builds table of existing heat generation capacities for initial planning
horizon.
"""
import country_converter as coco
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
cc = coco.CountryConverter()
def build_existing_heating():
# retrieve existing heating capacities
existing_heating = pd.read_csv(
snakemake.input.existing_heating, index_col=0, header=0
)
# data for Albania, Montenegro and Macedonia not included in database
existing_heating.loc["Albania"] = np.nan
existing_heating.loc["Montenegro"] = np.nan
existing_heating.loc["Macedonia"] = np.nan
existing_heating.fillna(0.0, inplace=True)
# convert GW to MW
existing_heating *= 1e3
existing_heating.index = cc.convert(existing_heating.index, to="iso2")
# coal and oil boilers are assimilated to oil boilers
existing_heating["oil boiler"] = (
existing_heating["oil boiler"] + existing_heating["coal boiler"]
)
existing_heating.drop(["coal boiler"], axis=1, inplace=True)
# distribute technologies to nodes by population
pop_layout = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.clustered_pop_layout, index_col=0)
nodal_heating = existing_heating.loc[pop_layout.ct]
nodal_heating.index = pop_layout.index
nodal_heating = nodal_heating.multiply(pop_layout.fraction, axis=0)
district_heat_info = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0)
dist_fraction = district_heat_info["district fraction of node"]
urban_fraction = district_heat_info["urban fraction"]
energy_layout = pd.read_csv(
snakemake.input.clustered_pop_energy_layout, index_col=0
)
uses = ["space", "water"]
sectors = ["residential", "services"]
nodal_sectoral_totals = pd.DataFrame(dtype=float)
for sector in sectors:
nodal_sectoral_totals[sector] = energy_layout[
[f"total {sector} {use}" for use in uses]
].sum(axis=1)
nodal_sectoral_fraction = nodal_sectoral_totals.div(
nodal_sectoral_totals.sum(axis=1), axis=0
)
nodal_heat_name_fraction = pd.DataFrame(dtype=float)
nodal_heat_name_fraction["urban central"] = dist_fraction
for sector in sectors:
nodal_heat_name_fraction[f"{sector} rural"] = nodal_sectoral_fraction[
sector
] * (1 - urban_fraction)
nodal_heat_name_fraction[f"{sector} urban decentral"] = nodal_sectoral_fraction[
sector
] * (urban_fraction - dist_fraction)
nodal_heat_name_tech = pd.concat(
{
name: nodal_heating.multiply(nodal_heat_name_fraction[name], axis=0)
for name in nodal_heat_name_fraction.columns
},
axis=1,
names=["heat name", "technology"],
)
# move all ground HPs to rural, all air to urban
for sector in sectors:
nodal_heat_name_tech[(f"{sector} rural", "ground heat pump")] += (
nodal_heat_name_tech[("urban central", "ground heat pump")]
* nodal_sectoral_fraction[sector]
+ nodal_heat_name_tech[(f"{sector} urban decentral", "ground heat pump")]
)
nodal_heat_name_tech[(f"{sector} urban decentral", "ground heat pump")] = 0.0
nodal_heat_name_tech[
(f"{sector} urban decentral", "air heat pump")
] += nodal_heat_name_tech[(f"{sector} rural", "air heat pump")]
nodal_heat_name_tech[(f"{sector} rural", "air heat pump")] = 0.0
nodal_heat_name_tech[("urban central", "ground heat pump")] = 0.0
nodal_heat_name_tech.to_csv(snakemake.output.existing_heating_distribution)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"build_existing_heating_distribution",
simpl="",
clusters=48,
planning_horizons=2050,
)
build_existing_heating()

63
scripts/build_hourly_heat_demand.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Build hourly heat demand time series from daily ones.
"""
from itertools import product
import pandas as pd
import xarray as xr
from _helpers import generate_periodic_profiles
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"build_hourly_heat_demands",
scope="total",
simpl="",
clusters=48,
)
snapshots = pd.date_range(freq="h", **snakemake.params.snapshots)
daily_space_heat_demand = (
xr.open_dataarray(snakemake.input.heat_demand)
.to_pandas()
.reindex(index=snapshots, method="ffill")
)
intraday_profiles = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.heat_profile, index_col=0)
sectors = ["residential", "services"]
uses = ["water", "space"]
heat_demand = {}
for sector, use in product(sectors, uses):
weekday = list(intraday_profiles[f"{sector} {use} weekday"])
weekend = list(intraday_profiles[f"{sector} {use} weekend"])
weekly_profile = weekday * 5 + weekend * 2
intraday_year_profile = generate_periodic_profiles(
daily_space_heat_demand.index.tz_localize("UTC"),
nodes=daily_space_heat_demand.columns,
weekly_profile=weekly_profile,
)
if use == "space":
heat_demand[f"{sector} {use}"] = (
daily_space_heat_demand * intraday_year_profile
)
else:
heat_demand[f"{sector} {use}"] = intraday_year_profile
heat_demand = pd.concat(heat_demand, axis=1, names=["sector use", "node"])
heat_demand.index.name = "snapshots"
ds = heat_demand.stack().to_xarray()
ds.to_netcdf(snakemake.output.heat_demand)

252
scripts/plot_gas_network.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Creates map of optimised gas network, storage and selected other
infrastructure.
