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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2022 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
# Exclude pre-commit applications
5d1ef8a64055a039aa4a0834d2d26fe7752fe9a0
92080b1cd2ca5f123158571481722767b99c2b27
13769f90af4500948b0376d57df4cceaa13e78b5

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
*.h5 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
*.zip filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

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---
name: Bug report
about: Create a report if something doesn't work quite right.
title: ''
labels: bug
assignees: ''
---
<!-- Please do not post usage questions here. Ask them on the PyPSA mailing list: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pypsa -->
## Checklist
- [ ] I am using the current [`master`](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/tree/master) branch or the latest [release](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/releases). Please indicate.
- [ ] I am running on an up-to-date [`pypsa-eur` environment](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/master/envs/environment.yaml). Update via `conda env update -f envs/environment.yaml`.
## Describe the Bug
*Please provide a description of what the bug is and add a minimal example/command for reproducing the bug.*
## Error Message
*If applicable, paste any terminal output to help illustrating your problem.*
*In some cases it may also be useful to share your list of installed packages: `conda list`.*
```
<paste here>
```

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blank_issues_enabled: false
contact_links:
- name: PyPSA Mailing List
url: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pypsa
about: Please ask and answer general usage questions here.
- name: Stackoverflow
url: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/pypsa
about: Please ask and answer code-related questions here.

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---
name: Feature request
about: Suggest an idea for this project
title: ''
labels: enhancement
assignees: ''
---
<!-- Please do not post usage questions here. Ask them on the PyPSA mailing list: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pypsa -->
## Describe the feature you'd like to see
*Please give a clear and concise description and provide context why the feature would be useful.*
*Also, we'd appreciate any implementation ideas and references you already have.*

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Closes # (if applicable).
## Changes proposed in this Pull Request
## Checklist
- [ ] I tested my contribution locally and it seems to work fine.
- [ ] Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
- [ ] Changed dependencies are added to `envs/environment.yaml`.
- [ ] Changes in configuration options are added in all of `config.default.yaml`.
- [ ] Changes in configuration options are also documented in `doc/configtables/*.csv`.
- [ ] A release note `doc/release_notes.rst` is added.

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2021 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2021-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
@ -19,29 +19,19 @@ on:
- cron: "0 5 * * TUE"
env:
CONDA_CACHE_NUMBER: 1 # Change this value to manually reset the environment cache
DATA_CACHE_NUMBER: 1
DATA_CACHE_NUMBER: 2
jobs:
build:
strategy:
fail-fast: false
max-parallel: 3
matrix:
include:
# Matrix required to handle caching with Mambaforge
- os: ubuntu-latest
label: ubuntu-latest
prefix: /usr/share/miniconda3/envs/pypsa-eur
# - os: macos-latest
# label: macos-latest
# prefix: /Users/runner/miniconda3/envs/pypsa-eur
# - os: windows-latest
# label: windows-latest
# prefix: C:\Miniconda3\envs\pypsa-eur
name: ${{ matrix.label }}
os:
- ubuntu-latest
- macos-latest
- windows-latest
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@ -50,13 +40,7 @@ jobs:
shell: bash -l {0}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Clone pypsa-eur and technology-data repositories
run: |
git clone https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur ../pypsa-eur
git clone https://github.com/pypsa/technology-data ../technology-data
cp ../pypsa-eur/test/config.test1.yaml ../pypsa-eur/config.yaml
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Setup secrets
run: |
@ -64,19 +48,26 @@ jobs:
- name: Add solver to environment
run: |
echo -e "- coincbc\n- ipopt<3.13.3" >> ../pypsa-eur/envs/environment.yaml
echo -e "- glpk\n- ipopt<3.13.3" >> envs/environment.yaml
if: ${{ matrix.os }} == 'windows-latest'
- name: Setup Mambaforge
uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
- name: Add solver to environment
run: |
echo -e "- glpk\n- ipopt" >> envs/environment.yaml
if: ${{ matrix.os }} != 'windows-latest'
- name: Setup micromamba
uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@v1
with:
miniforge-variant: Mambaforge
miniforge-version: latest
activate-environment: pypsa-eur
use-mamba: true
micromamba-version: latest
environment-file: envs/environment.yaml
log-level: debug
init-shell: bash
cache-environment: true
cache-downloads: true
- name: Set cache dates
run: |
echo "DATE=$(date +'%Y%m%d')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
echo "WEEK=$(date +'%Y%U')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
- name: Cache data and cutouts folders
@ -84,26 +75,22 @@ jobs:
with:
path: |
data
../pypsa-eur/cutouts
../pypsa-eur/data
cutouts
key: data-cutouts-${{ env.WEEK }}-${{ env.DATA_CACHE_NUMBER }}
- name: Create environment cache
uses: actions/cache@v2
id: cache
with:
path: ${{ matrix.prefix }}
key: ${{ matrix.label }}-conda-${{ env.DATE }}-${{ env.CONDA_CACHE_NUMBER }}
- name: Update environment due to outdated or unavailable cache
run: mamba env update -n pypsa-eur -f ../pypsa-eur/envs/environment.yaml
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
- name: Test snakemake workflow
run: |
conda activate pypsa-eur
conda list
cp test/config.overnight.yaml config.yaml
snakemake -call
cp test/config.myopic.yaml config.yaml
snakemake -call
snakemake -call solve_elec_networks --configfile config/test/config.electricity.yaml --rerun-triggers=mtime
snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.overnight.yaml --rerun-triggers=mtime
snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.myopic.yaml --rerun-triggers=mtime
snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.perfect.yaml --rerun-triggers=mtime
- name: Upload artifacts
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: resources-results
path: |
resources
results
if-no-files-found: warn
retention-days: 1

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
.snakemake*
.ipynb_checkpoints
__pycache__
*dconf
gurobi.log
.vscode
*.orig
/bak
/resources
/resources*
/results
/networks
/benchmarks
/logs
/notebooks
/data
/cutouts
doc/_build
config.yaml
dconf
/data/links_p_nom.csv
/data/*totals.csv
/data/biomass*
/data/emobility/
/data/eea*
/data/jrc*
/data/bundle-sector/emobility/
/data/bundle-sector/eea*
/data/bundle-sector/jrc*
/data/heating/
/data/eurostat*
/data/bundle-sector/eurostat*
/data/odyssee/
/data/transport_data.csv
/data/switzerland*
/data/bundle-sector/switzerland*
/data/.nfs*
/data/Industrial_Database.csv
/data/bundle-sector/Industrial_Database.csv
/data/retro/tabula-calculator-calcsetbuilding.csv
/data/nuts*
/data/bundle-sector/nuts*
data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/
data/costs_*.csv
dask-worker-space/
publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
d1gam3xoknrgr2.cloudfront.net/
*.org
@ -48,3 +69,9 @@ doc/_build
*.xls
*.geojson
*.ipynb
data/costs_*
merger-todos.md

