bjoern/pypsa-eur
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions 1 Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

prepare_links_p_nom: Fix and update

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Jonas Hörsch 2018-08-27 14:13:53 +02:00
parent ae458abf5d
commit 64e89bfcc1
2 changed files with 50 additions and 50 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

96
data/links_p_nom.csv
View File

@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
Name,Converter station 1,Converter station 2,Total Length (Cable/Pole) (km),Volt (kV),Power (MW),Year,Type,Remarks,Ref,x1,y1,x2,y2
Elbe-Project,"Germany, Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E / 51.84444; 12.36389 (Elbe-Project - Vockerode Static Inverter Plant (today workshop))","Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E / 52.43028; 13.37833 (Elbe-Project - Marienfelde Static Inverter Plant (demolished, today hardware store)",115 (115/0),200,60.0,1945,Merc,Never placed in service Dismantled,,12.363888888888889,51.84444444444444,13.378333333333334,52.430277777777775
Gotland 1,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant),98 (98/0),200,20.0,1954,Merc,"World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986",[1][31],16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Cross-Channel,France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E / 50.69667; 1.63917 (Cross-Channel ( old) - Echingen Static Inverter Plant),UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E / 50.91500; 0.94722 (Cross-Channel ( old) - Lydd Static Inverter Plant),64 (64/0),100,160.0,1961,Merc,Shut down in 1984,[1],1.6391666666666667,50.696666666666665,0.9472222222222223,50.915
Volgograd-Donbass,Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E / 48.82611; 44.67222 (Volgograd-Donnbass - Volzhskaya Static Inverter Plant),Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E / 48.65361; 38.56556 (Volgograd-Donnbass - Mikhailovskaya Static Inverter Plant),475 (0/475),400,750.0,1965,Merc/Thyr,Shut down in 2014,[1],44.672222222222224,48.82611111111111,38.565555555555555,48.65361111111111
Konti-Skan 1,Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 (Konti-Skan - Vester Hassing Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E / 57.80417; 12.32028 (Konti-Skan 1 - Stenkullen Static Inverter Plant (dismantled)),176 (87/89),250,250.0,1965,Merc,Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors,[1],10.09,57.062777777777775,12.320277777777777,57.80416666666667
SACOI 1,Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (SACOI - Suvereto Static Inverter Plant) ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (SACOI - San Dalmazio Static Inverter Plant ( abandoned))),"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (SACOI - Lucciana Static Inverter Plant) ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (SACOI - Codrogianos Static Inverter Plant)",483 (365/118),200,200.0,1965,Merc,"Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme",[1],10.695,43.05277777777778,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778
Kingsnorth,UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E / 51.41972; 0.59611 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Kingsnorth Static Inverter Plant),UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W / 51.37306; -0.12722 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Beddington Static Inverter Plant),85 (85/0),266,320.0,1975,Merc,Bipolar scheme Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987,[32],0.5961111111111111,51.41972222222222,-0.1272222222222222,51.37305555555555
Skagerrak 1 + 2,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant),Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant),230 (130/100),250,500.0,1977,Thyr,Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007,[33][34][35],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
Gotland 2,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant),99.5 (92.9/6.6),150,130.0,1983,Thyr,,,16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new),France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E / 50.90306; 1.78472 (Cross-Channel ( new) - Les Mandarins Static Inverter Plant),UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E / 51.10583; 0.97556 (Cross-Channel ( new) - Sellindge Static Inverter Plant),72 (72/0),270,2000.0,1986,Thyr,2 bipolar systems Supplier: Alstom,[1][36],1.7847222222222223,50.903055555555554,0.9755555555555555,51.10583333333334
Gotland 3,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant),98 (98/0),150,130.0,1987,Thyr,,,16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Konti-Skan 2,"Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 (Konti-Skan - Vester Hassing Static Inverter Plant)",Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E / 57.60667; 12.11111 (Konti-Skan - Lindome Static Inverter Plant),147 (87/60),285,300.0,1988,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,10.09,57.062777777777775,12.11111111111111,57.60666666666667
Fenno-Skan,Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E / 61.15194; 21.62556 (Fenno-Skan - Rauma Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E / 60.40389; 18.13611 (Fenno-Skan - Dannebo Static Inverter Plant),233 (200/33),400,500.0,1989,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,21.625555555555554,61.151944444444446,18.136111111111113,60.403888888888886
SACOI 2,Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (SACOI - Suvereto Static Inverter Plant) ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (SACOI - San Dalmazio Static Inverter Plant ( abandoned))),"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (SACOI - Lucciana Static Inverter Plant) ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (SACOI - Codrogianos Static Inverter Plant)",422 (118/304),200,300.0,1992,Thyr,Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom,,10.695,43.05277777777778,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778
Skagerrak 3,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant),Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant),230 (130/100),350,440.0,1993,Thyr,Supplier: Nexans ABB,[33],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
Baltic Cable,Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E / 53.89611; 10.80250 (Baltic-Cable - Lubeck-Herrenwyk Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E / 55.50028; 13.14583 (Baltic-Cable - Kruseberg Static Inverter Plant),262 (250/12),450,600.0,1994,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,10.8025,53.89611111111111,13.145833333333334,55.500277777777775