"""
import logging
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import pypsa
from _helpers import configure_logging
from plot_power_network import assign_location, load_projection
from pypsa.plot import add_legend_circles, add_legend_lines, add_legend_patches
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def plot_ch4_map(n):
# if "gas pipeline" not in n.links.carrier.unique():
# return
assign_location(n)
bus_size_factor = 8e7
linewidth_factor = 1e4
# MW below which not drawn
line_lower_threshold = 1e3
# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
fossil_gas_i = n.generators[n.generators.carrier == "gas"].index
fossil_gas = (
n.generators_t.p.loc[:, fossil_gas_i]
.mul(n.snapshot_weightings.generators, axis=0)
.sum()
.groupby(n.generators.loc[fossil_gas_i, "bus"])
.sum()
/ bus_size_factor
)
fossil_gas.rename(index=lambda x: x.replace(" gas", ""), inplace=True)
fossil_gas = fossil_gas.reindex(n.buses.index).fillna(0)
# make a fake MultiIndex so that area is correct for legend
fossil_gas.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([fossil_gas.index, ["fossil gas"]])
methanation_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'Sabatier'").index
methanation = (
abs(
n.links_t.p1.loc[:, methanation_i].mul(
n.snapshot_weightings.generators, axis=0
)
)
.sum()
.groupby(n.links.loc[methanation_i, "bus1"])
.sum()
/ bus_size_factor
)
methanation = (
methanation.groupby(methanation.index)
.sum()
.rename(index=lambda x: x.replace(" gas", ""))
)
# make a fake MultiIndex so that area is correct for legend
methanation.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([methanation.index, ["methanation"]])
biogas_i = n.stores[n.stores.carrier == "biogas"].index
biogas = (
n.stores_t.p.loc[:, biogas_i]
.mul(n.snapshot_weightings.generators, axis=0)
.sum()
.groupby(n.stores.loc[biogas_i, "bus"])
.sum()
/ bus_size_factor
)
biogas = (
biogas.groupby(biogas.index)
.sum()
.rename(index=lambda x: x.replace(" biogas", ""))
)
# make a fake MultiIndex so that area is correct for legend
biogas.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([biogas.index, ["biogas"]])
bus_sizes = pd.concat([fossil_gas, methanation, biogas])
bus_sizes.sort_index(inplace=True)
to_remove = n.links.index[~n.links.carrier.str.contains("gas pipeline")]
n.links.drop(to_remove, inplace=True)
link_widths_rem = n.links.p_nom_opt / linewidth_factor
link_widths_rem[n.links.p_nom_opt < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
link_widths_orig = n.links.p_nom / linewidth_factor
link_widths_orig[n.links.p_nom < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
max_usage = n.links_t.p0[n.links.index].abs().max(axis=0)
link_widths_used = max_usage / linewidth_factor
link_widths_used[max_usage < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
tech_colors = snakemake.params.plotting["tech_colors"]
pipe_colors = {
"gas pipeline": "#f08080",
"gas pipeline new": "#c46868",
"gas pipeline (in 2020)": "lightgrey",
"gas pipeline (available)": "#e8d1d1",
}
link_color_used = n.links.carrier.map(pipe_colors)
n.links.bus0 = n.links.bus0.str.replace(" gas", "")
n.links.bus1 = n.links.bus1.str.replace(" gas", "")
bus_colors = {
"fossil gas": tech_colors["fossil gas"],
"methanation": tech_colors["methanation"],
"biogas": "seagreen",
}
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 6), subplot_kw={"projection": proj})
n.plot(
bus_sizes=bus_sizes,
bus_colors=bus_colors,
link_colors=pipe_colors["gas pipeline (in 2020)"],
link_widths=link_widths_orig,
branch_components=["Link"],
ax=ax,
**map_opts,
)
n.plot(
ax=ax,
bus_sizes=0.0,
link_colors=pipe_colors["gas pipeline (available)"],
link_widths=link_widths_rem,
branch_components=["Link"],
color_geomap=False,
boundaries=map_opts["boundaries"],
)
n.plot(
ax=ax,
bus_sizes=0.0,
link_colors=link_color_used,
link_widths=link_widths_used,
branch_components=["Link"],
color_geomap=False,
boundaries=map_opts["boundaries"],
)
sizes = [100, 10]
labels = [f"{s} TWh" for s in sizes]
sizes = [s / bus_size_factor * 1e6 for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0, 1.03),
labelspacing=0.8,
frameon=False,
handletextpad=1,
title="gas sources",
)
add_legend_circles(
ax,
sizes,
labels,
srid=n.srid,
patch_kw=dict(facecolor="lightgrey"),
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
sizes = [50, 10]
labels = [f"{s} GW" for s in sizes]
scale = 1e3 / linewidth_factor
sizes = [s * scale for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.25, 1.03),
frameon=False,
labelspacing=0.8,
handletextpad=1,
title="gas pipeline",
)
add_legend_lines(
ax,
sizes,
labels,
patch_kw=dict(color="lightgrey"),
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
colors = list(pipe_colors.values()) + list(bus_colors.values())
labels = list(pipe_colors.keys()) + list(bus_colors.keys())
# legend on the side
# legend_kw = dict(
# bbox_to_anchor=(1.47, 1.04),
# frameon=False,
# )
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0, 1.24),
ncol=2,
frameon=False,
)
add_legend_patches(
ax,
colors,
labels,
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
fig.savefig(snakemake.output.map, bbox_inches="tight")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"plot_gas_network",
simpl="",
opts="",
clusters="37",
ll="v1.0",
sector_opts="4380H-T-H-B-I-A-dist1",
)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions).set_index("name")
map_opts = snakemake.params.plotting["map"]
if map_opts["boundaries"] is None:
map_opts["boundaries"] = regions.total_bounds[[0, 2, 1, 3]] + [-1, 1, -1, 1]
proj = load_projection(snakemake.params.plotting)
plot_ch4_map(n)

267
scripts/plot_hydrogen_network.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Creates map of optimised hydrogen network, storage and selected other
infrastructure.
