Add emissions and fuel consumption from fuel refinieries (#1253)

* Add emissions and fuel consumption from fuel refinieries

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -798,6 +798,7 @@ industry:
   MWh_MeOH_per_tMeOH: 5.528
   hotmaps_locate_missing: false
   reference_year: 2019
+  oil_refining_emissions: 0.013
 
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#costs
@@ -1078,6 +1079,8 @@ plotting:
     gas pipeline new: '#a87c62'
     # oil
     oil: '#c9c9c9'
+    oil primary: '#d2d2d2'
+    oil refining: '#e6e6e6'
     imported oil: '#a3a3a3'
     oil boiler: '#adadad'
     residential rural oil boiler: '#a9a9a9'

doc/configtables/industry.csv

@@ -35,3 +35,4 @@ MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH,MWhCH4/tMeOH,float,"The energy amount of methane needed to pro
 MWh_MeOH_per_tMeOH,LHV,float,"The energy amount per ton of methanol. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 74."
 hotmaps_locate_missing,--,"{true,false}",Locate industrial sites without valid locations based on city and countries.
 reference_year,year,YYYY,The year used as the baseline for industrial energy demand and production. Data extracted from `JRC-IDEES 2015 <https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/jrc-10110-10001>`_
+oil_refining_emissions,tCO2/MWh,float,"The emissions from oil fuel processing (e.g. oil in petrochemical refinieries). The default value of 0.013 tCO2/MWh is based on DE statistics for 2019; the EU value is very similar."

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ Release Notes
 Upcoming Release
 ================
 
+* Added option to specify emissions fuel processing (e.g. oil in petrochemical
+  refinieries) with setting ``industry: oil_refining_emissions:``.
+
 * Bugfix for passing function arguments in rule :mod:`solve_operations_network`.
 
 * Represent Kosovo (XK) as separate country.

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -573,14 +573,47 @@ def add_carrier_buses(n, carrier, nodes=None):
     fossils = ["coal", "gas", "oil", "lignite"]
     if options.get("fossil_fuels", True) and carrier in fossils:
 
-        n.madd(
-            "Generator",
-            nodes,
-            bus=nodes,
-            p_nom_extendable=True,
-            carrier=carrier,
-            marginal_cost=costs.at[carrier, "fuel"],
-        )
+        suffix = ""
+
+        if carrier == "oil" and cf_industry["oil_refining_emissions"] > 0:
+
+            n.madd(
+                "Bus",
+                nodes + " primary",
+                location=location,
+                carrier=carrier + " primary",
+                unit=unit,
+            )
+
+            n.madd(
+                "Link",
+                nodes + " refining",
+                bus0=nodes + " primary",
+                bus1=nodes,
+                bus2="co2 atmosphere",
+                location=location,
+                carrier=carrier + " refining",
+                p_nom=1e6,
+                efficiency=1
+                - (
+                    cf_industry["oil_refining_emissions"]
+                    / costs.at[carrier, "CO2 intensity"]
+                ),
+                efficiency2=cf_industry["oil_refining_emissions"],
+            )
+
+            suffix = " primary"
+
+        else:
+
+            n.madd(
+                "Generator",
+                nodes + suffix,
+                bus=nodes + suffix,
+                p_nom_extendable=True,
+                carrier=carrier + suffix,
+                marginal_cost=costs.at[carrier, "fuel"],
+            )
 
 
 # TODO: PyPSA-Eur merge issue