Kontek,Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E / 55.45028; 12.00750 (Kontek - Bjæverskov Static Inverter Plant),Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E / 54.10083; 12.21694 (Kontek - Bentwisch Static Inverter Plant),170 (170/0),400,600.0,1996,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,12.0075,55.45027777777778,12.216944444444444,54.100833333333334
Hellsjön-Grängesberg,Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E / 60.04722; 15.14778 (Hellsjön-Grängesberg Transmission - Hellsjön Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E / 60.06472; 14.99417 (Hellsjön-Grängesberg Transmission - Grängesberg Static Inverter Plant),10 (0/10),180,3.0,1997,IGBT,Experimental HVDC Supplier: ABB,,15.147777777777778,60.047222222222224,14.994166666666667,60.06472222222222
Visby-Nas,Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E / 57.09944; 18.24083 (Visby-Nas Transmission - Nas Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E / 57.62472; 18.35500 (Visby-Nas Transmission - Visby Static Inverter Plant),70 (70/0),80,50.0,1999,Thyr,,,18.240833333333335,57.099444444444444,18.355,57.624722222222225
SwePol,Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E / 54.50222; 16.89111 (SwePol - Wierzbięcin (Slupsk) Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E / 56.15306; 14.84139 (SwePol - Stärnö Static Inverter Plant),245 (245/0),450,600.0,2000,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,[37],16.891111111111112,54.50222222222222,14.841388888888888,56.153055555555554
Tjæreborg,Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E / 55.44778; 8.59278 (Tjæreborg-Enge Transmission - Enge Static Inverter Plant),Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E / 55.46861; 8.56000 (Tjæreborg-Enge Transmission - Tjæreborg Static Inverter Plant),4.3 (4.3/0),9,7.0,2000,IGBT,Interconnection to wind power generating stations,,8.592777777777778,55.44777777777778,8.56,55.46861111111111
Italy-Greece,Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E / 39.18333; 20.96333 (Italy-Greece Transmission - Arachthos Static Inverter Plant),Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E / 40.16472; 18.13028 (Italy-Greece Transmission - Galatina Static Inverter Plant),310 (200/110),400,500.0,2001,Thyr,,,20.963333333333335,39.18333333333333,18.130277777777778,40.164722222222224
Moyle,UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W / 55.06944; -4.98056 (Moyle - Auchencrosh Static Inverter Plant),UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W / 54.84278; -5.76972 (Moyle - Ballycronan More Static Inverter Plant),63.5 (63.5/0),250,250.0,2001,Thyr,"Supplier: Siemens, Nexans",[38],-4.980555555555556,55.06944444444444,-5.769722222222223,54.842777777777776
HVDC Troll,Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E / 60.55028; 4.84056 (Kollsnes-Troll Transmission - Kollsnes Static Inverter Plant),Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E / 60.66667; 3.66667 (Kollsnes-Troll Transmission - Troll A Static Inverter Plant (situated on Troll A offshore platform)),70 (70/0),60,80.0,2004,IGBT,Power supply for offshore gas compressor Supplier: ABB,[39],4.8405555555555555,60.55027777777778,3.6666666666666665,60.666666666666664
Estlink,Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E / 59.38472; 24.56028 (Estlink - Harku Static Inverter Plant),Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E / 60.20389; 24.55167 (Estlink - Espoo Static Inverter Plant),105 (105/0),150,350.0,2006,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[39],24.560277777777777,59.38472222222222,24.551666666666666,60.20388888888889
NorNed,Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E / 53.43444; 6.86583 (NorNed - Eemshaven Static Inverter Plant),Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E / 58.28278; 6.86528 (NorNed - Feda Static Inverter Plant),580 (580/0),450,700.0,2008,Thyr,"Supplier: ABB, Nexans",[39],6.865833333333334,53.434444444444445,6.865277777777778,58.28277777777778
BritNed,UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E / 51.44000; 0.71667 (HVDC Britned - Grain Static Inverter Plant),Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E / 51.95750; 4.02139 (HVDC Britned - Maasvlakte Static Inverter Plant),245 (245/0),450,1000.0,2010,Thyr,Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens,[39][40] [41][42],0.7166666666666667,51.44,4.021388888888889,51.9575
StoreBælt,Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E / 55.36694; 10.50694 (HVDC StoreBælt - Fraugde Static Inverter Plant),Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E / 55.53139; 11.31694 (HVDC StoreBælt - Herslev Static Inverter Plant),56 (56/0),400,600.0,2010,Thyr,Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens,[39],10.506944444444445,55.36694444444444,11.316944444444445,55.53138888888889
Cometa,Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W / 39.64111; -0.23528 (Cometa - Morvedre HVDC Static Inverter),Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E / 39.53389; 2.50583 (Cometa - Santa Ponsa HVDC Static Inverter),247 (247/0),250,400.0,2011,Thyr,Expected completion 2011 Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables),[39],-0.23527777777777778,39.64111111111111,2.5058333333333334,39.53388888888889
Fenno-Skan 2,Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E / 61.15194; 21.62556 (Fenno-Skan - Rauma Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E / 60.42500; 17.06167 (Fenno-Skan - Finnbole HVDC Static Inverter),303 (200/103),500,800.0,2011,Thyr,,,21.625555555555554,61.151944444444446,17.061666666666667,60.425
SAPEI,Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E / 41.42972; 12.80694 (SAPEI - Latina Static Inverter Plant),Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E / 40.84139; 8.30583 (SAPEI - Fiume Santo Static Inverter Plant),435 (435/0),500,1000.0,2011,Thyr,The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB,[39][43][44],12.806944444444444,41.429722222222225,8.305833333333334,40.841388888888886
East West Interconnector,Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W / 53.47111; -6.56750 (East West Interconnector - Woodland HVDC Static Inverter),"UK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W / 53.22722; -3.07278 (East West Interconnector - Shotton HVDC Static Inverter)",130 (130/0),±200,500.0,2012,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[50],-6.5675,53.471111111111114,-3.0727777777777776,53.227222222222224
Estlink 2,Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E / 59.37028; 27.06806 (Estlink 2 - Püssi Static Inverter Plant),Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E / 60.37667; 25.36694 (Estlink 2 - Anttila Static Inverter Plant),171 (157/14),450,650.0,2014,Thyr,"Supplier: Siemens, Nexans",,27.068055555555556,59.37027777777778,25.366944444444446,60.376666666666665