"""
import logging
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import pypsa
from _helpers import configure_logging
from plot_power_network import assign_location, load_projection
from pypsa.plot import add_legend_circles, add_legend_lines, add_legend_patches
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def group_pipes(df, drop_direction=False):
"""
Group pipes which connect same buses and return overall capacity.
"""
if drop_direction:
positive_order = df.bus0 < df.bus1
df_p = df[positive_order]
swap_buses = {"bus0": "bus1", "bus1": "bus0"}
df_n = df[~positive_order].rename(columns=swap_buses)
df = pd.concat([df_p, df_n])
# there are pipes for each investment period rename to AC buses name for plotting
df.index = df.apply(
lambda x: f"H2 pipeline {x.bus0.replace(' H2', '')} -> {x.bus1.replace(' H2', '')}",
axis=1,
)
return df.groupby(level=0).agg({"p_nom_opt": sum, "bus0": "first", "bus1": "first"})
def plot_h2_map(n, regions):
# if "H2 pipeline" not in n.links.carrier.unique():
# return
assign_location(n)
h2_storage = n.stores.query("carrier == 'H2'")
regions["H2"] = (
h2_storage.rename(index=h2_storage.bus.map(n.buses.location))
.e_nom_opt.groupby(level=0)
.sum()
.div(1e6)
) # TWh
regions["H2"] = regions["H2"].where(regions["H2"] > 0.1)
bus_size_factor = 1e5
linewidth_factor = 7e3
# MW below which not drawn
line_lower_threshold = 750
# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
carriers = ["H2 Electrolysis", "H2 Fuel Cell"]
elec = n.links[n.links.carrier.isin(carriers)].index
bus_sizes = (
n.links.loc[elec, "p_nom_opt"].groupby([n.links["bus0"], n.links.carrier]).sum()
/ bus_size_factor
)
# make a fake MultiIndex so that area is correct for legend
bus_sizes.rename(index=lambda x: x.replace(" H2", ""), level=0, inplace=True)
# drop all links which are not H2 pipelines
n.links.drop(
n.links.index[~n.links.carrier.str.contains("H2 pipeline")], inplace=True
)
h2_new = n.links[n.links.carrier == "H2 pipeline"]
h2_retro = n.links[n.links.carrier == "H2 pipeline retrofitted"]
if snakemake.params.foresight == "myopic":
# sum capacitiy for pipelines from different investment periods
h2_new = group_pipes(h2_new)
if not h2_retro.empty:
h2_retro = (
group_pipes(h2_retro, drop_direction=True)
.reindex(h2_new.index)
.fillna(0)
)
if not h2_retro.empty:
positive_order = h2_retro.bus0 < h2_retro.bus1
h2_retro_p = h2_retro[positive_order]
swap_buses = {"bus0": "bus1", "bus1": "bus0"}
h2_retro_n = h2_retro[~positive_order].rename(columns=swap_buses)
h2_retro = pd.concat([h2_retro_p, h2_retro_n])
h2_retro["index_orig"] = h2_retro.index
h2_retro.index = h2_retro.apply(
lambda x: f"H2 pipeline {x.bus0.replace(' H2', '')} -> {x.bus1.replace(' H2', '')}",
axis=1,
)
retro_w_new_i = h2_retro.index.intersection(h2_new.index)
h2_retro_w_new = h2_retro.loc[retro_w_new_i]
retro_wo_new_i = h2_retro.index.difference(h2_new.index)
h2_retro_wo_new = h2_retro.loc[retro_wo_new_i]
h2_retro_wo_new.index = h2_retro_wo_new.index_orig
to_concat = [h2_new, h2_retro_w_new, h2_retro_wo_new]
h2_total = pd.concat(to_concat).p_nom_opt.groupby(level=0).sum()
else:
h2_total = h2_new.p_nom_opt
link_widths_total = h2_total / linewidth_factor
n.links.rename(index=lambda x: x.split("-2")[0], inplace=True)
n.links = n.links.groupby(level=0).first()
link_widths_total = link_widths_total.reindex(n.links.index).fillna(0.0)
link_widths_total[n.links.p_nom_opt < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
retro = n.links.p_nom_opt.where(
n.links.carrier == "H2 pipeline retrofitted", other=0.0
)
link_widths_retro = retro / linewidth_factor
link_widths_retro[n.links.p_nom_opt < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
n.links.bus0 = n.links.bus0.str.replace(" H2", "")
n.links.bus1 = n.links.bus1.str.replace(" H2", "")
regions = regions.to_crs(proj.proj4_init)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 6), subplot_kw={"projection": proj})
color_h2_pipe = "#b3f3f4"
color_retrofit = "#499a9c"
bus_colors = {"H2 Electrolysis": "#ff29d9", "H2 Fuel Cell": "#805394"}
n.plot(
geomap=True,
bus_sizes=bus_sizes,
bus_colors=bus_colors,
link_colors=color_h2_pipe,
link_widths=link_widths_total,
branch_components=["Link"],
ax=ax,
**map_opts,
)
n.plot(
geomap=True,
bus_sizes=0,
link_colors=color_retrofit,
link_widths=link_widths_retro,
branch_components=["Link"],
ax=ax,
**map_opts,
)
regions.plot(
ax=ax,
column="H2",
cmap="Blues",
linewidths=0,
legend=True,
vmax=6,
vmin=0,
legend_kwds={
"label": "Hydrogen Storage [TWh]",
"shrink": 0.7,
"extend": "max",
},
