add simplified power distribution grid losses

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -592,6 +592,8 @@ sector:
     gas pipeline:
       efficiency_per_1000km: 1 #0.977
       compression_per_1000km: 0.01
+    electricity distribution grid:
+      efficiency_static: 0.97
   H2_network: true
   gas_network: false
   H2_retrofit: false

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,15 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Added default values for power distribution losses, assuming uniform losses of
+  3% on distribution grid links (cf. ``sector: transmission_efficiency:
+  electricity distribution grid: efficiency_static: 0.97``). Since distribution
+  losses are included in national load reports (cf. `this report
+  <https://nbviewer.org/github/Open-Power-System-Data/datapackage_timeseries/blob/2020-10-06/main.ipynb>`_),
+  these are deducted from the national load time series to avoid double counting
+  of losses. Further extensions to country-specific loss factors and
+  developments by planning horizon are planned.
+
 * Doubled solar rooftop potentials to roughly 1 TW for Europe based on `recent
   European Commission reports
   <https://www.epj-pv.org/articles/epjpv/full_html/2024/01/pv230071/pv230071.html>`_.

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -966,6 +966,16 @@ def insert_electricity_distribution_grid(n, costs):
         capital_cost=costs.at["electricity distribution grid", "fixed"] * cost_factor,
     )
 
+    # deduct distribution losses from electricity demand as these are included in total load
+    # https://nbviewer.org/github/Open-Power-System-Data/datapackage_timeseries/blob/2020-10-06/main.ipynb
+    if (
+        efficiency := options["transmission_efficiency"]
+        .get("electricity distribution grid", {})
+        .get("efficiency_static")
+    ):
+        logger.info(f"Deducting distribution losses from electricity demand: {100*(1-efficiency)}%")
+        n.loads_t.p_set.loc[:, n.loads.carrier == "electricity"] *= efficiency
+
     # this catches regular electricity load and "industry electricity" and
     # "agriculture machinery electric" and "agriculture electricity"
     loads = n.loads.index[n.loads.carrier.str.contains("electric")]