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2022 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
exclude: "^LICENSES"
repos:
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
rev: v4.5.0
hooks:
- id: check-merge-conflict
- id: end-of-file-fixer
- id: fix-encoding-pragma
- id: mixed-line-ending
- id: trailing-whitespace
- id: check-added-large-files
args: ["--maxkb=2000"]
# Sort package imports alphabetically
- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
rev: 5.13.2
hooks:
- id: isort
args: ["--profile", "black", "--filter-files"]
# Convert relative imports to absolute imports
- repo: https://github.com/MarcoGorelli/absolufy-imports
rev: v0.3.1
hooks:
- id: absolufy-imports
# Find common spelling mistakes in comments and docstrings
- repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
rev: v2.2.6
hooks:
- id: codespell
args: ['--ignore-regex="(\b[A-Z]+\b)"', '--ignore-words-list=fom,appartment,bage,ore,setis,tabacco,berfore,vor'] # Ignore capital case words, e.g. country codes
types_or: [python, rst, markdown]
files: ^(scripts|doc)/
# Make docstrings PEP 257 compliant
- repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/docformatter
rev: v1.7.5
hooks:
- id: docformatter
args: ["--in-place", "--make-summary-multi-line", "--pre-summary-newline"]
- repo: https://github.com/keewis/blackdoc
rev: v0.3.9
hooks:
- id: blackdoc
# Formatting with "black" coding style
- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
rev: 23.12.1
hooks:
# Format Python files
- id: black
# Format Jupyter Python notebooks
- id: black-jupyter
# Remove output from Jupyter notebooks
- repo: https://github.com/aflc/pre-commit-jupyter
rev: v1.2.1
hooks:
- id: jupyter-notebook-cleanup
args: ["--remove-kernel-metadata"]
# Do YAML formatting (before the linter checks it for misses)
- repo: https://github.com/macisamuele/language-formatters-pre-commit-hooks
rev: v2.12.0
hooks:
- id: pretty-format-yaml
args: [--autofix, --indent, "2", --preserve-quotes]
# Format Snakemake rule / workflow files
- repo: https://github.com/snakemake/snakefmt
rev: v0.8.5
hooks:
- id: snakefmt
# For cleaning jupyter notebooks
- repo: https://github.com/aflc/pre-commit-jupyter
rev: v1.2.1
hooks:
- id: jupyter-notebook-cleanup
exclude: examples/solve-on-remote.ipynb
# Check for FSFE REUSE compliance (licensing)
- repo: https://github.com/fsfe/reuse-tool
rev: v2.1.0
hooks:
- id: reuse

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
version: 2
build:
os: ubuntu-22.04
tools:
python: "3.11"
apt_packages:
- graphviz
python:
install:
- requirements: doc/requirements.txt

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Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: PyPSA-Eur
Upstream-Contact: Tom Brown <t.brown@tu-berlin.de>
Source: https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur
Files: doc/img/*
Copyright: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC-BY-4.0
Files: doc/data.csv
Copyright: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC-BY-4.0
Files: doc/configtables/*
Copyright: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC-BY-4.0
Files: data/*
Copyright: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC-BY-4.0
Files: .github/*
Copyright: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC0-1.0
Files: matplotlibrc
Copyright: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC0-1.0
Files: borg-it
Copyright: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC0-1.0
Files: graphics/*
Copyright: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
License: CC-BY-4.0

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2021-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
rules
scripts
config
config/test
envs
matplotlibrc
Snakefile

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.snakemake
.git
.pytest_cache
.ipynb_checkpoints
.vscode
.DS_Store
__pycache__
*.pyc
*.pyo
*.ipynb
data
notebooks
benchmarks
*.nc

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@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
.snakemake
.git
.pytest_cache
.ipynb_checkpoints
.vscode
.DS_Store
__pycache__
*.pyc
*.pyo
*.ipynb
notebooks
benchmarks
resources
results

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2021 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
cff-version: 1.1.0
message: "If you use this package, please cite it in the following way."
title: "PyPSA-Eur: An open sector-coupled optimisation model of the European energy system"
repository: https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur
version: 0.8.1
license: MIT
authors:
- family-names: Brown
given-names: Tom
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-1911
- family-names: Victoria
given-names: Marta
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-1281
- family-names: Zeyen
given-names: Elisabeth
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3296
- family-names: Hofmann
given-names: Fabian
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6604-5450
- family-names: Neumann
given-names: Fabian
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-1480
- family-names: Frysztacki
given-names: Martha
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-1328
- family-names: Hampp
given-names: Johannes
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-116X
- family-names: Schlachtberger
given-names: David
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-8213
- family-names: Hörsch
given-names: Jonas
orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9438-767X

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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
MIT License
Copyright 2017-2021 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
Copyright 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in

130
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![GitHub release (latest by date including pre-releases)](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/pypsa/pypsa-eur-sec?include_prereleases)
[![Documentation](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pypsa-eur-sec/badge/?version=latest)](https://pypsa-eur-sec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
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![Size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/pypsa/pypsa-eur-sec)
[![Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3938042.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938042)
[![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/PyPSA/community.svg)](https://gitter.im/PyPSA/community?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge)
<!--
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
-->
# PyPSA-Eur-Sec: A Sector-Coupled Open Optimisation Model of the European Energy System
![GitHub release (latest by date including pre-releases)](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/pypsa/pypsa-eur?include_prereleases)
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PyPSA-Eur-Sec is an open model dataset of the European energy system at the
transmission network level that covers the full ENTSO-E area.
# PyPSA-Eur: A Sector-Coupled Open Optimisation Model of the European Energy System
PyPSA-Eur-Sec builds on the electricity generation and transmission
model [PyPSA-Eur](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur) to add demand
PyPSA-Eur is an open model dataset of the European energy system at the
transmission network level that covers the full ENTSO-E area. The model is suitable both for operational studies and generation and transmission expansion planning studies.
The continental scope and highly resolved spatial scale enables a proper description of the long-range
smoothing effects for renewable power generation and their varying resource availability.
The model is described in the [documentation](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io)
and in the paper
[PyPSA-Eur: An Open Optimisation Model of the European Transmission
System](https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.01613), 2018,
[arXiv:1806.01613](https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.01613).
The model building routines are defined through a snakemake workflow.
Please see the [documentation](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/)
for installation instructions and other useful information about the snakemake workflow.
The model is designed to be imported into the open toolbox
[PyPSA](https://github.com/PyPSA/PyPSA).
**WARNING**: PyPSA-Eur is under active development and has several
[limitations](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/limitations.html) which
you should understand before using the model. The github repository
[issues](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues) collect known topics we are
working on (please feel free to help or make suggestions). The
[documentation](https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/) remains somewhat patchy. You
can find showcases of the model's capabilities in the Joule paper [The potential
role of a hydrogen network in
Europe](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.016), another [paper in Joule
with a description of the industry
sector](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016), or in [a 2021 presentation
at EMP-E](https://nworbmot.org/energy/brown-empe.pdf). We do not recommend to
use the full resolution network model for simulations. At high granularity the
assignment of loads and generators to the nearest network node may not be a
correct assumption, depending on the topology of the underlying distribution
grid, and local grid bottlenecks may cause unrealistic load-shedding or
generator curtailment. We recommend to cluster the network to a couple of
hundred nodes to remove these local inconsistencies. See the discussion in
Section 3.4 "Model validation" of the paper.
![PyPSA-Eur Grid Model](doc/img/elec.png)
The dataset consists of:
- A grid model based on a modified [GridKit](https://github.com/bdw/GridKit)
extraction of the [ENTSO-E Transmission System
Map](https://www.entsoe.eu/data/map/). The grid model contains 7072 lines
(alternating current lines at and above 220kV voltage level and all high
voltage direct current lines) and 3803 substations.
- The open power plant database
[powerplantmatching](https://github.com/FRESNA/powerplantmatching).
- Electrical demand time series from the
[OPSD project](https://open-power-system-data.org/).
- Renewable time series based on ERA5 and SARAH, assembled using the [atlite tool](https://github.com/FRESNA/atlite).
- Geographical potentials for wind and solar generators based on land use (CORINE) and excluding nature reserves (Natura2000) are computed with the [atlite library](https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite).
A sector-coupled extension adds demand
and supply for the following sectors: transport, space and water
heating, biomass, industry and industrial feedstocks, agriculture,
forestry and fishing. This completes the energy system and includes
all greenhouse gas emitters except waste management and land use.
**WARNING**: PyPSA-Eur-Sec is under active development and has several
[limitations](https://pypsa-eur-sec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/limitations.html) which
you should understand before using the model. The github repository
[issues](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/issues) collect known
topics we are working on (please feel free to help or make suggestions).
The [documentation](https://pypsa-eur-sec.readthedocs.io/) remains somewhat
patchy.
You can find showcases of the model's capabilities in the preprint
[Benefits of a Hydrogen Network in Europe](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05816),
a [paper in Joule with a description of the industry
sector](https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.09563), or in [a 2021
presentation at EMP-E](https://nworbmot.org/energy/brown-empe.pdf).
We cannot support this model if you choose to use it.
Please see the [documentation](https://pypsa-eur-sec.readthedocs.io/)
for installation instructions and other useful information about the snakemake workflow.
This diagram gives an overview of the sectors and the links between
them:
@ -47,30 +90,19 @@ from [PyPSA-Eur](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur):
For computational reasons the model is usually clustered down
to 50-200 nodes.
Already-built versions of the model can be found in the accompanying [Zenodo
repository](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3601881).
PyPSA-Eur-Sec was initially based on the model PyPSA-Eur-Sec-30 described
in the paper [Synergies of sector coupling and transmission
reinforcement in a cost-optimised, highly renewable European energy
system](https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.05290) (2018) but it differs by
being based on the higher resolution electricity transmission model
[PyPSA-Eur](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur) rather than a
one-node-per-country model, and by including biomass, industry,
industrial feedstocks, aviation, shipping, better carbon management,
carbon capture and usage/sequestration, and gas networks.
PyPSA-Eur-Sec includes PyPSA-Eur as a
[snakemake](https://snakemake.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html)
[subworkflow](https://snakemake.readthedocs.io/en/stable/snakefiles/modularization.html#snakefiles-sub-workflows). PyPSA-Eur-Sec
uses PyPSA-Eur to build the clustered transmission model along with
wind, solar PV and hydroelectricity potentials and time series. Then
PyPSA-Eur-Sec adds other conventional generators, storage units and
the additional sectors.
# Contributing and Support
We strongly welcome anyone interested in contributing to this project. If you have any ideas, suggestions or encounter problems, feel invited to file issues or make pull requests on GitHub.
- In case of code-related **questions**, please post on [stack overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/pypsa).
- For non-programming related and more general questions please refer to the [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/group/pypsa).
- To **discuss** with other PyPSA users, organise projects, share news, and get in touch with the community you can use the [discord server](https://discord.com/invite/AnuJBk23FU).
- For **bugs and feature requests**, please use the [PyPSA-Eur Github Issues page](https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues).
# Licence
The code in PyPSA-Eur-Sec is released as free software under the
[MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT), see `LICENSE.txt`.
The code in PyPSA-Eur is released as free software under the
[MIT License](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT), see [`doc/licenses.rst`](doc/licenses.rst).
However, different licenses and terms of use may apply to the various
input data.