)
sizes = [50, 10]
labels = [f"{s} GW" for s in sizes]
sizes = [s / bus_size_factor * 1e3 for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0, 1),
labelspacing=0.8,
handletextpad=0,
frameon=False,
)
add_legend_circles(
ax,
sizes,
labels,
srid=n.srid,
patch_kw=dict(facecolor="lightgrey"),
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
sizes = [30, 10]
labels = [f"{s} GW" for s in sizes]
scale = 1e3 / linewidth_factor
sizes = [s * scale for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.23, 1),
frameon=False,
labelspacing=0.8,
handletextpad=1,
)
add_legend_lines(
ax,
sizes,
labels,
patch_kw=dict(color="lightgrey"),
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
colors = [bus_colors[c] for c in carriers] + [color_h2_pipe, color_retrofit]
labels = carriers + ["H2 pipeline (total)", "H2 pipeline (repurposed)"]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0, 1.13),
ncol=2,
frameon=False,
)
add_legend_patches(ax, colors, labels, legend_kw=legend_kw)
ax.set_facecolor("white")
fig.savefig(snakemake.output.map, bbox_inches="tight")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"plot_hydrogen_network",
simpl="",
opts="",
clusters="37",
ll="v1.0",
sector_opts="4380H-T-H-B-I-A-dist1",
)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions).set_index("name")
map_opts = snakemake.params.plotting["map"]
if map_opts["boundaries"] is None:
map_opts["boundaries"] = regions.total_bounds[[0, 2, 1, 3]] + [-1, 1, -1, 1]
proj = load_projection(snakemake.params.plotting)
plot_h2_map(n, regions)

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scripts/plot_network.py
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272
scripts/plot_power_network.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Creates plots for optimised power network topologies and regional generation,
storage and conversion capacities built.
"""
import logging
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import pypsa
from _helpers import configure_logging
from plot_summary import preferred_order, rename_techs
from pypsa.plot import add_legend_circles, add_legend_lines, add_legend_patches
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def rename_techs_tyndp(tech):
tech = rename_techs(tech)
if "heat pump" in tech or "resistive heater" in tech:
return "power-to-heat"
elif tech in ["H2 Electrolysis", "methanation", "H2 liquefaction"]:
return "power-to-gas"
elif tech == "H2":
return "H2 storage"
elif tech in ["NH3", "Haber-Bosch", "ammonia cracker", "ammonia store"]:
return "ammonia"
elif tech in ["OCGT", "CHP", "gas boiler", "H2 Fuel Cell"]:
return "gas-to-power/heat"
# elif "solar" in tech:
# return "solar"
elif tech in ["Fischer-Tropsch", "methanolisation"]:
return "power-to-liquid"
elif "offshore wind" in tech:
return "offshore wind"
elif "CC" in tech or "sequestration" in tech:
return "CCS"
else:
return tech
def assign_location(n):
for c in n.iterate_components(n.one_port_components | n.branch_components):
ifind = pd.Series(c.df.index.str.find(" ", start=4), c.df.index)
for i in ifind.value_counts().index:
# these have already been assigned defaults
if i == -1:
continue
names = ifind.index[ifind == i]
c.df.loc[names, "location"] = names.str[:i]
def load_projection(plotting_params):
proj_kwargs = plotting_params.get("projection", dict(name="EqualEarth"))
proj_func = getattr(ccrs, proj_kwargs.pop("name"))
return proj_func(**proj_kwargs)
def plot_map(
n,
components=["links", "stores", "storage_units", "generators"],
bus_size_factor=2e10,
transmission=False,
with_legend=True,
):
tech_colors = snakemake.params.plotting["tech_colors"]
assign_location(n)
# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
costs = pd.DataFrame(index=n.buses.index)
for comp in components:
df_c = getattr(n, comp)
if df_c.empty:
continue
df_c["nice_group"] = df_c.carrier.map(rename_techs_tyndp)
attr = "e_nom_opt" if comp == "stores" else "p_nom_opt"
costs_c = (
(df_c.capital_cost * df_c[attr])
.groupby([df_c.location, df_c.nice_group])
.sum()
.unstack()
.fillna(0.0)
)
costs = pd.concat([costs, costs_c], axis=1)
logger.debug(f"{comp}, {costs}")
costs = costs.groupby(costs.columns, axis=1).sum()
costs.drop(list(costs.columns[(costs == 0.0).all()]), axis=1, inplace=True)
new_columns = preferred_order.intersection(costs.columns).append(
costs.columns.difference(preferred_order)
)
costs = costs[new_columns]
for item in new_columns:
if item not in tech_colors:
logger.warning(f"{item} not in config/plotting/tech_colors")
costs = costs.stack() # .sort_index()
