Merge pull request #1194 from PyPSA/biomass_import

Biomass import

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -620,6 +620,11 @@ sector:
     max_boost: 0.25
     var_cf: true
     sustainability_factor: 0.0025
+  solid_biomass_import:
+    enable: false
+    price: 54 #EUR/MWh
+    max_amount: 1390 # TWh
+    upstream_emissions_factor: .1 #share of solid biomass CO2 emissions at full combustion
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#industry
 industry:
@@ -1017,6 +1022,7 @@ plotting:
     biogas: '#e3d37d'
     biomass: '#baa741'
     solid biomass: '#baa741'
+    solid biomass import: '#d5ca8d'
     solid biomass transport: '#baa741'
     solid biomass for industry: '#7a6d26'
     solid biomass for industry CC: '#47411c'

doc/configtables/sector.csv

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ industry,--,"{true, false}",Flag to include industry sector.
 agriculture,--,"{true, false}",Flag to include agriculture sector.
 fossil_fuels,--,"{true, false}","Flag to include imports of fossil fuels ( [""coal"", ""gas"", ""oil"", ""lignite""])"
 district_heating,--,,`prepare_sector_network.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py>`_
--- potential,--,float,maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating. Ignored where below current fraction.
+-- potential,--,float,maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating
 -- progress,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys., Increase of today's district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share. Progress = 0 means today's district heating share. Progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating
 -- district_heating_loss,--,float,Share increase in district heat demand in urban central due to heat losses
 cluster_heat_buses,--,"{true, false}",Cluster residential and service heat buses in `prepare_sector_network.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py>`_  to one to save memory.
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming gas into heat using gas b
 resistive_heaters,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming electricity into heat using resistive heaters (independently from gas boilers)
 oil_boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming oil into heat using boilers
 biomass_boiler,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming biomass into heat using boilers
-overdimension_individual_heating,--,float,Add option for overdimensioning individual heating systems by a certain factor. This allows them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data with a setting of 1.1.
+overdimension_individual_heating,--,"float",Add option for overdimensioning individual heating systems by a certain factor. This allows them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data with a setting of 1.1.
 chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 micro_chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for decentral areas.
 solar_thermal,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using solar thermal to generate heat.
@@ -138,7 +138,6 @@ biomass_transport,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transporting solid biomass b
 biogas_upgrading_cc,--,"{true, false}",Add option to capture CO2 from biomass upgrading
 conventional_generation,,,Add a more detailed description of conventional carriers. Any power generation requires the consumption of fuel from nodes representing that fuel.
 biomass_to_liquid,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil
-electrobiofuels,--,"{true, false}","Add option for transforming solid biomass and hydrogen into liquid fuel to make more use of biogenic carbon, as a combination of BtL and Fischer-Tropsch"
 biosng,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas
 limit_max_growth,,,
 -- enable,--,"{true, false}",Add option to limit the maximum growth of a carrier
@@ -155,3 +154,8 @@ enhanced_geothermal,,,
 -- max_boost,--,float,The maximum boost in power output under flexible operation
 -- var_cf,--,"{true, false}",Add option for variable capacity factor (see Ricks et al. 2024)
 -- sustainability_factor,--,float,Share of sourced heat that is replenished by the earth's core (see details in `build_egs_potentials.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/build_egs_potentials.py>`_)
+solid_biomass_import,,,
+-- enable,--,"{true, false}",Add option to include solid biomass imports
+-- price,currency/MWh,float,Price for importing solid biomass
+-- max_amount,Twh,float,Maximum solid biomass import potential
+-- upstream_emissions_factor,p.u.,float,Upstream emissions of solid biomass imports

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
-* Add option to produce electrobiofuels from solid biomass and hydrogen, as a combination of BtL and Fischer-Tropsch to make more use of the biogenic carbon
+* Add option to import solid biomass
+
+* Add option to produce electrobiofuels (flag ``electrobiofuels`) from solid biomass and hydrogen, as a combination of BtL and Fischer-Tropsch to make more use of the biogenic carbon
 
 * Add flag ``sector: fossil_fuels`` in config to remove the option of importing fossil fuels
 

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -2291,6 +2291,54 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
         e_initial=solid_biomass_potentials_spatial,
     )
 
+    if options["solid_biomass_import"].get("enable", False):
+        biomass_import_price = options["solid_biomass_import"]["price"]
+        # convert TWh in MWh
+        biomass_import_max_amount = options["solid_biomass_import"]["max_amount"] * 1e6
+        biomass_import_upstream_emissions = options["solid_biomass_import"][
+            "upstream_emissions_factor"
+        ]
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Adding biomass import with cost %.2f EUR/MWh, a limit of %.2f TWh, and embedded emissions of %.2f%%",
+            biomass_import_price,
+            options["solid_biomass_import"]["max_amount"],
+            biomass_import_upstream_emissions * 100,
+        )
+
+        n.add("Carrier", "solid biomass import")
+
+        n.madd(
+            "Bus",
+            ["EU solid biomass import"],
+            location="EU",
+            carrier="solid biomass import",
+        )
+
+        n.madd(
+            "Store",
+            ["solid biomass import"],
+            bus=["EU solid biomass import"],
+            carrier="solid biomass import",
+            e_nom=biomass_import_max_amount,
+            marginal_cost=biomass_import_price,
+            e_initial=biomass_import_max_amount,
+        )
+
+        n.madd(
+            "Link",
+            spatial.biomass.nodes,
+            suffix=" solid biomass import",
+            bus0=["EU solid biomass import"],
+            bus1=spatial.biomass.nodes,
+            bus2="co2 atmosphere",
+            carrier="solid biomass import",
+            efficiency=1.0,
+            efficiency2=biomass_import_upstream_emissions
+            * costs.at["solid biomass", "CO2 intensity"],
+            p_nom_extendable=True,
+        )
+
     n.madd(
         "Link",
         spatial.gas.biogas_to_gas,