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@ -1,685 +1,130 @@
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
from os.path import exists
from shutil import copyfile
from os.path import normpath, exists
from shutil import copyfile, move, rmtree
from snakemake.remote.HTTP import RemoteProvider as HTTPRemoteProvider
HTTP = HTTPRemoteProvider()
if not exists("config.yaml"):
copyfile("config.default.yaml", "config.yaml")
from snakemake.utils import min_version
configfile: "config.yaml"
min_version("7.7")
if not exists("config/config.yaml"):
copyfile("config/config.default.yaml", "config/config.yaml")
configfile: "config/config.yaml"
COSTS = f"data/costs_{config['costs']['year']}.csv"
ATLITE_NPROCESSES = config["atlite"].get("nprocesses", 4)
run = config.get("run", {})
RDIR = run["name"] + "/" if run.get("name") else ""
CDIR = RDIR if not run.get("shared_cutouts") else ""
LOGS = "logs/" + RDIR
BENCHMARKS = "benchmarks/" + RDIR
RESOURCES = "resources/" + RDIR if not run.get("shared_resources") else "resources/"
RESULTS = "results/" + RDIR
localrules:
purge,
wildcard_constraints:
lv="[a-z0-9\.]+",
simpl="[a-zA-Z0-9]*",
clusters="[0-9]+m?",
opts="[-+a-zA-Z0-9]*",
sector_opts="[-+a-zA-Z0-9\.\s]*"
SDIR = config['summary_dir'] + '/' + config['run']
RDIR = config['results_dir'] + config['run']
CDIR = config['costs_dir']
subworkflow pypsaeur:
workdir: "../pypsa-eur"
snakefile: "../pypsa-eur/Snakefile"
configfile: "../pypsa-eur/config.yaml"
rule all:
input: SDIR + '/graphs/costs.pdf'
rule solve_all_networks:
input:
expand(RDIR + "/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
**config['scenario'])
rule prepare_sector_networks:
input:
expand(RDIR + "/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
**config['scenario'])
datafiles = [
"data/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv",
"data/switzerland-sfoe/switzerland-new_format.csv",
"data/nuts/NUTS_RG_10M_2013_4326_LEVL_2.geojson",
"data/myb1-2017-nitro.xls",
"data/Industrial_Database.csv",
"data/emobility/KFZ__count",
"data/emobility/Pkw__count",
"data/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson",
directory("data/eurostat-energy_balances-june_2016_edition"),
directory("data/eurostat-energy_balances-may_2018_edition"),
directory("data/jrc-idees-2015"),
]
if config.get('retrieve_sector_databundle', True):
rule retrieve_sector_databundle:
output: *datafiles
log: "logs/retrieve_sector_databundle.log"
script: 'scripts/retrieve_sector_databundle.py'
rule build_population_layouts:
input:
nuts3_shapes=pypsaeur('resources/nuts3_shapes.geojson'),
urban_percent="data/urban_percent.csv"
output:
pop_layout_total="resources/pop_layout_total.nc",
pop_layout_urban="resources/pop_layout_urban.nc",
pop_layout_rural="resources/pop_layout_rural.nc"
resources: mem_mb=20000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_population_layouts"
threads: 8
script: "scripts/build_population_layouts.py"
rule build_clustered_population_layouts:
input:
pop_layout_total="resources/pop_layout_total.nc",
pop_layout_urban="resources/pop_layout_urban.nc",
pop_layout_rural="resources/pop_layout_rural.nc",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur('resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson')
output:
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_clustered_population_layouts/s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_clustered_population_layouts.py"
rule build_simplified_population_layouts:
input:
pop_layout_total="resources/pop_layout_total.nc",
pop_layout_urban="resources/pop_layout_urban.nc",
pop_layout_rural="resources/pop_layout_rural.nc",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur('resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}.geojson')
output:
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}.csv"
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_clustered_population_layouts/s{simpl}"
script: "scripts/build_clustered_population_layouts.py"
if config["sector"]["gas_network"] or config["sector"]["H2_retrofit"]:
datafiles = [
"IGGIELGN_LNGs.geojson",
"IGGIELGN_BorderPoints.geojson",
"IGGIELGN_Productions.geojson",
"IGGIELGN_PipeSegments.geojson",
]
rule retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data:
output: expand("data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/{files}", files=datafiles)
script: 'scripts/retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data.py'
rule build_gas_network:
input:
gas_network="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_PipeSegments.geojson"
output:
cleaned_gas_network="resources/gas_network.csv"
resources: mem_mb=4000
script: "scripts/build_gas_network.py"
rule build_gas_input_locations:
input:
lng="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_LNGs.geojson",
entry="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_BorderPoints.geojson",
production="data/gas_network/scigrid-gas/data/IGGIELGN_Productions.geojson",
planned_lng="data/gas_network/planned_LNGs.csv",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
regions_offshore=pypsaeur('resources/regions_offshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson')
output:
gas_input_nodes="resources/gas_input_locations_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson",
gas_input_nodes_simplified="resources/gas_input_locations_s{simpl}_{clusters}_simplified.csv"
resources: mem_mb=2000,
script: "scripts/build_gas_input_locations.py"
rule cluster_gas_network:
input:
cleaned_gas_network="resources/gas_network.csv",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
regions_offshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_offshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson")
output:
clustered_gas_network="resources/gas_network_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
resources: mem_mb=4000
script: "scripts/cluster_gas_network.py"
gas_infrastructure = {**rules.cluster_gas_network.output, **rules.build_gas_input_locations.output}
else:
gas_infrastructure = {}
rule build_heat_demands:
input:
pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_{scope}.nc",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson")
output:
heat_demand="resources/heat_demand_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc"
resources: mem_mb=20000
threads: 8
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_heat_demands/{scope}_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_heat_demand.py"
rule build_temperature_profiles:
input:
pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_{scope}.nc",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson")
output:
temp_soil="resources/temp_soil_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air="resources/temp_air_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
resources: mem_mb=20000
threads: 8
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_temperature_profiles/{scope}_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_temperature_profiles.py"
rule build_cop_profiles:
input:
temp_soil_total="resources/temp_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_rural="resources/temp_soil_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_urban="resources/temp_soil_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air_total="resources/temp_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air_rural="resources/temp_air_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air_urban="resources/temp_air_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc"
output:
cop_soil_total="resources/cop_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_soil_rural="resources/cop_soil_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_soil_urban="resources/cop_soil_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_total="resources/cop_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_rural="resources/cop_air_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_urban="resources/cop_air_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc"
resources: mem_mb=20000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_cop_profiles/s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_cop_profiles.py"
rule build_solar_thermal_profiles:
input:
pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_{scope}.nc",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson")
output:
solar_thermal="resources/solar_thermal_{scope}_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
resources: mem_mb=20000
threads: 16
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_solar_thermal_profiles/{scope}_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_solar_thermal_profiles.py"
def input_eurostat(w):
# 2016 includes BA, 2017 does not
report_year = config["energy"]["eurostat_report_year"]
return f"data/eurostat-energy_balances-june_{report_year}_edition"
rule build_energy_totals:
input:
nuts3_shapes=pypsaeur('resources/nuts3_shapes.geojson'),
co2="data/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv",
swiss="data/switzerland-sfoe/switzerland-new_format.csv",
idees="data/jrc-idees-2015",
district_heat_share='data/district_heat_share.csv',
eurostat=input_eurostat
output:
energy_name='resources/energy_totals.csv',
co2_name='resources/co2_totals.csv',
transport_name='resources/transport_data.csv'
threads: 16
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_energy_totals"
script: 'scripts/build_energy_totals.py'
rule build_biomass_potentials:
input:
enspreso_biomass=HTTP.remote("https://cidportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/ENSPRESO/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx", keep_local=True),
nuts2="data/nuts/NUTS_RG_10M_2013_4326_LEVL_2.geojson", # https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/nuts/download/#nuts21
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
nuts3_population=pypsaeur("data/bundle/nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz"),
swiss_cantons=pypsaeur("data/bundle/ch_cantons.csv"),
swiss_population=pypsaeur("data/bundle/je-e-21.03.02.xls"),
country_shapes=pypsaeur('resources/country_shapes.geojson')
output:
biomass_potentials_all='resources/biomass_potentials_all_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv',