# hack because impossible to drop buses...
eu_location = snakemake.params.plotting.get("eu_node_location", dict(x=-5.5, y=46))
n.buses.loc["EU gas", "x"] = eu_location["x"]
n.buses.loc["EU gas", "y"] = eu_location["y"]
n.links.drop(
n.links.index[(n.links.carrier != "DC") & (n.links.carrier != "B2B")],
inplace=True,
)
# drop non-bus
to_drop = costs.index.levels[0].symmetric_difference(n.buses.index)
if len(to_drop) != 0:
logger.info(f"Dropping non-buses {to_drop.tolist()}")
costs.drop(to_drop, level=0, inplace=True, axis=0, errors="ignore")
# make sure they are removed from index
costs.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(costs.index.values)
threshold = 100e6 # 100 mEUR/a
carriers = costs.groupby(level=1).sum()
carriers = carriers.where(carriers > threshold).dropna()
carriers = list(carriers.index)
# PDF has minimum width, so set these to zero
line_lower_threshold = 500.0
line_upper_threshold = 1e4
linewidth_factor = 4e3
ac_color = "rosybrown"
dc_color = "darkseagreen"
title = "added grid"
if snakemake.wildcards["ll"] == "v1.0":
# should be zero
line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt - n.lines.s_nom
link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt - n.links.p_nom
if transmission:
line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt
link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt
linewidth_factor = 2e3
line_lower_threshold = 0.0
title = "current grid"
else:
line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt - n.lines.s_nom_min
link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt - n.links.p_nom_min
if transmission:
line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt
link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt
title = "total grid"
line_widths = line_widths.clip(line_lower_threshold, line_upper_threshold)
link_widths = link_widths.clip(line_lower_threshold, line_upper_threshold)
line_widths = line_widths.replace(line_lower_threshold, 0)
link_widths = link_widths.replace(line_lower_threshold, 0)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": proj})
fig.set_size_inches(7, 6)
n.plot(
bus_sizes=costs / bus_size_factor,
bus_colors=tech_colors,
line_colors=ac_color,
link_colors=dc_color,
line_widths=line_widths / linewidth_factor,
link_widths=link_widths / linewidth_factor,
ax=ax,
**map_opts,
)
sizes = [20, 10, 5]
labels = [f"{s} bEUR/a" for s in sizes]
sizes = [s / bus_size_factor * 1e9 for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.01, 1.06),
labelspacing=0.8,
frameon=False,
handletextpad=0,
title="system cost",
)
add_legend_circles(
ax,
sizes,
labels,
srid=n.srid,
patch_kw=dict(facecolor="lightgrey"),
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
sizes = [10, 5]
labels = [f"{s} GW" for s in sizes]
scale = 1e3 / linewidth_factor
sizes = [s * scale for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.27, 1.06),
frameon=False,
labelspacing=0.8,
handletextpad=1,
title=title,
)
add_legend_lines(
ax, sizes, labels, patch_kw=dict(color="lightgrey"), legend_kw=legend_kw
)
legend_kw = dict(
bbox_to_anchor=(1.52, 1.04),
frameon=False,
)
if with_legend:
colors = [tech_colors[c] for c in carriers] + [ac_color, dc_color]
labels = carriers + ["HVAC line", "HVDC link"]
add_legend_patches(
ax,
colors,
labels,
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
fig.savefig(snakemake.output.map, bbox_inches="tight")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"plot_power_network",
simpl="",
opts="",
clusters="37",
ll="v1.0",
sector_opts="4380H-T-H-B-I-A-dist1",
)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions).set_index("name")
map_opts = snakemake.params.plotting["map"]
if map_opts["boundaries"] is None:
map_opts["boundaries"] = regions.total_bounds[[0, 2, 1, 3]] + [-1, 1, -1, 1]
proj = load_projection(snakemake.params.plotting)
plot_map(n)

78
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@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2023-2024 PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Plot clustered electricity transmission network.
"""
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pypsa
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
from plot_power_network import load_projection
from pypsa.plot import add_legend_lines
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"plot_power_network_clustered",
clusters=128,
configfiles=["../../config/config.test.yaml"],
)
lw_factor = 2e3
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore).set_index("name")
proj = load_projection(snakemake.params.plotting)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 8), subplot_kw={"projection": proj})
regions.to_crs(proj.proj4_init).plot(
ax=ax, facecolor="none", edgecolor="lightgray", linewidth=0.75
)
n.plot(
ax=ax,
margin=0.06,
line_widths=n.lines.s_nom / lw_factor,
link_colors=n.links.p_nom.apply(
lambda x: "darkseagreen" if x > 0 else "skyblue"
),
link_widths=2.0,
)
sizes = [10, 20]
labels = [f"HVAC ({s} GW)" for s in sizes]
scale = 1e3 / lw_factor
sizes = [s * scale for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc=[0.25, 0.9],
frameon=False,
labelspacing=0.5,
handletextpad=1,
fontsize=13,
)
add_legend_lines(
ax, sizes, labels, patch_kw=dict(color="rosybrown"), legend_kw=legend_kw
)
handles = [
Line2D([0], [0], color="darkseagreen", lw=2),
Line2D([0], [0], color="skyblue", lw=2),
]
plt.legend(
handles,
["HVDC existing", "HVDC planned"],
frameon=False,
loc=[0.0, 0.9],
fontsize=13,
)
plt.savefig(snakemake.output.map, bbox_inches="tight")

199
scripts/plot_power_network_perfect.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2020-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
Creates plots for optimised power network topologies and regional generation,
storage and conversion capacities built for the perfect foresight scenario.
