Merge pull request #918 from PyPSA/fneum/cp-from-ariadne2

Merge from `ariadne2`

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ existing_capacities:
   grouping_years_power: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030]
   grouping_years_heat: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019] # these should not extend 2020
   threshold_capacity: 10
+  default_heating_lifetime: 20
   conventional_carriers:
   - lignite
   - coal
@@ -482,6 +483,7 @@ sector:
   resistive_heaters: true
   oil_boilers: false
   biomass_boiler: true
+  overdimension_individual_heating: 1.1  #to cover demand peaks bigger than data
   chp: true
   micro_chp: false
   solar_thermal: true

doc/configtables/existing_capacities.csv

@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ grouping_years_power ,--,A list of years,Intervals to group existing capacities
 grouping_years_heat ,--,A list of years below 2020,Intervals to group existing capacities for heat
 
 threshold_capacity ,MW,float,Capacities generators and links of below threshold are removed during add_existing_capacities
+default_heating_lifetime ,years,int,Default lifetime for heating technologies
 conventional_carriers ,--,"Any subset of {uranium, coal, lignite, oil} ",List of conventional power plants to include in the sectoral network

doc/configtables/licenses-sector.csv

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ BASt emobility statistics,emobility/,unknown,http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechn
 BDEW heating profile,heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv,unknown,https://github.com/oemof/demandlib
 heating profiles for Aarhus,heat_load_profile_DK_AdamJensen.csv,unknown,Adam Jensen MA thesis at Aarhus University
 co2 budgets,co2_budget.csv,CC BY 4.0,https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11009
-existing heating potentials,existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv,unknown,https://ec.europa.eu/energy/studies/mapping-and-analyses-current-and-future-2020-2030-heatingcooling-fuel-deployment_en?redir=1
+existing heating potentials,existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv,unknown,https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/mapping-and-analyses-current-and-future-2020-2030-heatingcooling-fuel-deployment-fossilrenewables-1_en
 IRENA existing VRE capacities,existing_infrastructure/{solar|onwind|offwind}_capcity_IRENA.csv,unknown,https://www.irena.org/Statistics/Download-Data
 USGS ammonia production,myb1-2017-nitro.xls,unknown,https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/nitrogen-statistics-and-information
 hydrogen salt cavern potentials,h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson,CC BY 4.0,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.161 https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201910.0187.v1

doc/configtables/sector.csv

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming gas into heat using gas b
 resistive_heaters,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming electricity into heat using resistive heaters (independently from gas boilers)
 oil_boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming oil into heat using boilers
 biomass_boiler,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming biomass into heat using boilers
+overdimension_individual_heating,--,"float",Add option for overdimensioning individual heating systems by a certain factor. This allows them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data with a setting of 1.1.
 chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 micro_chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for decentral areas.
 solar_thermal,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using solar thermal to generate heat.

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,19 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Add new default to overdimension heating in individual buildings. This allows
+  them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data. The
+  disadvantage of manipulating the costs is that the capacity is then not quite
+  right. This way at least the costs are right.
+
+* Add option to specify to set a default heating lifetime for existing heating
+  (``existing_capacities: default_heating_lifetime:``).
+
+* Correctly source the existing heating technologies for buildings since the
+  source URL has changed. It represents the year 2012 and is only for
+  buildings, not district heating. So the capacities for urban central are now
+  set to zero from this source.
+
 * Remove long-deprecated function ``attach_extendable_generators`` in :mod:`add_electricity`.
 
 * The filtering of power plants in the ``config.default.yaml`` has been updated regarding phased-out power plants in 2023.

scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py

@@ -402,13 +402,6 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
     """
     logger.debug(f"Adding heating capacities installed before {baseyear}")
 
-    # Add existing heating capacities, data comes from the study
-    # "Mapping and analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030)
-    # heating/cooling fuel deployment (fossil/renewables) "
-    # https://ec.europa.eu/energy/studies/mapping-and-analyses-current-and-future-2020-2030-heatingcooling-fuel-deployment_en?redir=1
-    # file: "WP2_DataAnnex_1_BuildingTechs_ForPublication_201603.xls" -> "existing_heating_raw.csv".
-    # TODO start from original file
-
     existing_heating = pd.read_csv(
         snakemake.input.existing_heating_distribution, header=[0, 1], index_col=0
     )
@@ -436,7 +429,7 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
             if int(grouping_year) + default_lifetime <= int(baseyear):
                 continue
 
-            # installation is assumed to be linear for the past 25 years (default lifetime)
+            # installation is assumed to be linear for the past default_lifetime years
             ratio = (int(grouping_year) - int(grouping_years[i - 1])) / default_lifetime
 
             n.madd(
@@ -543,12 +536,6 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
                 ],
             )
 