biomass_potentials='resources/biomass_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv'
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_biomass_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: 'scripts/build_biomass_potentials.py'
if config["sector"]["biomass_transport"]:
rule build_biomass_transport_costs:
input:
transport_cost_data=HTTP.remote("publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC98626/biomass potentials in europe_web rev.pdf", keep_local=True)
output:
biomass_transport_costs="resources/biomass_transport_costs.csv",
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_biomass_transport_costs"
script: 'scripts/build_biomass_transport_costs.py'
build_biomass_transport_costs_output = rules.build_biomass_transport_costs.output
else:
build_biomass_transport_costs_output = {}
rule build_salt_cavern_potentials:
input:
salt_caverns="data/h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson",
regions_onshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
regions_offshore=pypsaeur("resources/regions_offshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
output:
h2_cavern_potential="resources/salt_cavern_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_salt_cavern_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_salt_cavern_potentials.py"
rule build_ammonia_production:
input:
usgs="data/myb1-2017-nitro.xls"
output:
ammonia_production="resources/ammonia_production.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_ammonia_production"
script: 'scripts/build_ammonia_production.py'
rule build_industry_sector_ratios:
input:
ammonia_production="resources/ammonia_production.csv",
idees="data/jrc-idees-2015"
output:
industry_sector_ratios="resources/industry_sector_ratios.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industry_sector_ratios"
script: 'scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py'
rule build_industrial_production_per_country:
input:
ammonia_production="resources/ammonia_production.csv",
jrc="data/jrc-idees-2015",
eurostat="data/eurostat-energy_balances-may_2018_edition",
output:
industrial_production_per_country="resources/industrial_production_per_country.csv"
threads: 8
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_production_per_country"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country.py'
rule build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow:
input:
industrial_production_per_country="resources/industrial_production_per_country.csv"
output:
industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.py'
rule build_industrial_distribution_key:
input:
regions_onshore=pypsaeur('resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson'),
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
hotmaps_industrial_database="data/Industrial_Database.csv",
output:
industrial_distribution_key="resources/industrial_distribution_key_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_distribution_key/s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_distribution_key.py'
rule build_industrial_production_per_node:
input:
industrial_distribution_key="resources/industrial_distribution_key_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}.csv"
output:
industrial_production_per_node="resources/industrial_production_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_production_per_node/s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_production_per_node.py'
rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node:
input:
industry_sector_ratios="resources/industry_sector_ratios.csv",
industrial_production_per_node="resources/industrial_production_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today="resources/industrial_energy_demand_today_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
output:
industrial_energy_demand_per_node="resources/industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node/s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node.py'
rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today:
input:
jrc="data/jrc-idees-2015",
ammonia_production="resources/ammonia_production.csv",
industrial_production_per_country="resources/industrial_production_per_country.csv"
output:
industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today="resources/industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today.csv"
threads: 8
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today.py'
rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today:
input:
industrial_distribution_key="resources/industrial_distribution_key_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today="resources/industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today.csv"
output:
industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today="resources/industrial_energy_demand_today_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today/s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: 'scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today.py'
if config["sector"]["retrofitting"]["retro_endogen"]:
rule build_retro_cost:
input:
building_stock="data/retro/data_building_stock.csv",
data_tabula="data/retro/tabula-calculator-calcsetbuilding.csv",
air_temperature = "resources/temp_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
u_values_PL="data/retro/u_values_poland.csv",
tax_w="data/retro/electricity_taxes_eu.csv",
construction_index="data/retro/comparative_level_investment.csv",
floor_area_missing="data/retro/floor_area_missing.csv",
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
cost_germany="data/retro/retro_cost_germany.csv",
window_assumptions="data/retro/window_assumptions.csv",
output:
retro_cost="resources/retro_cost_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
floor_area="resources/floor_area_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: "benchmarks/build_retro_cost/s{simpl}_{clusters}"
script: "scripts/build_retro_cost.py"
build_retro_cost_output = rules.build_retro_cost.output
else:
build_retro_cost_output = {}
rule build_population_weighted_energy_totals:
input:
energy_totals='resources/energy_totals.csv',
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
output: "resources/pop_weighted_energy_totals_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000
script: "scripts/build_population_weighted_energy_totals.py"
rule build_shipping_demand:
input:
ports="data/attributed_ports.json",
scope=pypsaeur("resources/europe_shape.geojson"),
regions=pypsaeur("resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson"),
demand="resources/energy_totals.csv"
output: "resources/shipping_demand_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000
script: "scripts/build_shipping_demand.py"
rule build_transport_demand:
input:
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
pop_weighted_energy_totals="resources/pop_weighted_energy_totals_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
transport_data='resources/transport_data.csv',
traffic_data_KFZ="data/emobility/KFZ__count",
traffic_data_Pkw="data/emobility/Pkw__count",
temp_air_total="resources/temp_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
output:
transport_demand="resources/transport_demand_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
transport_data="resources/transport_data_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
avail_profile="resources/avail_profile_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
dsm_profile="resources/dsm_profile_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000
script: "scripts/build_transport_demand.py"
rule prepare_sector_network:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
network=pypsaeur('networks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_ec_lv{lv}_{opts}.nc'),
energy_totals_name='resources/energy_totals.csv',
eurostat=input_eurostat,
pop_weighted_energy_totals="resources/pop_weighted_energy_totals_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
shipping_demand="resources/shipping_demand_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
transport_demand="resources/transport_demand_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
transport_data="resources/transport_data_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
avail_profile="resources/avail_profile_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
dsm_profile="resources/dsm_profile_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
co2_totals_name='resources/co2_totals.csv',
co2="data/eea/UNFCCC_v23.csv",
biomass_potentials='resources/biomass_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv',
heat_profile="data/heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv",
costs=CDIR + "costs_{}.csv".format(config['costs']['year']) if config["foresight"] == "overnight" else CDIR + "costs_{planning_horizons}.csv",
profile_offwind_ac=pypsaeur("resources/profile_offwind-ac.nc"),
profile_offwind_dc=pypsaeur("resources/profile_offwind-dc.nc"),
h2_cavern="resources/salt_cavern_potentials_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
busmap_s=pypsaeur("resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}.csv"),
busmap=pypsaeur("resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"),
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
simplified_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}.csv",
industrial_demand="resources/industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
heat_demand_urban="resources/heat_demand_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
heat_demand_rural="resources/heat_demand_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
heat_demand_total="resources/heat_demand_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_total="resources/temp_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_rural="resources/temp_soil_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_soil_urban="resources/temp_soil_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air_total="resources/temp_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air_rural="resources/temp_air_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