"""
import logging
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
import pypsa
from _helpers import configure_logging
from plot_power_network import assign_location, load_projection, rename_techs_tyndp
from plot_summary import preferred_order
from pypsa.plot import add_legend_circles, add_legend_lines
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def plot_map_perfect(
n,
components=["Link", "Store", "StorageUnit", "Generator"],
bus_size_factor=2e10,
):
assign_location(n)
# Drop non-electric buses so they don't clutter the plot
n.buses.drop(n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier != "AC"], inplace=True)
# investment periods
investments = n.snapshots.levels[0]
costs = {}
for comp in components:
df_c = n.df(comp)
if df_c.empty:
continue
df_c["nice_group"] = df_c.carrier.map(rename_techs_tyndp)
attr = "e_nom_opt" if comp == "Store" else "p_nom_opt"
active = pd.concat(
[n.get_active_assets(comp, inv_p).rename(inv_p) for inv_p in investments],
axis=1,
).astype(int)
capital_cost = n.df(comp)[attr] * n.df(comp).capital_cost
capital_cost_t = (
(active.mul(capital_cost, axis=0))
.groupby([n.df(comp).location, n.df(comp).nice_group])
.sum()
)
capital_cost_t.drop("load", level=1, inplace=True, errors="ignore")
costs[comp] = capital_cost_t
costs = pd.concat(costs).groupby(level=[1, 2]).sum()
costs.drop(costs[costs.sum(axis=1) == 0].index, inplace=True)
new_columns = preferred_order.intersection(costs.index.levels[1]).append(
costs.index.levels[1].difference(preferred_order)
)
costs = costs.reindex(new_columns, level=1)
for item in new_columns:
if item not in snakemake.config["plotting"]["tech_colors"]:
print(
"Warning!",
item,
"not in config/plotting/tech_colors, assign random color",
)
snakemake.config["plotting"]["tech_colors"] = "pink"
n.links.drop(
n.links.index[(n.links.carrier != "DC") & (n.links.carrier != "B2B")],
inplace=True,
)
# drop non-bus
to_drop = costs.index.levels[0].symmetric_difference(n.buses.index)
if len(to_drop) != 0:
print("dropping non-buses", to_drop)
costs.drop(to_drop, level=0, inplace=True, axis=0, errors="ignore")
# make sure they are removed from index
costs.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(costs.index.values)
# PDF has minimum width, so set these to zero
line_lower_threshold = 500.0
line_upper_threshold = 1e4
linewidth_factor = 2e3
ac_color = "gray"
dc_color = "m"
line_widths = n.lines.s_nom_opt
link_widths = n.links.p_nom_opt
linewidth_factor = 2e3
line_lower_threshold = 0.0
title = "Today's transmission"
line_widths[line_widths < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
link_widths[link_widths < line_lower_threshold] = 0.0
line_widths[line_widths > line_upper_threshold] = line_upper_threshold
link_widths[link_widths > line_upper_threshold] = line_upper_threshold
for year in costs.columns:
fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw={"projection": proj})
fig.set_size_inches(7, 6)
fig.suptitle(year)
n.plot(
bus_sizes=costs[year] / bus_size_factor,
bus_colors=snakemake.config["plotting"]["tech_colors"],
line_colors=ac_color,
link_colors=dc_color,
line_widths=line_widths / linewidth_factor,
link_widths=link_widths / linewidth_factor,
ax=ax,
**map_opts,
)
sizes = [20, 10, 5]
labels = [f"{s} bEUR/a" for s in sizes]
sizes = [s / bus_size_factor * 1e9 for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.01, 1.06),
labelspacing=0.8,
frameon=False,
handletextpad=0,
title="system cost",
)
add_legend_circles(
ax,
sizes,
labels,
srid=n.srid,
patch_kw=dict(facecolor="lightgrey"),
legend_kw=legend_kw,
)
sizes = [10, 5]
labels = [f"{s} GW" for s in sizes]
scale = 1e3 / linewidth_factor
sizes = [s * scale for s in sizes]
legend_kw = dict(
loc="upper left",
bbox_to_anchor=(0.27, 1.06),
frameon=False,
labelspacing=0.8,
handletextpad=1,
title=title,
)
add_legend_lines(
ax, sizes, labels, patch_kw=dict(color="lightgrey"), legend_kw=legend_kw
)
legend_kw = dict(
bbox_to_anchor=(1.52, 1.04),
frameon=False,
)
fig.savefig(snakemake.output[f"map_{year}"], bbox_inches="tight")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"plot_power_network_perfect",
simpl="",
opts="",
clusters="37",
ll="v1.0",
sector_opts="4380H-T-H-B-I-A-dist1",
)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions).set_index("name")
map_opts = snakemake.params.plotting["map"]
if map_opts["boundaries"] is None:
map_opts["boundaries"] = regions.total_bounds[[0, 2, 1, 3]] + [-1, 1, -1, 1]
proj = load_projection(snakemake.params.plotting)
plot_map_perfect(n)

198
scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
View File

@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import pypsa
import xarray as xr
from _helpers import generate_periodic_profiles, update_config_with_sector_opts
from _helpers import update_config_with_sector_opts
from add_electricity import calculate_annuity, sanitize_carriers
from build_energy_totals import build_co2_totals, build_eea_co2, build_eurostat_co2
from networkx.algorithms import complement
@ -1639,40 +1639,25 @@ def add_land_transport(n, costs):
def build_heat_demand(n):
# copy forward the daily average heat demand into each hour, so it can be multiplied by the intraday profile
daily_space_heat_demand = (
xr.open_dataarray(snakemake.input.heat_demand_total)
.to_pandas()
.reindex(index=n.snapshots, method="ffill")
heat_demand_shape = (
xr.open_dataset(snakemake.input.hourly_heat_demand_total)
.to_dataframe()
.unstack(level=1)
)
intraday_profiles = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.heat_profile, index_col=0)
sectors = ["residential", "services"]
uses = ["water", "space"]
heat_demand = {}
electric_heat_supply = {}
for sector, use in product(sectors, uses):
weekday = list(intraday_profiles[f"{sector} {use} weekday"])
weekend = list(intraday_profiles[f"{sector} {use} weekend"])
weekly_profile = weekday * 5 + weekend * 2
intraday_year_profile = generate_periodic_profiles(
daily_space_heat_demand.index.tz_localize("UTC"),
nodes=daily_space_heat_demand.columns,
weekly_profile=weekly_profile,
)
name = f"{sector} {use}"
if use == "space":