BorWin2,Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E / 53.12500; 7.30806 (BorWin2 - Diele Static Inverter Plant),Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E / 54.35500; 6.02500 (BorWin2 - BorWin Beta platform),200 (200/0),±300,800.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[57],7.308055555555556,53.125,6.025,54.355
DolWin1,Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E / 52.98250; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin1 - Heede Static Inverter Plant),Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E / 53.99500; 6.42111 (DolWin1 - DolWin Alpha platform),165 (165/0),±320,800.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier:ABB,[58],7.2572222222222225,52.9825,6.421111111111111,53.995
HelWin1,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC HelWin1 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant),Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E / 54.45194; 7.73889 (HelWin1 - HelWin Alpha platform),130 (130/0),±250,576.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[59],9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.738888888888889,54.45194444444444
HelWin2,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC HelWin2 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant),Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E / 54.45306; 7.73889 (HelWin2 - HelWin Beta platform),130 (130/0),±320,690.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,,9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.738888888888889,54.45305555555556
INELEF,France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E / 42.73222; 2.80389 (INELFE - Baixas Static Inverter Plant),Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E / 42.23306; 2.94417 (INELFE - Santa Llogaia Static Inverter Plant),64 (64/0),±320,2000.0,2015,IGBT,"Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8km tunnel near HSR",[60] [61][62][63],2.803888888888889,42.73222222222222,2.944166666666667,42.23305555555555
NordBalt,Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E / 56.76778; 15.85417 (NordBalt - Nybro Static Inverter Plant),Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E / 55.68167; 21.25667 (NordBalt - Klaipeda Static Inverter Plant),450 (450/0),300,700.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[68],15.854166666666666,56.76777777777778,21.256666666666668,55.681666666666665
Skagerrak 4,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant),Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant),244 (244/0),500,700.0,2015,IGBT,"Suppliers: Nexans, ABB",[69],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
SylWin1,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC SylWin1 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant),Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E / 55.06306; 7.24111 (SylWin1 - SylWin Alpha platform),205 (205/0),±320,864.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[70],9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.2411111111111115,55.06305555555556
DolWin2,Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E / 52.98111; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin1 - Heede Static Inverter Plant),Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E / 53.97806; 6.92306 (DolWin2 - DolWin Beta platform),135 (135/0),±320,900.0,2016,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[77],7.2572222222222225,52.98111111111111,6.923055555555555,53.97805555555556
SydVästlänken,Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E / 57.74778; 14.65528 (SydVästlänken - Barkeryd Static Inverter Plant),Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E / 55.83306; 13.60222 (SydVästlänken - Hurva Static Inverter Plant),260 (197/63),±300,,2016,IGBT,Supplier: Alstom,,14.655277777777778,57.74777777777778,13.602222222222222,55.83305555555555
DolWin3,Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E / 52.98250; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin3 - Heede Static Inverter Plant),Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E / 53.99500; 6.42111 (DolWin3 - DolWin Gamma platform),160 (160/0),±320,900.0,2017,IGBT,Supplier: Alstom,[78],7.2572222222222225,52.9825,6.421111111111111,53.995
HVDC MON.ITA Project,Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E / 42.39472; 14.12500 (HVDC MON.ITA Cepagatti Static Inverter Plant),Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E / 42.31750; 18.79472 (HVDC MON.ITA Lastva Grbaljska Static Inverter Plant),415 (415/0),±500,1000.0,2017,Thyr,Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables).,[79][80][81],14.125,42.39472222222222,18.794722222222223,42.3175
Western HVDC Link,UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W / 55.72111; -4.88528 (Western HVDC Link - Hunterston Static Inverter Plant),UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W / 53.23167; -3.03278 (Western HVDC Link - Flintshire Bridge Static Inverter Plant),422 (422/0),600,2200.0,2017-18,Thyr,"Supplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens First subsea 600kV link",[82][83],-4.885277777777778,55.721111111111114,-3.0327777777777776,53.23166666666667
NORD.LINK,Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E / 58.66861; 6.75444 (Nordlink - Tonstad Static Inverter Plant),Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E / 53.92167; 9.34472 (Nordlink - Wilster Static Inverter Plant),623 (570/53),525,1400.0,2020,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,[104][105][106],6.754444444444444,58.66861111111111,9.344722222222222,53.92166666666667
Name,Converterstation 1,Converterstation 2,Total Length (Cable/Pole) (km),Volt (kV),Power (MW),Year,Type,Remarks,Ref,x1,y1,x2,y2
Elbe-Project,"Germany, Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E","Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E",115(115/0),200,60.0,1945,Merc,Never placed in service Dismantled,,12.363888888888889,51.84444444444444,13.378333333333334,52.430277777777775
Gotland 1,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E,Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E,98(98/0),200,20.0,1954,Merc,"World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986",[1][32],16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Cross-Channel,France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E,UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E,64(64/0),100,160.0,1961,Merc,Shut down in 1984,[1],1.6391666666666667,50.696666666666665,0.9472222222222223,50.915
Volgograd-Donbass,Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E,Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E,475(0/475),400,750.0,1965,Merc/Thyr,Shut down in 2014,[1],44.672222222222224,48.82611111111111,38.565555555555555,48.65361111111111