temp_air_urban="resources/temp_air_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_soil_total="resources/cop_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_soil_rural="resources/cop_soil_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_soil_urban="resources/cop_soil_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_total="resources/cop_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_rural="resources/cop_air_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_urban="resources/cop_air_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
solar_thermal_total="resources/solar_thermal_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc" if config["sector"]["solar_thermal"] else [],
solar_thermal_urban="resources/solar_thermal_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc" if config["sector"]["solar_thermal"] else [],
solar_thermal_rural="resources/solar_thermal_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc" if config["sector"]["solar_thermal"] else [],
**build_retro_cost_output,
**build_biomass_transport_costs_output,
**gas_infrastructure
output: RDIR + '/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc'
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000
benchmark: RDIR + "/benchmarks/prepare_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
script: "scripts/prepare_sector_network.py"
rule plot_network:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
network=RDIR + "/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
regions=pypsaeur('resources/regions_onshore_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.geojson')
output:
map=RDIR + "/maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
today=RDIR + "/maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}-today.pdf"
threads: 2
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: RDIR + "/benchmarks/plot_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
script: "scripts/plot_network.py"
rule copy_config:
output: SDIR + '/configs/config.yaml'
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=1000
benchmark: SDIR + "/benchmarks/copy_config"
script: "scripts/copy_config.py"
rule copy_conda_env:
output: SDIR + '/configs/environment.yaml'
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=500
benchmark: SDIR + "/benchmarks/copy_conda_env"
shell: "conda env export -f {output} --no-builds"
rule make_summary:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
networks=expand(
RDIR + "/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
**config['scenario']
),
costs=CDIR + "costs_{}.csv".format(config['costs']['year']) if config["foresight"] == "overnight" else CDIR + "costs_{}.csv".format(config['scenario']['planning_horizons'][0]),
plots=expand(
RDIR + "/maps/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}-costs-all_{planning_horizons}.pdf",
**config['scenario']
)
output:
nodal_costs=SDIR + '/csvs/nodal_costs.csv',
nodal_capacities=SDIR + '/csvs/nodal_capacities.csv',
nodal_cfs=SDIR + '/csvs/nodal_cfs.csv',
cfs=SDIR + '/csvs/cfs.csv',
costs=SDIR + '/csvs/costs.csv',
capacities=SDIR + '/csvs/capacities.csv',
curtailment=SDIR + '/csvs/curtailment.csv',
energy=SDIR + '/csvs/energy.csv',
supply=SDIR + '/csvs/supply.csv',
supply_energy=SDIR + '/csvs/supply_energy.csv',
prices=SDIR + '/csvs/prices.csv',
weighted_prices=SDIR + '/csvs/weighted_prices.csv',
market_values=SDIR + '/csvs/market_values.csv',
price_statistics=SDIR + '/csvs/price_statistics.csv',
metrics=SDIR + '/csvs/metrics.csv'
threads: 2
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: SDIR + "/benchmarks/make_summary"
script: "scripts/make_summary.py"
rule plot_summary:
input:
costs=SDIR + '/csvs/costs.csv',
energy=SDIR + '/csvs/energy.csv',
balances=SDIR + '/csvs/supply_energy.csv',
eurostat=input_eurostat,
country_codes='data/Country_codes.csv',
output:
costs=SDIR + '/graphs/costs.pdf',
energy=SDIR + '/graphs/energy.pdf',
balances=SDIR + '/graphs/balances-energy.pdf'
threads: 2
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: SDIR + "/benchmarks/plot_summary"
script: "scripts/plot_summary.py"
clusters="[0-9]+(m|c)?|all",
ll="(v|c)([0-9\.]+|opt)",
opts="[-+a-zA-Z0-9\.]*",
sector_opts="[-+a-zA-Z0-9\.\s]*",
include: "rules/common.smk"
include: "rules/collect.smk"
include: "rules/retrieve.smk"
include: "rules/build_electricity.smk"
include: "rules/build_sector.smk"
include: "rules/solve_electricity.smk"
include: "rules/postprocess.smk"
include: "rules/validate.smk"
if config["foresight"] == "overnight":
rule solve_network:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
network=RDIR + "/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
costs=CDIR + "costs_{}.csv".format(config['costs']['year']),
config=SDIR + '/configs/config.yaml',
env=SDIR + '/configs/environment.yaml',
output: RDIR + "/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
shadow: "shallow"
log:
solver=RDIR + "/logs/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_solver.log",
python=RDIR + "/logs/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_python.log",
memory=RDIR + "/logs/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_memory.log"
threads: config['solving']['solver'].get('threads', 4)
resources: mem_mb=config['solving']['mem']
benchmark: RDIR + "/benchmarks/solve_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
script: "scripts/solve_network.py"
include: "rules/solve_overnight.smk"
if config["foresight"] == "myopic":
rule add_existing_baseyear:
include: "rules/solve_myopic.smk"
if config["foresight"] == "perfect":
include: "rules/solve_perfect.smk"
rule all:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
network=RDIR + '/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc',
powerplants=pypsaeur('resources/powerplants.csv'),
busmap_s=pypsaeur("resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}.csv"),
busmap=pypsaeur("resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"),
clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
costs=CDIR + "costs_{}.csv".format(config['scenario']['planning_horizons'][0]),
cop_soil_total="resources/cop_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_total="resources/cop_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
existing_heating='data/existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv',
country_codes='data/Country_codes.csv',
existing_solar='data/existing_infrastructure/solar_capacity_IRENA.csv',
existing_onwind='data/existing_infrastructure/onwind_capacity_IRENA.csv',
existing_offwind='data/existing_infrastructure/offwind_capacity_IRENA.csv',
output: RDIR + '/prenetworks-brownfield/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc'
wildcard_constraints:
planning_horizons=config['scenario']['planning_horizons'][0] #only applies to baseyear
threads: 1
resources: mem_mb=2000
benchmark: RDIR + '/benchmarks/add_existing_baseyear/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}'
script: "scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py"
RESULTS + "graphs/costs.pdf",
default_target: True
def solved_previous_horizon(wildcards):
planning_horizons = config["scenario"]["planning_horizons"]
i = planning_horizons.index(int(wildcards.planning_horizons))
planning_horizon_p = str(planning_horizons[i-1])
return RDIR + "/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_" + planning_horizon_p + ".nc"
rule purge:
run:
import builtins
do_purge = builtins.input(
"Do you really want to delete all generated resources, \nresults and docs (downloads are kept)? [y/N] "
)
if do_purge == "y":
rmtree("resources/", ignore_errors=True)
rmtree("results/", ignore_errors=True)
rmtree("doc/_build", ignore_errors=True)
print("Purging generated resources, results and docs. Downloads are kept.")
else:
raise Exception(f"Input {do_purge}. Aborting purge.")
rule add_brownfield:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
network=RDIR + '/prenetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc',
network_p=solved_previous_horizon, #solved network at previous time step
costs=CDIR + "costs_{planning_horizons}.csv",
cop_soil_total="resources/cop_soil_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
cop_air_total="resources/cop_air_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc"
output: RDIR + "/prenetworks-brownfield/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
threads: 4
resources: mem_mb=10000
benchmark: RDIR + '/benchmarks/add_brownfield/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}'
script: "scripts/add_brownfield.py"
rule dag:
message:
"Creating DAG of workflow."
output:
dot=RESOURCES + "dag.dot",
pdf=RESOURCES + "dag.pdf",
png=RESOURCES + "dag.png",
conda:
"envs/environment.yaml"
shell:
"""
snakemake --rulegraph all | sed -n "/digraph/,\$p" > {output.dot}
dot -Tpdf -o {output.pdf} {output.dot}
dot -Tpng -o {output.png} {output.dot}
"""
ruleorder: add_existing_baseyear > add_brownfield
rule doc:
message:
"Build documentation."
output:
directory("doc/_build"),
shell:
"make -C doc html"
rule solve_network_myopic:
input:
overrides="data/override_component_attrs",
network=RDIR + "/prenetworks-brownfield/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc",
costs=CDIR + "costs_{planning_horizons}.csv",
config=SDIR + '/configs/config.yaml'
output: RDIR + "/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}.nc"
shadow: "shallow"
log:
solver=RDIR + "/logs/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_solver.log",
python=RDIR + "/logs/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_python.log",
memory=RDIR + "/logs/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}_memory.log"
threads: 4
resources: mem_mb=config['solving']['mem']
benchmark: RDIR + "/benchmarks/solve_network/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_{planning_horizons}"
script: "scripts/solve_network.py"
rule sync:
params:
cluster=f"{config['remote']['ssh']}:{config['remote']['path']}",
shell:
"""
rsync -uvarh --ignore-missing-args --files-from=.sync-send . {params.cluster}
rsync -uvarh --no-g {params.cluster}/results . || echo "No results directory, skipping rsync"
rsync -uvarh --no-g {params.cluster}/logs . || echo "No logs directory, skipping rsync"
"""

