Follow-Up: Unsustainable Biomass (#1254)

* add oil bus; extend global biomass limit; set unsustainable potentials to zero for overnight

* keep sustainable potentials for switzerland

* remove potential distinction for overnight; additional global constraint for unsustainable solid biomass

* add unsustainable generator suffix

* added unsustainable solid biomass bus; changed global constraints to equality; removed forced emptying of unsustainable solid biomass store

* restored equality constraint for sustainable solid biomass; restored forced emptying of unsustainable store

* remove directory change for debugger

* added tech_color for unsustainable solid biomass

* modified spatial namespaces and removed suffixes

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -1127,6 +1127,7 @@ plotting:
     services rural biomass boiler: '#c6cf98'
     services urban decentral biomass boiler: '#dde5b5'
     biomass to liquid: '#32CD32'
+    unsustainable solid biomass: '#998622'
     unsustainable bioliquids: '#32CD32'
     electrobiofuels: 'red'
     BioSNG: '#123456'

scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py

@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ def add_unsustainable_potentials(df):
     )
 
     share_sus = params.get("share_sustainable_potential_available").get(investment_year)
-    df *= share_sus
+    df.loc[df_wo_ch.index] *= share_sus
 
     df = df.join(df_wo_ch.filter(like="unsustainable")).fillna(0)
 
@@ -345,8 +345,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         snakemake = mock_snakemake(
             "build_biomass_potentials",
             simpl="",
-            clusters="37",
+            clusters="38",
-            planning_horizons=2020,
+            planning_horizons=2050,
         )
 
     configure_logging(snakemake)

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
 
     if options.get("biomass_spatial", options["biomass_transport"]):
         spatial.biomass.nodes = nodes + " solid biomass"
-        spatial.biomass.bioliquids = nodes + " bioliquids"
+        spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable = nodes + " unsustainable solid biomass"
+        spatial.biomass.bioliquids = nodes + " unsustainable bioliquids"
         spatial.biomass.locations = nodes
         spatial.biomass.industry = nodes + " solid biomass for industry"
         spatial.biomass.industry_cc = nodes + " solid biomass for industry CC"
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ def define_spatial(nodes, options):
         spatial.msw.locations = nodes
     else:
         spatial.biomass.nodes = ["EU solid biomass"]
+        spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable = ["EU unsustainable solid biomass"]
         spatial.biomass.bioliquids = ["EU unsustainable bioliquids"]
         spatial.biomass.locations = ["EU"]
         spatial.biomass.industry = ["solid biomass for industry"]
@@ -2493,14 +2495,21 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             e_max_pu=e_max_pu,
         )
 
+        n.madd(
+            "Bus",
+            spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
+            location=spatial.biomass.locations,
+            carrier="unsustainable solid biomass",
+            unit="MWh_LHV",
+        )
+
         e_max_pu = pd.DataFrame(1, index=n.snapshots, columns=spatial.biomass.nodes)
         e_max_pu.iloc[-1] = 0
 
         n.madd(
             "Store",
-            spatial.biomass.nodes,
+            spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
-            suffix=" unsustainable",
+            bus=spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
-            bus=spatial.biomass.nodes,
             carrier="unsustainable solid biomass",
             e_nom=unsustainable_solid_biomass_potentials_spatial,
             marginal_cost=costs.at["fuelwood", "fuel"],
@@ -2509,6 +2518,16 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             e_max_pu=e_max_pu,
         )
 
+        n.madd(
+            "Link",
+            spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
+            bus0=spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
+            bus1=spatial.biomass.nodes,
+            carrier="unsustainable solid biomass",
+            efficiency=1,
+            p_nom=unsustainable_solid_biomass_potentials_spatial,
+        )
+
         n.madd(
             "Bus",
             spatial.biomass.bioliquids,
@@ -2525,7 +2544,6 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
         n.madd(
             "Store",
             spatial.biomass.bioliquids,
-            suffix=" unsustainable",
             bus=spatial.biomass.bioliquids,
             carrier="unsustainable bioliquids",
             e_nom=unsustainable_liquid_biofuel_potentials_spatial,
@@ -2535,6 +2553,8 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             e_max_pu=e_max_pu,
         )
 
+        add_carrier_buses(n, "oil")
+
         n.madd(
             "Link",
             spatial.biomass.bioliquids,
@@ -2663,6 +2683,29 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
             constant=biomass_potentials["solid biomass"].sum(),
             type="operational_limit",
         )
+        if biomass_potentials["unsustainable solid biomass"].sum() > 0:
+            n.madd(
+                "Generator",
+                spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
+                bus=spatial.biomass.nodes_unsustainable,
+                carrier="unsustainable solid biomass",
+                p_nom=10000,
+                marginal_cost=costs.at["fuelwood", "fuel"]
+                + bus_transport_costs * average_distance,
+            )
+            # Set last snapshot of e_max_pu for unsustainable solid biomass to 1 to make operational limit work
+            unsus_stores_idx = n.stores.loc[
+                n.stores.carrier == "unsustainable solid biomass"
+            ].index
+            n.stores_t.e_max_pu.loc[n.snapshots[-1], unsus_stores_idx] = 1
+            n.add(
+                "GlobalConstraint",
+                "unsustainable biomass limit",
+                carrier_attribute="unsustainable solid biomass",
+                sense="==",
+                constant=biomass_potentials["unsustainable solid biomass"].sum(),
+                type="operational_limit",
+            )
 
         if options["municipal_solid_waste"]:
             # Add municipal solid waste
@@ -4285,10 +4328,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             "prepare_sector_network",
             simpl="",
             opts="",
-            clusters="37",
+            clusters="38",
             ll="vopt",
             sector_opts="",
-            planning_horizons="2050",
+            planning_horizons="2030",
         )
 
     configure_logging(snakemake)