Konti-Skan 1,Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E,Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E,176(87/89),250,250.0,1965,Merc,Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors,[1],10.09,57.062777777777775,12.320277777777777,57.80416666666667
SACOI 1,Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E),"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E",483(365/118),200,200.0,1965,Merc,"Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme",[1],10.695,43.05277777777778,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778
Kingsnorth,UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E,UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W,85(85/0),266,320.0,1975,Merc,Bipolar scheme Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987,[33],0.5961111111111111,51.41972222222222,-0.1272222222222222,51.37305555555555
Skagerrak 1 + 2,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E,Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E,230(130/100),250,500.0,1977,Thyr,Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007,[34][35][36],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
Gotland 2,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E,Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E,99.5(92.9/6.6),150,130.0,1983,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new),France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E,UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E,72(72/0),270,2000.0,1986,Thyr,2 bipolar systems Supplier: Alstom,[1][37],1.7847222222222223,50.903055555555554,0.9755555555555555,51.10583333333334
Gotland 3,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E,Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E,98(98/0),150,130.0,1987,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Konti-Skan 2,"Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E",Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E,147(87/60),285,300.0,1988,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,10.09,57.062777777777775,12.11111111111111,57.60666666666667
Fenno-Skan,Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E,Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E,233(200/33),400,500.0,1989,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,21.625555555555554,61.151944444444446,18.136111111111113,60.403888888888886
SACOI 2,Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E),"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E",422(118/304),200,300.0,1992,Thyr,Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom,,10.695,43.05277777777778,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778
Skagerrak 3,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E,Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E,230(130/100),350,440.0,1993,Thyr,Supplier: Nexans ABB,[34],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
Baltic Cable,Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E,Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E,262(250/12),450,600.0,1994,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,10.8025,53.89611111111111,13.145833333333334,55.500277777777775
Kontek,Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E,Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E,170(170/0),400,600.0,1996,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,12.0075,55.45027777777778,12.216944444444444,54.100833333333334
Hellsjön-Grängesberg,Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E,Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E,10(0/10),180,3.0,1997,IGBT,Experimental HVDC Supplier: ABB,,15.147777777777778,60.047222222222224,14.994166666666667,60.06472222222222
Visby-Nas,Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E,Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E,70(70/0),80,50.0,1999,Thyr,,,18.240833333333335,57.099444444444444,18.355,57.624722222222225
SwePol,Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E,Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E,245(245/0),450,600.0,2000,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,[38],16.891111111111112,54.50222222222222,14.841388888888888,56.153055555555554
Tjæreborg,Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E,Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E,4.3(4.3/0),9,7.0,2000,IGBT,Interconnection to wind power generating stations,,8.592777777777778,55.44777777777778,8.56,55.46861111111111
Italy-Greece,Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E,Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E,310(200/110),400,500.0,2001,Thyr,,,20.963333333333335,39.18333333333333,18.130277777777778,40.164722222222224
Moyle,UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W,UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W,63.5(63.5/0),250,2501.0,2001,Thyr,"Supplier: Siemens, Nexans",[39],-4.980555555555556,55.06944444444444,-5.769722222222223,54.842777777777776
HVDC Troll,Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E,Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E,70(70/0),60,80.0,2004,IGBT,Power supply for offshore gas compressor Supplier: ABB,[40],4.8405555555555555,60.55027777777778,3.6666666666666665,60.666666666666664
Estlink,Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E,Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E,105(105/0),150,350.0,2006,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[40],24.551666666666666,60.20388888888889,24.560277777777777,59.38472222222222
NorNed,Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E,Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E,580(580/0),450,700.0,2008,Thyr,"Supplier: ABB, Nexans",[40],6.865833333333334,53.434444444444445,6.865277777777778,58.28277777777778
BritNed,UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E,Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E,245(245/0),450,1000.0,2010,Thyr,Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens,[40][41] [42][43],0.7166666666666667,51.44,4.021388888888889,51.9575
StoreBælt,Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E,Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E,56(56/0),400,600.0,2010,Thyr,Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens,[40],10.506944444444445,55.36694444444444,11.316944444444445,55.53138888888889
Cometa,Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W,Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E,247(247/0),250,400.0,2011,Thyr,Expected completion 2011 Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables),[40],-0.23527777777777778,39.64111111111111,2.5058333333333334,39.53388888888889
Fenno-Skan 2,Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E,Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E,303(200/103),500,800.0,2011,Thyr,,,21.625555555555554,61.151944444444446,17.061666666666667,60.425
