add ammonia as carrier: with Haber-Bosch, crackers, store, load

config.default.yaml

@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ sector:
     # - onshore  # more than 50 km from sea
     - nearshore  # within 50 km of sea
     # - offshore
+  ammonia: false
   use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
   use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
   electricity_distribution_grid: true
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@ industry:
     # 2040: 0.3
     # 2045: 0.25
     # 2050: 0.2
+  MWh_NH3_per_tNH3: 5.166 # LHV
   MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
   MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
   MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)

scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today.py

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ def industrial_energy_demand_per_country(country):
 
         df = df_dict[sheet][year].groupby(fuels).sum()
 
+        df["ammonia"] = 0.
+
         df['other'] = df['all'] - df.loc[df.index != 'all'].sum()
 
         return df
@@ -89,18 +91,21 @@ def add_ammonia_energy_demand(demand):
     fn = snakemake.input.ammonia_production
     ammonia = pd.read_csv(fn, index_col=0)[str(year)] / 1e3
 
-    def ammonia_by_fuel(x):
+    def get_ammonia_by_fuel(x):
 
         fuels = {'gas': config['MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR'],
                  'electricity': config['MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR']}
 
         return pd.Series({k: x*v for k,v in fuels.items()})
 
-    ammonia = ammonia.apply(ammonia_by_fuel).T
+    ammonia_by_fuel = ammonia.apply(get_ammonia_by_fuel).T
+    ammonia_by_fuel = ammonia_by_fuel.unstack().reindex(index=demand.index, fill_value=0.)
+
+    ammonia = pd.DataFrame({"ammonia": ammonia * config['MWh_NH3_per_tNH3']}).T
 
     demand['Ammonia'] = ammonia.unstack().reindex(index=demand.index, fill_value=0.)
 
-    demand['Basic chemicals (without ammonia)'] = demand["Basic chemicals"] - demand["Ammonia"]
+    demand['Basic chemicals (without ammonia)'] = demand["Basic chemicals"] - ammonia_by_fuel
 
     demand['Basic chemicals (without ammonia)'].clip(lower=0, inplace=True)
 

scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
             'build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node',
             simpl='',
             clusters=48,
+            planning_horizons=2030,
         )
         
     # import EU ratios df as csv

scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ index = [
     "hydrogen",
     "heat",
     "naphtha",
+    "ammonia",
     "process emission",
     "process emission from feedstock",
 ]
@@ -432,8 +433,11 @@ def chemicals_industry():
 
     sector = "Ammonia"
     df[sector] = 0.0
-    df.loc["hydrogen", sector] = config["MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis"]
+    if snakemake.config["sector"].get("ammonia", False):
-    df.loc["elec", sector] = config["MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis"]
+        df.loc["ammonia", sector] = config["MWh_NH3_per_tNH3"]
+    else:
+        df.loc["hydrogen", sector] = config["MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis"]
+        df.loc["elec", sector] = config["MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis"]
 
     # Chlorine
 

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -654,6 +654,59 @@ def add_generation(n, costs):
         )
 
 
+def add_ammonia(n, costs):
+
+    logger.info("adding ammonia carrier")
+
+    nodes = pop_layout.index
+
+    n.add("Carrier", "NH3")
+
+    n.madd("Bus",
+        nodes + " NH3",
+        location=nodes,
+        carrier="NH3"
+    )
+
+    n.madd("Link",
+        nodes,
+        suffix=" Haber-Bosch",
+        bus0=nodes,
+        bus1=nodes + " NH3",
+        bus2=nodes + " H2",
+        p_nom_extendable=True,
+        carrier="Haber-Bosch",
+        efficiency=+0.221, #MWh_e/MWh_NH3 0.247 https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
+        efficiency2=-1.226, #MWh_H2/MWh_NH3 1.148 https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
+        capital_cost=costs.at["Haber-Bosch synthesis", "fixed"],
+        lifetime=costs.at["Haber-Bosch synthesis", 'lifetime']
+    )
+
+    n.madd("Link",
+        nodes,
+        suffix=" ammonia cracker",
+        bus0=nodes + " NH3",
+        bus1=nodes + " H2",
+        p_nom_extendable=True,
+        carrier ="ammonia cracker",
+        efficiency=0.685, #MWh_H2/MWh_NH3 https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
+        capital_cost=costs.at["Ammonia cracker", "fixed"] * 0.685, # given per MWh_H2
+        lifetime=costs.at['Ammonia cracker', 'lifetime']
+    )
+
+    # Ammonia Storage
+    n.madd("Store",
+        nodes,
+        suffix=" ammonia store",
+        bus=nodes + " NH3",
+        e_nom_extendable=True,
+        e_cyclic=True,
+        carrier="ammonia store",
+        capital_cost=costs.at["NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction", "fixed"],
+        lifetime=costs.at['NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction', 'lifetime']
+    )
+
+
 def add_wave(n, wave_cost_factor):
 
     # TODO: handle in Snakefile
@@ -2148,6 +2201,15 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
         lifetime=costs.at['cement capture', 'lifetime']
     )
 
+    if options["ammonia"]:
+        n.madd("Load",
+            nodes,
+            suffix=" NH3",
+            bus=nodes + " NH3",
+            carrier="NH3",
+            p_set=industrial_demand.loc[nodes, "ammonia"] / 8760
+        )
+
 
 def add_waste_heat(n):
     # TODO options?
@@ -2377,6 +2439,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     if options['dac']:
         add_dac(n, costs)
 
+    if options['ammonia']:
+        add_ammonia(n, costs)
+
     if "decentral" in opts:
         decentral(n)