heat_demand_shape = daily_space_heat_demand * intraday_year_profile
else:
heat_demand_shape = intraday_year_profile
heat_demand[f"{sector} {use}"] = (
heat_demand_shape / heat_demand_shape.sum()
heat_demand[name] = (
heat_demand_shape[name] / heat_demand_shape[name].sum()
).multiply(pop_weighted_energy_totals[f"total {sector} {use}"]) * 1e6
electric_heat_supply[f"{sector} {use}"] = (
heat_demand_shape / heat_demand_shape.sum()
electric_heat_supply[name] = (
heat_demand_shape[name] / heat_demand_shape[name].sum()
).multiply(pop_weighted_energy_totals[f"electricity {sector} {use}"]) * 1e6
heat_demand = pd.concat(heat_demand, axis=1)
@ -1695,7 +1680,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
heat_demand = build_heat_demand(n)
nodes, dist_fraction, urban_fraction = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()
district_heat_info = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0)
dist_fraction = district_heat_info["district fraction of node"]
urban_fraction = district_heat_info["urban fraction"]
# NB: must add costs of central heating afterwards (EUR 400 / kWpeak, 50a, 1% FOM from Fraunhofer ISE)
@ -1735,12 +1722,17 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
for name in heat_systems:
name_type = "central" if name == "urban central" else "decentral"
if name == "urban central":
nodes = dist_fraction.index[dist_fraction > 0]
else:
nodes = pop_layout.index
n.add("Carrier", name + " heat")
n.madd(
"Bus",
nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
location=nodes[name],
nodes + f" {name} heat",
location=nodes,
carrier=name + " heat",
unit="MWh_th",
)
@ -1748,9 +1740,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
if name == "urban central" and options.get("central_heat_vent"):
n.madd(
"Generator",
nodes[name] + f" {name} heat vent",
bus=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
location=nodes[name],
nodes + f" {name} heat vent",
bus=nodes + f" {name} heat",
location=nodes,
carrier=name + " heat vent",
p_nom_extendable=True,
p_max_pu=0,
@ -1763,11 +1755,11 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
for sector in sectors:
# heat demand weighting
if "rural" in name:
factor = 1 - urban_fraction[nodes[name]]
factor = 1 - urban_fraction[nodes]
elif "urban central" in name:
factor = dist_fraction[nodes[name]]
factor = dist_fraction[nodes]
elif "urban decentral" in name:
factor = urban_fraction[nodes[name]] - dist_fraction[nodes[name]]
factor = urban_fraction[nodes] - dist_fraction[nodes]
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f" {name} not in " f"heat systems: {heat_systems}"
@ -1778,7 +1770,7 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
heat_demand[[sector + " water", sector + " space"]]
.T.groupby(level=1)
.sum()
.T[nodes[name]]
.T[nodes]
.multiply(factor)
)
@ -1786,7 +1778,7 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
heat_load = (
heat_demand.T.groupby(level=1)
.sum()
.T[nodes[name]]
.T[nodes]
.multiply(
factor * (1 + options["district_heating"]["district_heating_loss"])
)
@ -1794,9 +1786,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Load",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} heat",
bus=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus=nodes + f" {name} heat",
carrier=name + " heat",
p_set=heat_load,
)
@ -1808,17 +1800,17 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
for heat_pump_type in heat_pump_types:
costs_name = f"{name_type} {heat_pump_type}-sourced heat pump"
efficiency = (
cop[heat_pump_type][nodes[name]]
cop[heat_pump_type][nodes]
if options["time_dep_hp_cop"]
else costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"]
)
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} {heat_pump_type} heat pump",
bus0=nodes[name],
bus1=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus0=nodes,
bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
carrier=f"{name} {heat_pump_type} heat pump",
efficiency=efficiency,
capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"]
@ -1832,17 +1824,17 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Bus",
nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks",
location=nodes[name],
nodes + f" {name} water tanks",
location=nodes,
carrier=name + " water tanks",
unit="MWh_th",
)
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks charger",
bus0=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus1=nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks",
nodes + f" {name} water tanks charger",
bus0=nodes + f" {name} heat",
bus1=nodes + f" {name} water tanks",
efficiency=costs.at["water tank charger", "efficiency"],
carrier=name + " water tanks charger",
p_nom_extendable=True,
@ -1850,9 +1842,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks discharger",
bus0=nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks",
bus1=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
nodes + f" {name} water tanks discharger",
bus0=nodes + f" {name} water tanks",
bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
carrier=name + " water tanks discharger",
efficiency=costs.at["water tank discharger", "efficiency"],
p_nom_extendable=True,
@ -1871,8 +1863,8 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Store",
nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks",
bus=nodes[name] + f" {name} water tanks",
nodes + f" {name} water tanks",
bus=nodes + f" {name} water tanks",
e_cyclic=True,
e_nom_extendable=True,
carrier=name + " water tanks",
@ -1886,9 +1878,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + f" {name} resistive heater",
bus0=nodes[name],
bus1=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
nodes + f" {name} resistive heater",
bus0=nodes,
bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
carrier=name + " resistive heater",
efficiency=costs.at[key, "efficiency"],
capital_cost=costs.at[key, "efficiency"] * costs.at[key, "fixed"],
@ -1901,10 +1893,10 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + f" {name} gas boiler",
nodes + f" {name} gas boiler",
p_nom_extendable=True,