SAPEI,Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E,Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E,435(435/0),500,1000.0,2011,Thyr,The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB,[40][44][45],12.806944444444444,41.429722222222225,8.305833333333334,40.841388888888886
East West Interconnector,Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W,"UK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W",130(130/0),±200,500.0,2012,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[51],-6.5675,53.471111111111114,-3.0727777777777776,53.227222222222224
Estlink 2,Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E,Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E,171(157/14),450,650.0,2014,Thyr,"Supplier: Siemens, Nexans",,25.366944444444446,60.376666666666665,27.068055555555556,59.37027777777778
BorWin2,Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E,Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E,200(200/0),±300,800.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[58],7.308055555555556,53.125,6.025,54.355
DolWin1,Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E,Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E,165(165/0),±320,800.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier:ABB,[59],7.2572222222222225,52.9825,6.421111111111111,53.995
HelWin1,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E,Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E,130(130/0),±250,576.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[60],9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.738888888888889,54.45194444444444
HelWin2,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E,Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E,130(130/0),±320,690.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,,9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.738888888888889,54.45305555555556
INELFE,France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E,Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E,64(64/0),±320,2000.0,2015,IGBT,"Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8km tunnel near HSR",[61] [62][63][64],2.803888888888889,42.73222222222222,2.944166666666667,42.23305555555555
NordBalt,Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E,Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E,450(450/0),300,700.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[69],15.854166666666666,56.76777777777778,21.256666666666668,55.681666666666665
Skagerrak 4,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E,Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E,244(244/0),500,700.0,2015,IGBT,"Suppliers: Nexans, ABB",[70],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
SylWin1,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E,Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E,205(205/0),±320,864.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[71],9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.2411111111111115,55.06305555555556
DolWin2,Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E,Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E,135(135/0),±320,900.0,2016,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[78],7.2572222222222225,52.98111111111111,6.923055555555555,53.97805555555556
SydVästlänken,Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E,Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E,260(197/63),±300,,2016,IGBT,Supplier: Alstom,,14.655277777777778,57.74777777777778,13.602222222222222,55.83305555555555
DolWin3,Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E,Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E,160(160/0),±320,900.0,2017,IGBT,Supplier: Alstom,[79],7.2572222222222225,52.9825,6.421111111111111,53.995
HVDC MON.ITA Project,Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E,Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E,415(415/0),±500,1000.0,2017,Thyr,Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables).,[80][81][82],14.125,42.39472222222222,18.794722222222223,42.3175
Western HVDC Link,UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W,UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W,422(422/0),600,2200.0,2017-18,Thyr,"Supplier: Prysmian Group, SiemensFirst subsea 600kV link",[83][84],-4.885277777777778,55.721111111111114,-3.0327777777777776,53.23166666666667
NORD.LINK,Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E,Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E,623(570/53),525,1400.0,2020,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[105][106][107],6.754444444444444,58.66861111111111,9.344722222222222,53.92166666666667

1 Name Converter station 1 Converterstation 1 Converter station 2 Converterstation 2 Total Length (Cable/Pole) (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref x1 y1 x2 y2
2 Elbe-Project Germany, Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E / 51.84444; 12.36389 (Elbe-Project - Vockerode Static Inverter Plant (today workshop)) Germany, Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E / 52.43028; 13.37833 (Elbe-Project - Marienfelde Static Inverter Plant (demolished, today hardware store) Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E 115 (115/0) 115(115/0) 200 60.0 1945 Merc Never placed in service Dismantled 12.363888888888889 51.84444444444444 13.378333333333334 52.430277777777775
3 Gotland 1 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E 98 (98/0) 98(98/0) 200 20.0 1954 Merc World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986 [1][31] [1][32] 16.6475 57.72805555555556 18.195555555555554 57.58694444444444
4 Cross-Channel France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E / 50.69667; 1.63917 (Cross-Channel ( old) - Echingen Static Inverter Plant) France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E / 50.91500; 0.94722 (Cross-Channel ( old) - Lydd Static Inverter Plant) UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E 64 (64/0) 64(64/0) 100 160.0 1961 Merc Shut down in 1984 [1] 1.6391666666666667 50.696666666666665 0.9472222222222223 50.915
5 Volgograd-Donbass Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E / 48.82611; 44.67222 (Volgograd-Donnbass - Volzhskaya Static Inverter Plant) Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E / 48.65361; 38.56556 (Volgograd-Donnbass - Mikhailovskaya Static Inverter Plant) Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E 475 (0/475) 475(0/475) 400 750.0 1965 Merc/Thyr Shut down in 2014 [1] 44.672222222222224 48.82611111111111 38.565555555555555 48.65361111111111
6 Konti-Skan 1 Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 (Konti-Skan - Vester Hassing Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E / 57.80417; 12.32028 (Konti-Skan 1 - Stenkullen Static Inverter Plant (dismantled)) Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E 176 (87/89) 176(87/89) 250 250.0 1965 Merc Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors [1] 10.09 57.062777777777775 12.320277777777777 57.80416666666667