11
borg-it Executable file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
#!/bin/sh
cd $(dirname $0)
[ -d "bak" ] || ( echo "Creating borg repository 'bak'"; borg init -e none bak )
if [ "$#" != "0" ]; then
backupkey=$1; shift
echo "Backing up current state to bak::$backupkey"
borg create --stats --exclude 'bak' --exclude '.git' --exclude '*/.ipynb_checkpoints' bak::$backupkey . "$@"
fi

645
config.default.yaml
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@ -1,645 +0,0 @@
version: 0.6.0
logging_level: INFO
retrieve_sector_databundle: true
results_dir: results/
summary_dir: results
costs_dir: ../technology-data/outputs/
run: your-run-name # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
foresight: overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below
scenario:
simpl: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
- ''
lv: # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 (today) or "opt"
- 1.0
- 1.5
clusters: # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
- 45
- 50
opts: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
- ''
sector_opts: # this is where the main scenario settings are
- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
# to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
# Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
# Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
# xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
# single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
# B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation,
# A for agriculture, forestry and fishing
# solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
# solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
# seq400 sets the potential of CO2 sequestration to 400 Mt CO2 per year
# dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
# for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
# emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
# planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
# cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
# decay with initial growth rate 0
planning_horizons: # investment years for myopic and perfect; for overnight, year of cost assumptions can be different and is defined under 'costs'
- 2050
# for example, set to
# - 2020
# - 2030
# - 2040
# - 2050
# for myopic foresight
# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
co2_budget:
2020: 0.7011648746
2025: 0.5241935484
2030: 0.2970430108
2035: 0.1500896057
2040: 0.0712365591
2045: 0.0322580645
2050: 0
# snapshots are originally set in PyPSA-Eur/config.yaml but used again by PyPSA-Eur-Sec
snapshots:
# arguments to pd.date_range
start: "2013-01-01"
end: "2014-01-01"
closed: left # end is not inclusive
atlite:
cutout: ../pypsa-eur/cutouts/europe-2013-era5.nc
# this information is NOT used but needed as an argument for
# pypsa-eur/scripts/add_electricity.py/load_costs in make_summary.py
electricity:
max_hours:
battery: 6
H2: 168
# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
pypsa_eur:
Bus:
- AC
Link:
- DC
Generator:
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
StorageUnit:
- PHS
- hydro
Store: []
energy:
energy_totals_year: 2011
base_emissions_year: 1990
eurostat_report_year: 2016
emissions: CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"
biomass:
year: 2030
scenario: ENS_Med
classes:
solid biomass:
- Agricultural waste
- Fuelwood residues
- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
- Sawdust
- Residues from landscape care
- Municipal waste
not included:
- Sugar from sugar beet
- Rape seed
- "Sunflower, soya seed "
- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
- Willow
- Poplar
- FuelwoodRW
- C&P_RW
biogas:
- Manure solid, liquid
- Sludge
solar_thermal:
clearsky_model: simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
orientation:
slope: 45.
azimuth: 180.
# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
existing_capacities:
grouping_years_power: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030]
grouping_years_heat: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019] # these should not extend 2020
threshold_capacity: 10
conventional_carriers:
- lignite
- coal
- oil
- uranium
sector:
district_heating:
potential: 0.6 # maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating
# increase of today's district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share
# progress = 0 means today's district heating share, progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating
progress:
2020: 0.0
2030: 0.3
2040: 0.6
2050: 1.0
district_heating_loss: 0.15
bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75 #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7 #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375 #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
bev_dsm: true #turns on EV battery
bev_availability: 0.5 #How many cars do smart charging
bev_energy: 0.05 #average battery size in MWh
bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9 #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
bev_charge_rate: 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
bev_avail_max: 0.95
bev_avail_mean: 0.8
v2g: true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
land_transport_fuel_cell_share:
2020: 0
2030: 0.05
2040: 0.1
2050: 0.15
land_transport_electric_share:
2020: 0
2030: 0.25
2040: 0.6
2050: 0.85
land_transport_ice_share:
2020: 1
2030: 0.7
2040: 0.3
2050: 0
transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
agriculture_machinery_electric_share: 0
agriculture_machinery_oil_share: 1
agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency: 0.7 # fuel oil per use
agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency: 0.3 # electricity per use
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2: 0.8787 # in LHV, source: DECHEMA (2017): Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry , pg. 64.
MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2: 4.0321 # in LHV, source: DECHEMA (2017): Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry , pg. 64.
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e: 3.6907 # in LHV, source: DECHEMA (2017): Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry , pg. 64.
shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction: false # whether to consider liquefaction costs for shipping H2 demands
shipping_hydrogen_share: 0
shipping_methanol_share: 1
shipping_oil_share: 0
shipping_methanol_efficiency: 0.46 # 10-15% higher https://www.iea-amf.org/app/webroot/files/file/Annex%20Reports/AMF_Annex_56.pdf, https://users.ugent.be/~lsileghe/documents/extended_abstract.pdf
shipping_oil_efficiency: 0.40 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
aviation_demand_factor: 1. # relative aviation demand compared to today
HVC_demand_factor: 1. # relative HVC demand compared to today
time_dep_hp_cop: true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
heat_pump_sink_T: 55. # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor: # per unit reduction in space heat demand
# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
2030: 0.09
2035: 0.11
2040: 0.16
2045: 0.21
2050: 0.29
retrofitting : # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
retro_endogen: false # co-optimise space heat savings
cost_factor: 1.0 # weight costs for building renovation
interest_rate: 0.04 # for investment in building components
annualise_cost: true # annualise the investment costs
tax_weighting: false # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
construction_index: true # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
tes: true
tes_tau: # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
decentral: 3
central: 180
boilers: true
oil_boilers: false
biomass_boiler: true
chp: true
micro_chp: false
solar_thermal: true
solar_cf_correction: 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
methanation: true
helmeth: true
coal_cc: false
dac: true
co2_vent: false
SMR: true
co2_sequestration_potential: 200 #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
co2_sequestration_cost: 10 #EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2
co2_network: false
cc_fraction: 0.9 # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
hydrogen_underground_storage: true
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
# - onshore # more than 50 km from sea
- nearshore # within 50 km of sea
# - offshore
ammonia: false # can be false (no NH3 carrier), true (copperplated NH3), "regional" (regionalised NH3 without network)
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
electricity_distribution_grid: true
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
electricity_grid_connection: true # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
H2_network: true
gas_network: false
H2_retrofit: false # if set to True existing gas pipes can be retrofitted to H2 pipes
# according to hydrogen backbone strategy (April, 2020) p.15
# https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020_European-Hydrogen-Backbone_Report.pdf
# 60% of original natural gas capacity could be used in cost-optimal case as H2 capacity
H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4: 0.6 # ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines
gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1 # https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation