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes[name], "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
bus2="co2 atmosphere",
carrier=name + " gas boiler",
efficiency=costs.at[key, "efficiency"],
@ -1918,13 +1910,13 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Generator",
nodes[name],
nodes,
suffix=f" {name} solar thermal collector",
bus=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus=nodes + f" {name} heat",
carrier=name + " solar thermal",
p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at[name_type + " solar thermal", "fixed"],
p_max_pu=solar_thermal[nodes[name]],
p_max_pu=solar_thermal[nodes],
lifetime=costs.at[name_type + " solar thermal", "lifetime"],
)
@ -1932,10 +1924,10 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
# add gas CHP; biomass CHP is added in biomass section
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + " urban central gas CHP",
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes[name], "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes[name],
bus2=nodes[name] + " urban central heat",
nodes + " urban central gas CHP",
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes,
bus2=nodes + " urban central heat",
bus3="co2 atmosphere",
carrier="urban central gas CHP",
p_nom_extendable=True,
@ -1951,12 +1943,12 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + " urban central gas CHP CC",
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes[name], "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes[name],
bus2=nodes[name] + " urban central heat",
nodes + " urban central gas CHP CC",
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes,
bus2=nodes + " urban central heat",
bus3="co2 atmosphere",
bus4=spatial.co2.df.loc[nodes[name], "nodes"].values,
bus4=spatial.co2.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
carrier="urban central gas CHP CC",
p_nom_extendable=True,
capital_cost=costs.at["central gas CHP", "fixed"]
@ -1988,11 +1980,11 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
if options["chp"] and options["micro_chp"] and name != "urban central":
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes[name] + f" {name} micro gas CHP",
nodes + f" {name} micro gas CHP",
p_nom_extendable=True,
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes[name], "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes[name],
bus2=nodes[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus0=spatial.gas.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes,
bus2=nodes + f" {name} heat",
bus3="co2 atmosphere",
carrier=name + " micro gas CHP",
efficiency=costs.at["micro CHP", "efficiency"],
@ -2123,50 +2115,6 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
)
def create_nodes_for_heat_sector():
# TODO pop_layout
# rural are areas with low heating density and individual heating
# urban are areas with high heating density
# urban can be split into district heating (central) and individual heating (decentral)
ct_urban = pop_layout.urban.groupby(pop_layout.ct).sum()
# distribution of urban population within a country
pop_layout["urban_ct_fraction"] = pop_layout.urban / pop_layout.ct.map(ct_urban.get)
sectors = ["residential", "services"]
nodes = {}
urban_fraction = pop_layout.urban / pop_layout[["rural", "urban"]].sum(axis=1)
for sector in sectors:
nodes[sector + " rural"] = pop_layout.index
nodes[sector + " urban decentral"] = pop_layout.index
district_heat_share = pop_weighted_energy_totals["district heat share"]
# maximum potential of urban demand covered by district heating
central_fraction = options["district_heating"]["potential"]
# district heating share at each node
dist_fraction_node = (
district_heat_share * pop_layout["urban_ct_fraction"] / pop_layout["fraction"]
)
nodes["urban central"] = dist_fraction_node.index
# if district heating share larger than urban fraction -> set urban
# fraction to district heating share
urban_fraction = pd.concat([urban_fraction, dist_fraction_node], axis=1).max(axis=1)
# difference of max potential and today's share of district heating
diff = (urban_fraction * central_fraction) - dist_fraction_node
progress = get(options["district_heating"]["progress"], investment_year)
dist_fraction_node += diff * progress
logger.info(
f"Increase district heating share by a progress factor of {progress:.2%} "
f"resulting in new average share of {dist_fraction_node.mean():.2%}"
)
return nodes, dist_fraction_node, urban_fraction
def add_biomass(n, costs):
logger.info("Add biomass")
@ -2384,7 +2332,7 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
if options["biomass_boiler"]:
# TODO: Add surcharge for pellets
nodes_heat = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()[0]
nodes = pop_layout.index
for name in [
"residential rural",
"services rural",
@ -2393,10 +2341,10 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
]:
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes_heat[name] + f" {name} biomass boiler",
nodes + f" {name} biomass boiler",
p_nom_extendable=True,
bus0=spatial.biomass.df.loc[nodes_heat[name], "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes_heat[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus0=spatial.biomass.df.loc[nodes, "nodes"].values,
bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
carrier=name + " biomass boiler",
efficiency=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"],
capital_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"]
@ -2839,7 +2787,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
)
if options["oil_boilers"]:
nodes_heat = create_nodes_for_heat_sector()[0]
nodes = pop_layout.index
for name in [
"residential rural",
@ -2849,10 +2797,10 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
]:
n.madd(
"Link",
nodes_heat[name] + f" {name} oil boiler",
nodes + f" {name} oil boiler",
p_nom_extendable=True,
bus0=spatial.oil.nodes,
bus1=nodes_heat[name] + f" {name} heat",
bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
bus2="co2 atmosphere",
carrier=f"{name} oil boiler",
efficiency=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"],