7 SACOI 1 Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (SACOI - Suvereto Static Inverter Plant) ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (SACOI - San Dalmazio Static Inverter Plant ( abandoned))) Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (SACOI - Lucciana Static Inverter Plant) ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (SACOI - Codrogianos Static Inverter Plant) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E 483 (365/118) 483(365/118) 200 200.0 1965 Merc Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme [1] 10.695 43.05277777777778 9.449722222222222 42.52777777777778
8 Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E / 51.41972; 0.59611 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Kingsnorth Static Inverter Plant) UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W / 51.37306; -0.12722 (Kingsnorth Transmission - Beddington Static Inverter Plant) UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W 85 (85/0) 85(85/0) 266 320.0 1975 Merc Bipolar scheme Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987 [32] [33] 0.5961111111111111 51.41972222222222 -0.1272222222222222 51.37305555555555
9 Skagerrak 1 + 2 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 230 (130/100) 230(130/100) 250 500.0 1977 Thyr Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007 [33][34][35] [34][35][36] 9.566944444444445 56.47888888888889 7.898611111111111 58.26
10 Gotland 2 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E 99.5 (92.9/6.6) 99.5(92.9/6.6) 150 130.0 1983 Thyr Supplier: ABB 16.6475 57.72805555555556 18.195555555555554 57.58694444444444
11 Interconnexion France Angleterre (new) France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E / 50.90306; 1.78472 (Cross-Channel ( new) - Les Mandarins Static Inverter Plant) France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E / 51.10583; 0.97556 (Cross-Channel ( new) - Sellindge Static Inverter Plant) UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E 72 (72/0) 72(72/0) 270 2000.0 1986 Thyr 2 bipolar systems Supplier: Alstom [1][36] [1][37] 1.7847222222222223 50.903055555555554 0.9755555555555555 51.10583333333334
12 Gotland 3 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E / 57.72806; 16.64750 (Gotland Transmission - Västervik Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E / 57.58694; 18.19556 (Gotland Transmission - Yigne Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E 98 (98/0) 98(98/0) 150 130.0 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB 16.6475 57.72805555555556 18.195555555555554 57.58694444444444
13 Konti-Skan 2 Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E / 57.06278; 10.09000 (Konti-Skan - Vester Hassing Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Vester, Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E / 57.60667; 12.11111 (Konti-Skan - Lindome Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E 147 (87/60) 147(87/60) 285 300.0 1988 Thyr Supplier: ABB 10.09 57.062777777777775 12.11111111111111 57.60666666666667
14 Fenno-Skan Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E / 61.15194; 21.62556 (Fenno-Skan - Rauma Static Inverter Plant) Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E / 60.40389; 18.13611 (Fenno-Skan - Dannebo Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E 233 (200/33) 233(200/33) 400 500.0 1989 Thyr Supplier: ABB 21.625555555555554 61.151944444444446 18.136111111111113 60.403888888888886
15 SACOI 2 Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E / 43.05278; 10.69500 (SACOI - Suvereto Static Inverter Plant) ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E / 43.26194; 10.91806 (SACOI - San Dalmazio Static Inverter Plant ( abandoned))) Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E / 42.52778; 9.44972 (SACOI - Lucciana Static Inverter Plant) ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E / 40.65194; 8.71333 (SACOI - Codrogianos Static Inverter Plant) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E ; Codrongianos, Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E 422 (118/304) 422(118/304) 200 300.0 1992 Thyr Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom 10.695 43.05277777777778 9.449722222222222 42.52777777777778
16 Skagerrak 3 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 230 (130/100) 230(130/100) 350 440.0 1993 Thyr Supplier: Nexans ABB [33] [34] 9.566944444444445 56.47888888888889 7.898611111111111 58.26
17 Baltic Cable Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E / 53.89611; 10.80250 (Baltic-Cable - Lubeck-Herrenwyk Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E / 55.50028; 13.14583 (Baltic-Cable - Kruseberg Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E 262 (250/12) 262(250/12) 450 600.0 1994 Thyr Supplier: ABB 10.8025 53.89611111111111 13.145833333333334 55.500277777777775
18 Kontek Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E / 55.45028; 12.00750 (Kontek - Bjæverskov Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E / 54.10083; 12.21694 (Kontek - Bentwisch Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E 170 (170/0) 170(170/0) 400 600.0 1996 Thyr Supplier: ABB 12.0075 55.45027777777778 12.216944444444444 54.100833333333334
19 Hellsjön-Grängesberg Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E / 60.04722; 15.14778 (Hellsjön-Grängesberg Transmission - Hellsjön Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E / 60.06472; 14.99417 (Hellsjön-Grängesberg Transmission - Grängesberg Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E 10 (0/10) 10(0/10) 180 3.0 1997 IGBT Experimental HVDC Supplier: ABB 15.147777777777778 60.047222222222224 14.994166666666667 60.06472222222222
20 Visby-Nas Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E / 57.09944; 18.24083 (Visby-Nas Transmission - Nas Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E / 57.62472; 18.35500 (Visby-Nas Transmission - Visby Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E 70 (70/0) 70(70/0) 80 50.0 1999 Thyr 18.240833333333335 57.099444444444444 18.355 57.624722222222225
21 SwePol Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E / 54.50222; 16.89111 (SwePol - Wierzbięcin (Slupsk) Static Inverter Plant) Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E / 56.15306; 14.84139 (SwePol - Stärnö Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E 245 (245/0) 245(245/0) 450 600.0 2000 Thyr Supplier: ABB [37] [38] 16.891111111111112 54.50222222222222 14.841388888888888 56.153055555555554
