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carbon management

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This commit is contained in:
Fabian Neumann 2023-01-24 18:44:39 +01:00
parent 8bafaf25f7
commit 71e2a4943c
5 changed files with 91 additions and 11 deletions
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20
Snakefile
View File

@ -280,6 +280,23 @@ else:
build_biomass_transport_costs_output = {}
if config["sector"].get("sequestration_potential", False):
rule build_sequestration_potentials:
input:
sequestration_potential="data/complete_map_2020_unit_Mt.geojson",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
regions_offshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_offshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
output:
sequestration_potential="resources/co2_sequestration_potential_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=4000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_sequestration_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py"
build_sequestration_potentials_output = rules.build_sequestration_potentials.output
else:
build_sequestration_potentials_output = {}
rule build_salt_cavern_potentials:
input:
salt_caverns="data/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson",
@ -512,7 +529,8 @@ rule prepare_sector_network:
solar_thermal_rural="resources/solar_thermal_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc" if config["sector"]["solar_thermal"] else [],
**build_retro_cost_output,
**build_biomass_transport_costs_output,
**gas_infrastructure
**gas_infrastructure,
**build_sequestration_potentials_output
output: RDIR + '/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc'
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000

5
config.default.yaml
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@ -250,9 +250,11 @@ sector:
dac: true
co2_vent: false
SMR: true
sequestration_potential: true # geological co2 storage potential
co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2
co2_network: false
co2_spatial: false
co2network: false
cc_fraction: 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
hydrogen_underground_storage: true
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
@ -275,6 +277,7 @@ sector:
gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1 # https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation
gas_distribution_grid: true
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
biomass_spatial: false # biomass transport between nodes
biomass_transport: false # biomass transport between nodes
conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
OCGT: gas

48
scripts/build_sequestration_potentials.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd
def area(gdf):
"""Returns area of GeoDataFrame geometries in square kilometers."""
return gdf.to_crs(epsg=3035).area.div(1e6)
def allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, attr='conservative estimate Mt', threshold=3):
gdf = gdf.loc[gdf[attr] > threshold, [attr, "geometry"]]
gdf["area_sqkm"] = area(gdf)
overlay = gpd.overlay(regions, gdf, keep_geom_type=True)
overlay["share"] = area(overlay) / overlay["area_sqkm"]
adjust_cols = overlay.columns.difference({"name", "area_sqkm", "geometry", "share"})
overlay[adjust_cols] = overlay[adjust_cols].multiply(overlay["share"], axis=0)
gdf_regions = overlay.groupby("name").sum()
gdf_regions.drop(["area_sqkm", "share"], axis=1, inplace=True)
return gdf_regions.squeeze()
if __name__ == "__main__":
if 'snakemake' not in globals():
from helper import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
'build_sequestration_potentials',
simpl='',
clusters="181"
)
# TODO move to config.yaml
threshold = 3
include_onshore = False
gdf = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential)
regions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_offshore)
if include_onshore:
onregions = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.regions_onshore)
regions = pd.concat([regions, onregions]).dissolve(by='name').reset_index()
attr = snakemake.config['sector']["sequestration_potential"]
kwargs = dict(attr=attr, threshold=threshold) if isinstance(attr, str) else {}
s = allocate_sequestration_potential(gdf, regions, **kwargs)
s = s.where(s>threshold).dropna()
s.to_csv(snakemake.output.sequestration_potential)

2
scripts/helper.py
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@ -138,6 +138,6 @@ def parse(l):
def update_config_with_sector_opts(config, sector_opts):
for o in sector_opts.split("-"):
if o.startswith("CF:"):
if o.startswith("CF+"):
l = o.split("+")[1:]
update_config(config, parse(l))

27
scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
View File

@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
spatial.biomass = SimpleNamespace()
if options["biomass_transport"]:
if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]):
spatial.biomass.nodes = nodes + " solid biomass"
spatial.biomass.locations = nodes
spatial.biomass.industry = nodes + " solid biomass for industry"
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
spatial.co2 = SimpleNamespace()
if options["co2_network"]:
if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]):
spatial.co2.nodes = nodes + " co2 stored"
spatial.co2.locations = nodes
spatial.co2.vents = nodes + " co2 vent"
@ -88,8 +88,11 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
spatial.gas.locations = ["EU"]
spatial.gas.biogas = ["EU biogas"]
spatial.gas.industry = ["gas for industry"]
spatial.gas.industry_cc = ["gas for industry CC"]
spatial.gas.biogas_to_gas = ["EU biogas to gas"]
if options.get("co2_spatial", options["co2network"]):
spatial.gas.industry_cc = nodes + " gas for industry CC"
else:
spatial.gas.industry_cc = ["gas for industry CC"]
spatial.gas.df = pd.DataFrame(vars(spatial.gas), index=nodes)
@ -507,10 +510,18 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, options):
unit="t_co2"
)
if options["sequestration_potential"]:
# TODO make configurable options
upper_limit = 25000 # Mt
annualiser = 25 # TODO research suitable value
e_nom_max = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.sequestration_potential, index_col=0).squeeze()
e_nom_max = e_nom_max.reindex(spatial.co2.locations).fillna(0.).clip(upper=upper_limit).mul(1e6) / annualiser # t
e_nom_max = e_nom_max.rename(index=lambda x: x + " co2 stored")
n.madd("Store",
spatial.co2.nodes,
e_nom_extendable=True,
e_nom_max=np.inf,
e_nom_max=e_nom_max,
capital_cost=options['co2_sequestration_cost'],
carrier="co2 stored",
bus=spatial.co2.nodes
@ -1218,7 +1229,7 @@ def add_storage_and_grids(n, costs):
bus0=spatial.coal.nodes,
bus1=spatial.nodes,
bus2="co2 atmosphere",
bus3="co2 stored",
bus3=spatial.co2.nodes,
marginal_cost=costs.at['coal', 'efficiency'] * costs.at['coal', 'VOM'], #NB: VOM is per MWel
capital_cost=costs.at['coal', 'efficiency'] * costs.at['coal', 'fixed'] + costs.at['biomass CHP capture', 'fixed'] * costs.at['coal', 'CO2 intensity'], #NB: fixed cost is per MWel
p_nom_extendable=True,
@ -1828,7 +1839,7 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
else:
biogas_potentials_spatial = biomass_potentials["biogas"].sum()
if options["biomass_transport"]:
if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]):
solid_biomass_potentials_spatial = biomass_potentials["solid biomass"].rename(index=lambda x: x + " solid biomass")
else:
solid_biomass_potentials_spatial = biomass_potentials["solid biomass"].sum()
@ -2052,7 +2063,7 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
unit="MWh_LHV"
)
if options["biomass_transport"]:
if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]):
p_set = industrial_demand.loc[spatial.biomass.locations, "solid biomass"].rename(index=lambda x: x + " solid biomass for industry") / 8760
else:
p_set = industrial_demand["solid biomass"].sum() / 8760
@ -2775,7 +2786,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
if "noH2network" in opts:
remove_h2_network(n)
if options["co2_network"]:
if options["co2network"]:
add_co2_network(n, costs)
solver_name = snakemake.config["solving"]["solver"]["name"]