gas_distribution_grid: true
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0 #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
biomass_transport: false # biomass transport between nodes
conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
OCGT: gas
biomass_to_liquid: false
biosng: false
industry:
St_primary_fraction: # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
2020: 0.6
2025: 0.55
2030: 0.5
2035: 0.45
2040: 0.4
2045: 0.35
2050: 0.3
DRI_fraction: # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
2020: 0
2025: 0
2030: 0.05
2035: 0.2
2040: 0.4
2045: 0.7
2050: 1
H2_DRI: 1.7 #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
elec_DRI: 0.322 #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
Al_primary_fraction: # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
2020: 0.4
2025: 0.375
2030: 0.35
2035: 0.325
2040: 0.3
2045: 0.25
2050: 0.2
MWh_NH3_per_tNH3: 5.166 # LHV
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
MWh_NH3_per_MWh_H2_cracker: 1.46 # https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
NH3_process_emissions: 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
HVC_primary_fraction: 1. # fraction of today's HVC produced via primary route
HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction: 0. # fraction of today's HVC produced via mechanical recycling
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction: 0. # fraction of today's HVC produced via chemical recycling
HVC_production_today: 52. # MtHVC/a from DECHEMA (2017), Figure 16, page 107; includes ethylene, propylene and BTX
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling: 0.547 # from SI of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010, Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756.
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling: 6.9 # Material Economics (2019), page 125; based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking
chlorine_production_today: 9.58 # MtCl/a from DECHEMA (2017), Table 7, page 43
MWh_elec_per_tCl: 3.6 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 6, page 43
MWh_H2_per_tCl: -0.9372 # DECHEMA (2017), page 43; negative since hydrogen produced in chloralkali process
methanol_production_today: 1.5 # MtMeOH/a from DECHEMA (2017), page 62
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH: 0.167 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 14, page 65
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH: 10.25 # DECHEMA (2017), Table 14, page 65
hotmaps_locate_missing: false
reference_year: 2015
# references:
# DECHEMA (2017): https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf
# Material Economics (2019): https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/industrial-transformation-2050
costs:
year: 2030
lifetime: 25 #default lifetime
# From a Lion Hirth paper, also reflects average of Noothout et al 2016
discountrate: 0.07
# [EUR/USD] ECB: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html # noqa: E501
USD2013_to_EUR2013: 0.7532
# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
# capital_cost:
# onwind: 500
marginal_cost:
solar: 0.01
onwind: 0.015
offwind: 0.015
hydro: 0.
H2: 0.
battery: 0.
emission_prices: # only used with the option Ep (emission prices)
co2: 0.
lines:
length_factor: 1.25 #to estimate offwind connection costs
solving:
#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
options:
formulation: kirchhoff
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
load_shedding: false
noisy_costs: true
skip_iterations: true
track_iterations: false
min_iterations: 4
max_iterations: 6
keep_shadowprices:
- Bus
- Line
- Link
- Transformer
- GlobalConstraint
- Generator
- Store
- StorageUnit
solver:
name: gurobi
threads: 4
method: 2 # barrier
crossover: 0
BarConvTol: 1.e-6
Seed: 123
AggFill: 0
PreDual: 0
GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
#FeasibilityTol: 1.e-6
#name: cplex
#threads: 4
#lpmethod: 4 # barrier
#solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
#barrier_convergetol: 1.e-5
#feasopt_tolerance: 1.e-6
mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
plotting:
map:
boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
color_geomap:
ocean: white
land: white
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 1
energy_max: 20000
energy_min: -20000
energy_threshold: 50
vre_techs:
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
renewable_storage_techs:
- PHS
- hydro
conv_techs:
- OCGT
- CCGT
- Nuclear
- Coal
storage_techs:
- hydro+PHS
- battery
- H2
load_carriers:
- AC load
AC_carriers:
- AC line
- AC transformer
link_carriers:
- DC line
- Converter AC-DC
heat_links:
- heat pump
- resistive heater
- CHP heat
- CHP electric
- gas boiler
- central heat pump
- central resistive heater
- central CHP heat
- central CHP electric
- central gas boiler
heat_generators:
- gas boiler
- central gas boiler
- solar thermal collector
- central solar thermal collector
tech_colors:
# wind
onwind: "#235ebc"
onshore wind: "#235ebc"
offwind: "#6895dd"
offshore wind: "#6895dd"
offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
# water
hydro: '#298c81'
hydro reservoir: '#298c81'
ror: '#3dbfb0'
run of river: '#3dbfb0'
hydroelectricity: '#298c81'
PHS: '#51dbcc'
wave: '#a7d4cf'
# solar
solar: "#f9d002"
solar PV: "#f9d002"
solar thermal: '#ffbf2b'
solar rooftop: '#ffea80'
# gas
OCGT: '#e0986c'
OCGT marginal: '#e0986c'
OCGT-heat: '#e0986c'
gas boiler: '#db6a25'
gas boilers: '#db6a25'
gas boiler marginal: '#db6a25'
gas: '#e05b09'
fossil gas: '#e05b09'
natural gas: '#e05b09'
CCGT: '#a85522'
CCGT marginal: '#a85522'
gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#692e0a'
gas for industry co2 to stored: '#8a3400'
gas for industry: '#853403'
gas for industry CC: '#692e0a'
gas pipeline: '#ebbca0'
gas pipeline new: '#a87c62'
# oil
oil: '#c9c9c9'
oil boiler: '#adadad'
agriculture machinery oil: '#949494'
shipping oil: "#808080"
land transport oil: '#afafaf'
# nuclear
Nuclear: '#ff8c00'
Nuclear marginal: '#ff8c00'
nuclear: '#ff8c00'
uranium: '#ff8c00'
# coal
Coal: '#545454'
coal: '#545454'
Coal marginal: '#545454'
solid: '#545454'
Lignite: '#826837'
lignite: '#826837'
Lignite marginal: '#826837'
# biomass
biogas: '#e3d37d'
biomass: '#baa741'
solid biomass: '#baa741'
solid biomass transport: '#baa741'
solid biomass for industry: '#7a6d26'
solid biomass for industry CC: '#47411c'
solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#736412'
solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#47411c'
biomass boiler: '#8A9A5B'
biomass to liquid: '#32CD32'
BioSNG: '#123456'
# power transmission
lines: '#6c9459'
transmission lines: '#6c9459'
electricity distribution grid: '#97ad8c'
# electricity demand
Electric load: '#110d63'
electric demand: '#110d63'
electricity: '#110d63'
industry electricity: '#2d2a66'
industry new electricity: '#2d2a66'
agriculture electricity: '#494778'
# battery + EVs
battery: '#ace37f'
battery storage: '#ace37f'
home battery: '#80c944'
home battery storage: '#80c944'
BEV charger: '#baf238'
V2G: '#e5ffa8'
land transport EV: '#baf238'
Li ion: '#baf238'
# hot water storage
water tanks: '#e69487'
hot water storage: '#e69487'
hot water charging: '#e69487'
hot water discharging: '#e69487'
# heat demand
Heat load: '#cc1f1f'
heat: '#cc1f1f'
heat demand: '#cc1f1f'
rural heat: '#ff5c5c'
central heat: '#cc1f1f'
decentral heat: '#750606'
low-temperature heat for industry: '#8f2727'
process heat: '#ff0000'
agriculture heat: '#d9a5a5'
# heat supply
heat pumps: '#2fb537'
heat pump: '#2fb537'
air heat pump: '#36eb41'
ground heat pump: '#2fb537'
Ambient: '#98eb9d'
CHP: '#8a5751'
CHP CC: '#634643'
CHP heat: '#8a5751'
CHP electric: '#8a5751'
district heating: '#e8beac'
resistive heater: '#d8f9b8'
retrofitting: '#8487e8'
building retrofitting: '#8487e8'
# hydrogen
H2 for industry: "#f073da"
H2 for shipping: "#ebaee0"
H2: '#bf13a0'
hydrogen: '#bf13a0'
SMR: '#870c71'
SMR CC: '#4f1745'
H2 liquefaction: '#d647bd'
hydrogen storage: '#bf13a0'
H2 storage: '#bf13a0'
land transport fuel cell: '#6b3161'
H2 pipeline: '#f081dc'
H2 pipeline retrofitted: '#ba99b5'
H2 Fuel Cell: '#c251ae'
H2 Electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
# ammonia
NH3: '#46caf0'
ammonia: '#46caf0'
ammonia store: '#00ace0'
ammonia cracker: '#87d0e6'
Haber-Bosch: '#076987'
# syngas
Sabatier: '#9850ad'
methanation: '#c44ce6'
methane: '#c44ce6'
helmeth: '#e899ff'
# synfuels
Fischer-Tropsch: '#25c49a'
liquid: '#25c49a'
kerosene for aviation: '#a1ffe6'
naphtha for industry: '#57ebc4'
methanolisation: '#83d6d5'
methanol: '#468c8b'
shipping methanol: '#468c8b'
# co2
CC: '#f29dae'
CCS: '#f29dae'
CO2 sequestration: '#f29dae'
DAC: '#ff5270'
co2 stored: '#f2385a'
co2: '#f29dae'
co2 vent: '#ffd4dc'
CO2 pipeline: '#f5627f'
# emissions
process emissions CC: '#000000'
process emissions: '#222222'
process emissions to stored: '#444444'
process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
oil emissions: '#aaaaaa'
shipping oil emissions: "#555555"
shipping methanol emissions: '#666666'
land transport oil emissions: '#777777'
agriculture machinery oil emissions: '#333333'
# other
shipping: '#03a2ff'
power-to-heat: '#2fb537'
power-to-gas: '#c44ce6'
power-to-H2: '#ff29d9'
power-to-liquid: '#25c49a'
gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
waste: '#e3d37d'
other: '#000000'