22 Tjæreborg Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E / 55.44778; 8.59278 (Tjæreborg-Enge Transmission - Enge Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E / 55.46861; 8.56000 (Tjæreborg-Enge Transmission - Tjæreborg Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E 4.3 (4.3/0) 4.3(4.3/0) 9 7.0 2000 IGBT Interconnection to wind power generating stations 8.592777777777778 55.44777777777778 8.56 55.46861111111111
23 Italy-Greece Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E / 39.18333; 20.96333 (Italy-Greece Transmission - Arachthos Static Inverter Plant) Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E / 40.16472; 18.13028 (Italy-Greece Transmission - Galatina Static Inverter Plant) Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E 310 (200/110) 310(200/110) 400 500.0 2001 Thyr 20.963333333333335 39.18333333333333 18.130277777777778 40.164722222222224
24 Moyle UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W / 55.06944; -4.98056 (Moyle - Auchencrosh Static Inverter Plant) UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W / 54.84278; -5.76972 (Moyle - Ballycronan More Static Inverter Plant) UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W 63.5 (63.5/0) 63.5(63.5/0) 250 250.0 2501.0 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans [38] [39] -4.980555555555556 55.06944444444444 -5.769722222222223 54.842777777777776
25 HVDC Troll Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E / 60.55028; 4.84056 (Kollsnes-Troll Transmission - Kollsnes Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E / 60.66667; 3.66667 (Kollsnes-Troll Transmission - Troll A Static Inverter Plant (situated on Troll A offshore platform)) Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E 70 (70/0) 70(70/0) 60 80.0 2004 IGBT Power supply for offshore gas compressor Supplier: ABB [39] [40] 4.8405555555555555 60.55027777777778 3.6666666666666665 60.666666666666664
26 Estlink Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E / 59.38472; 24.56028 (Estlink - Harku Static Inverter Plant) Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E / 60.20389; 24.55167 (Estlink - Espoo Static Inverter Plant) Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E 105 (105/0) 105(105/0) 150 350.0 2006 IGBT Supplier: ABB [39] [40] 24.560277777777777 24.551666666666666 59.38472222222222 60.20388888888889 24.551666666666666 24.560277777777777 60.20388888888889 59.38472222222222
27 NorNed Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E / 53.43444; 6.86583 (NorNed - Eemshaven Static Inverter Plant) Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E / 58.28278; 6.86528 (NorNed - Feda Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E 580 (580/0) 580(580/0) 450 700.0 2008 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Nexans [39] [40] 6.865833333333334 53.434444444444445 6.865277777777778 58.28277777777778
28 BritNed UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E / 51.44000; 0.71667 (HVDC Britned - Grain Static Inverter Plant) UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E / 51.95750; 4.02139 (HVDC Britned - Maasvlakte Static Inverter Plant) Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E 245 (245/0) 245(245/0) 450 1000.0 2010 Thyr Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens [39][40] [41][42] [40][41] [42][43] 0.7166666666666667 51.44 4.021388888888889 51.9575
29 StoreBælt Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E / 55.36694; 10.50694 (HVDC StoreBælt - Fraugde Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E / 55.53139; 11.31694 (HVDC StoreBælt - Herslev Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E 56 (56/0) 56(56/0) 400 600.0 2010 Thyr Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens [39] [40] 10.506944444444445 55.36694444444444 11.316944444444445 55.53138888888889
30 Cometa Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W / 39.64111; -0.23528 (Cometa - Morvedre HVDC Static Inverter) Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E / 39.53389; 2.50583 (Cometa - Santa Ponsa HVDC Static Inverter) Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E 247 (247/0) 247(247/0) 250 400.0 2011 Thyr Expected completion 2011 Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables) [39] [40] -0.23527777777777778 39.64111111111111 2.5058333333333334 39.53388888888889
31 Fenno-Skan 2 Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E / 61.15194; 21.62556 (Fenno-Skan - Rauma Static Inverter Plant) Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E / 60.42500; 17.06167 (Fenno-Skan - Finnbole HVDC Static Inverter) Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E 303 (200/103) 303(200/103) 500 800.0 2011 Thyr 21.625555555555554 61.151944444444446 17.061666666666667 60.425
32 SAPEI Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E / 41.42972; 12.80694 (SAPEI - Latina Static Inverter Plant) Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E / 40.84139; 8.30583 (SAPEI - Fiume Santo Static Inverter Plant) Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E 435 (435/0) 435(435/0) 500 1000.0 2011 Thyr The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB [39][43][44] [40][44][45] 12.806944444444444 41.429722222222225 8.305833333333334 40.841388888888886
33 East West Interconnector Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W / 53.47111; -6.56750 (East West Interconnector - Woodland HVDC Static Inverter) Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W UK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W / 53.22722; -3.07278 (East West Interconnector - Shotton HVDC Static Inverter) UK - Shotton, Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W 130 (130/0) 130(130/0) ±200 500.0 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [50] [51] -6.5675 53.471111111111114 -3.0727777777777776 53.227222222222224
34 Estlink 2 Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E / 59.37028; 27.06806 (Estlink 2 - Püssi Static Inverter Plant) Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E / 60.37667; 25.36694 (Estlink 2 - Anttila Static Inverter Plant) Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E 171 (157/14) 171(157/14) 450 650.0 2014 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans 27.068055555555556 25.366944444444446 59.37027777777778 60.376666666666665 25.366944444444446 27.068055555555556 60.376666666666665 59.37027777777778
35 BorWin2 Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E / 53.12500; 7.30806 (BorWin2 - Diele Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E / 54.35500; 6.02500 (BorWin2 - BorWin Beta platform) Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E 200 (200/0) 200(200/0) ±300 800.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [57] [58] 7.308055555555556 53.125 6.025 54.355