-            # drop assets which are at the end of their lifetime
-            links_i = n.links[(n.links.build_year + n.links.lifetime <= baseyear)].index
-            logger.info("Removing following links because at end of their lifetime:")
-            logger.info(links_i)
-            n.mremove("Link", links_i)
-
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     if "snakemake" not in globals():
@@ -605,7 +592,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             .to_pandas()
             .reindex(index=n.snapshots)
         )
-        default_lifetime = snakemake.params.costs["fill_values"]["lifetime"]
+        default_lifetime = snakemake.params.existing_capacities[
+            "default_heating_lifetime"
+        ]
         add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
             n,
             baseyear,

scripts/build_existing_heating_distribution.py

@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ cc = coco.CountryConverter()
 def build_existing_heating():
     # retrieve existing heating capacities
 
+    # Add existing heating capacities, data comes from the study
+    # "Mapping and analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030)
+    # heating/cooling fuel deployment (fossil/renewables) "
+    # https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/mapping-and-analyses-current-and-future-2020-2030-heatingcooling-fuel-deployment-fossilrenewables-1_en
+    # file: "WP2_DataAnnex_1_BuildingTechs_ForPublication_201603.xls" -> "existing_heating_raw.csv".
+    # data is for buildings only (i.e. NOT district heating) and represents the year 2012
+    # TODO start from original file
+
     existing_heating = pd.read_csv(
         snakemake.input.existing_heating, index_col=0, header=0
     )
@@ -67,17 +75,17 @@ def build_existing_heating():
         nodal_sectoral_totals.sum(axis=1), axis=0
     )
 
-    nodal_heat_name_fraction = pd.DataFrame(dtype=float)
+    nodal_heat_name_fraction = pd.DataFrame(index=district_heat_info.index, dtype=float)
 
-    nodal_heat_name_fraction["urban central"] = dist_fraction
+    nodal_heat_name_fraction["urban central"] = 0.0
 
     for sector in sectors:
         nodal_heat_name_fraction[f"{sector} rural"] = nodal_sectoral_fraction[
             sector
         ] * (1 - urban_fraction)
-        nodal_heat_name_fraction[f"{sector} urban decentral"] = nodal_sectoral_fraction[
-            sector
-        ] * (urban_fraction - dist_fraction)
+        nodal_heat_name_fraction[f"{sector} urban decentral"] = (
+            nodal_sectoral_fraction[sector] * urban_fraction
+        )
 
     nodal_heat_name_tech = pd.concat(
         {

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -1680,6 +1680,8 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
 
     heat_demand = build_heat_demand(n)
 
+    overdim_factor = options["overdimension_individual_heating"]
+
     district_heat_info = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0)
     dist_fraction = district_heat_info["district fraction of node"]
     urban_fraction = district_heat_info["urban fraction"]
@@ -1814,7 +1816,8 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
                 carrier=f"{name} {heat_pump_type} heat pump",
                 efficiency=efficiency,
                 capital_cost=costs.at[costs_name, "efficiency"]
-                * costs.at[costs_name, "fixed"],
+                * costs.at[costs_name, "fixed"]
+                * overdim_factor,
                 p_nom_extendable=True,
                 lifetime=costs.at[costs_name, "lifetime"],
             )
@@ -1883,7 +1886,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
                 bus1=nodes + f" {name} heat",
                 carrier=name + " resistive heater",
                 efficiency=costs.at[key, "efficiency"],
-                capital_cost=costs.at[key, "efficiency"] * costs.at[key, "fixed"],
+                capital_cost=costs.at[key, "efficiency"]
+                * costs.at[key, "fixed"]
+                * overdim_factor,
                 p_nom_extendable=True,
                 lifetime=costs.at[key, "lifetime"],
             )
@@ -1901,7 +1906,9 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
                 carrier=name + " gas boiler",
                 efficiency=costs.at[key, "efficiency"],
                 efficiency2=costs.at["gas", "CO2 intensity"],
-                capital_cost=costs.at[key, "efficiency"] * costs.at[key, "fixed"],
+                capital_cost=costs.at[key, "efficiency"]
+                * costs.at[key, "fixed"]
+                * overdim_factor,
                 lifetime=costs.at[key, "lifetime"],
             )
 
@@ -1915,7 +1922,8 @@ def add_heat(n, costs):
                 bus=nodes + f" {name} heat",
                 carrier=name + " solar thermal",
                 p_nom_extendable=True,
-                capital_cost=costs.at[name_type + " solar thermal", "fixed"],
+                capital_cost=costs.at[name_type + " solar thermal", "fixed"]
+                * overdim_factor,
                 p_max_pu=solar_thermal[nodes],
                 lifetime=costs.at[name_type + " solar thermal", "lifetime"],
             )
@@ -2348,7 +2356,8 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
                 carrier=name + " biomass boiler",
                 efficiency=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"],
                 capital_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"]
-                * costs.at["biomass boiler", "fixed"],
+                * costs.at["biomass boiler", "fixed"]
+                * options["overdimension_individual_heating"],
                 marginal_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "pelletizing cost"],
                 lifetime=costs.at["biomass boiler", "lifetime"],
             )
@@ -2806,7 +2815,8 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
                 efficiency=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"],
                 efficiency2=costs.at["oil", "CO2 intensity"],
                 capital_cost=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"]
-                * costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "fixed"],
+                * costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "fixed"]
+                * options["overdimension_individual_heating"],
                 lifetime=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "lifetime"],
             )