36 DolWin1 Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E / 52.98250; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin1 - Heede Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E / 53.99500; 6.42111 (DolWin1 - DolWin Alpha platform) Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E 165 (165/0) 165(165/0) ±320 800.0 2015 IGBT Supplier:ABB [58] [59] 7.2572222222222225 52.9825 6.421111111111111 53.995
37 HelWin1 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC HelWin1 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E / 54.45194; 7.73889 (HelWin1 - HelWin Alpha platform) Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E 130 (130/0) 130(130/0) ±250 576.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [59] [60] 9.231944444444444 53.91694444444445 7.738888888888889 54.45194444444444
38 HelWin2 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC HelWin2 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E / 54.45306; 7.73889 (HelWin2 - HelWin Beta platform) Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E 130 (130/0) 130(130/0) ±320 690.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens 9.231944444444444 53.91694444444445 7.738888888888889 54.45305555555556
39 INELEF INELFE France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E / 42.73222; 2.80389 (INELFE - Baixas Static Inverter Plant) France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E / 42.23306; 2.94417 (INELFE - Santa Llogaia Static Inverter Plant) Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E 64 (64/0) 64(64/0) ±320 2000.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8km tunnel near HSR [60] [61][62][63] [61] [62][63][64] 2.803888888888889 42.73222222222222 2.944166666666667 42.23305555555555
40 NordBalt Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E / 56.76778; 15.85417 (NordBalt - Nybro Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E / 55.68167; 21.25667 (NordBalt - Klaipeda Static Inverter Plant) Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E 450 (450/0) 450(450/0) 300 700.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [68] [69] 15.854166666666666 56.76777777777778 21.256666666666668 55.681666666666665
41 Skagerrak 4 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E / 56.47889; 9.56694 (Skagerrak - Tjele Static Inverter Plant) Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E / 58.26000; 7.89861 (Skagerrak - Kristiansand Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 244 (244/0) 244(244/0) 500 700.0 2015 IGBT Suppliers: Nexans, ABB [69] [70] 9.566944444444445 56.47888888888889 7.898611111111111 58.26
42 SylWin1 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E / 53.91694; 9.23194 (HVDC SylWin1 - Büttel Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E / 55.06306; 7.24111 (SylWin1 - SylWin Alpha platform) Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E 205 (205/0) 205(205/0) ±320 864.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [70] [71] 9.231944444444444 53.91694444444445 7.2411111111111115 55.06305555555556
43 DolWin2 Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E / 52.98111; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin1 - Heede Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E / 53.97806; 6.92306 (DolWin2 - DolWin Beta platform) Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E 135 (135/0) 135(135/0) ±320 900.0 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [77] [78] 7.2572222222222225 52.98111111111111 6.923055555555555 53.97805555555556
44 SydVästlänken Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E / 57.74778; 14.65528 (SydVästlänken - Barkeryd Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E / 55.83306; 13.60222 (SydVästlänken - Hurva Static Inverter Plant) Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E 260 (197/63) 260(197/63) ±300 2016 IGBT Supplier: Alstom 14.655277777777778 57.74777777777778 13.602222222222222 55.83305555555555
45 DolWin3 Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E / 52.98250; 7.25722 (HVDC DolWin3 - Heede Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E / 53.99500; 6.42111 (DolWin3 - DolWin Gamma platform) Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E 160 (160/0) 160(160/0) ±320 900.0 2017 IGBT Supplier: Alstom [78] [79] 7.2572222222222225 52.9825 6.421111111111111 53.995
46 HVDC MON.ITA Project Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E / 42.39472; 14.12500 (HVDC MON.ITA Cepagatti Static Inverter Plant) Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E / 42.31750; 18.79472 (HVDC MON.ITA Lastva Grbaljska Static Inverter Plant) Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E 415 (415/0) 415(415/0) ±500 1000.0 2017 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables). [79][80][81] [80][81][82] 14.125 42.39472222222222 18.794722222222223 42.3175
47 Western HVDC Link UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W / 55.72111; -4.88528 (Western HVDC Link - Hunterston Static Inverter Plant) UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W / 53.23167; -3.03278 (Western HVDC Link - Flintshire Bridge Static Inverter Plant) UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W 422 (422/0) 422(422/0) 600 2200.0 2017-18 Thyr Supplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens First subsea 600kV link Supplier: Prysmian Group, SiemensFirst subsea 600kV link [82][83] [83][84] -4.885277777777778 55.721111111111114 -3.0327777777777776 53.23166666666667
48 NORD.LINK Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E / 58.66861; 6.75444 (Nordlink - Tonstad Static Inverter Plant) Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E / 53.92167; 9.34472 (Nordlink - Wilster Static Inverter Plant) Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E 623 (570/53) 623(570/53) 525 1400.0 2020 Thyr IGBT Supplier: ABB [104][105][106] [105][106][107] 6.754444444444444 58.66861111111111 9.344722222222222 53.92166666666667

4
scripts/prepare_links_p_nom.py
View File

@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ def multiply(s): return s.str[0].astype(float) * s.str[1].astype(float)
links_p_nom.loc[m_b, "Power (MW)"] = links_p_nom.loc[m_b, "Power (MW)"].str.split('x').pipe(multiply)
links_p_nom["Power (MW)"] = links_p_nom["Power (MW)"].str.extract("[-/]?([\d.]+)", expand=False).astype(float)
links_p_nom['x1'], links_p_nom['y1'] = extract_coordinates(links_p_nom['Converter station 1'])
links_p_nom['x2'], links_p_nom['y2'] = extract_coordinates(links_p_nom['Converter station 2'])
links_p_nom['x1'], links_p_nom['y1'] = extract_coordinates(links_p_nom['Converterstation 1'])
links_p_nom['x2'], links_p_nom['y2'] = extract_coordinates(links_p_nom['Converterstation 2'])
links_p_nom.dropna(subset=['x1', 'y1', 'x2', 'y2']).to_csv(snakemake.output[0], index=False)