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#top-level-configuration
version: 0.8.1
tutorial: false
logging:
level: INFO
format: '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s'
private:
keys:
entsoe_api:
remote:
ssh: ""
path: ""
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#run
run:
name: ""
disable_progressbar: false
shared_resources: false
shared_cutouts: true
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#foresight
foresight: overnight
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#scenario
# Wildcard docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/wildcards.html
scenario:
simpl:
- ''
ll:
- v1.5
clusters:
- 37
- 128
- 256
- 512
- 1024
opts:
- ''
sector_opts:
- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
planning_horizons:
# - 2020
# - 2030
# - 2040
- 2050
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#countries
countries: ['AL', 'AT', 'BA', 'BE', 'BG', 'CH', 'CZ', 'DE', 'DK', 'EE', 'ES', 'FI', 'FR', 'GB', 'GR', 'HR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LT', 'LU', 'LV', 'ME', 'MK', 'NL', 'NO', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'RS', 'SE', 'SI', 'SK']
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#snapshots
snapshots:
start: "2013-01-01"
end: "2014-01-01"
inclusive: 'left'
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#enable
enable:
retrieve: auto
prepare_links_p_nom: false
retrieve_databundle: true
retrieve_sector_databundle: true
retrieve_cost_data: true
build_cutout: false
retrieve_irena: false
retrieve_cutout: true
build_natura_raster: false
retrieve_natura_raster: true
custom_busmap: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#co2-budget
co2_budget:
2020: 0.701
2025: 0.524
2030: 0.297
2035: 0.150
2040: 0.071
2045: 0.032
2050: 0.000
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#electricity
electricity:
voltages: [220., 300., 380., 500., 750.]
gaslimit: false
co2limit: 7.75e+7
co2base: 1.487e+9
agg_p_nom_limits: data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv
operational_reserve:
activate: false
epsilon_load: 0.02
epsilon_vres: 0.02
contingency: 4000
max_hours:
battery: 6
H2: 168
extendable_carriers:
Generator: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, OCGT]
StorageUnit: [] # battery, H2
Store: [battery, H2]
Link: [] # H2 pipeline
powerplants_filter: (DateOut >= 2022 or DateOut != DateOut)
custom_powerplants: false
conventional_carriers: [nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, hydro]
estimate_renewable_capacities:
enable: true
from_opsd: true
year: 2020
expansion_limit: false
technology_mapping:
Offshore: [offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
Onshore: [onwind]
PV: [solar]
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#atlite
atlite:
default_cutout: europe-2013-era5
nprocesses: 4
show_progress: false
cutouts:
# use 'base' to determine geographical bounds and time span from config
# base:
# module: era5
europe-2013-era5:
module: era5 # in priority order
x: [-12., 42.]
y: [33., 72]
dx: 0.3
dy: 0.3
time: ['2013', '2013']
europe-2013-sarah:
module: [sarah, era5] # in priority order
x: [-12., 42.]
y: [33., 65]
dx: 0.2
dy: 0.2
time: ['2013', '2013']
sarah_interpolate: false
sarah_dir:
features: [influx, temperature]
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#renewable
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
resource:
method: wind
turbine: Vestas_V112_3MW
add_cutout_windspeed: true
capacity_per_sqkm: 3
# correction_factor: 0.93
corine:
grid_codes: [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32]
distance: 1000
distance_grid_codes: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
natura: true
excluder_resolution: 100
potential: simple # or conservative
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
offwind-ac:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
resource:
method: wind
turbine: NREL_ReferenceTurbine_5MW_offshore
add_cutout_windspeed: true
capacity_per_sqkm: 2
correction_factor: 0.8855
corine: [44, 255]
natura: true
ship_threshold: 400
max_depth: 50
max_shore_distance: 30000
excluder_resolution: 200
potential: simple # or conservative
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
offwind-dc:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
resource:
method: wind
turbine: NREL_ReferenceTurbine_5MW_offshore
add_cutout_windspeed: true
capacity_per_sqkm: 2
correction_factor: 0.8855
corine: [44, 255]
natura: true
ship_threshold: 400
max_depth: 50
min_shore_distance: 30000
excluder_resolution: 200
potential: simple # or conservative
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
solar:
cutout: europe-2013-sarah
resource:
method: pv
panel: CSi
orientation:
slope: 35.
azimuth: 180.
capacity_per_sqkm: 1.7
# correction_factor: 0.854337
corine: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 31, 32]
natura: true
excluder_resolution: 100
potential: simple # or conservative
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
hydro:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
carriers: [ror, PHS, hydro]
PHS_max_hours: 6
hydro_max_hours: "energy_capacity_totals_by_country" # one of energy_capacity_totals_by_country, estimate_by_large_installations or a float
flatten_dispatch: false
flatten_dispatch_buffer: 0.2
clip_min_inflow: 1.0
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#conventional
conventional:
unit_commitment: false
dynamic_fuel_price: false
nuclear:
p_max_pu: "data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv" # float of file name
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#lines
lines:
types:
220.: "Al/St 240/40 2-bundle 220.0"
300.: "Al/St 240/40 3-bundle 300.0"
380.: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
500.: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
750.: "Al/St 560/50 4-bundle 750.0"
s_max_pu: 0.7
s_nom_max: .inf
max_extension: .inf
length_factor: 1.25
reconnect_crimea: true
under_construction: 'zero' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
dynamic_line_rating:
activate: false
cutout: europe-2013-era5
correction_factor: 0.95
max_voltage_difference: false
max_line_rating: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#links
links:
p_max_pu: 1.0
p_nom_max: .inf
max_extension: .inf
include_tyndp: true
under_construction: 'zero' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#transformers
transformers:
x: 0.1
s_nom: 2000.
type: ''
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#load
load:
power_statistics: true
interpolate_limit: 3
time_shift_for_large_gaps: 1w
manual_adjustments: true # false
scaling_factor: 1.0
# docs
# TODO: PyPSA-Eur merge issue in prepare_sector_network.py
# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
pypsa_eur:
Bus:
- AC
Link:
- DC
Generator:
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
StorageUnit:
- PHS
- hydro
Store: []
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#energy
energy:
energy_totals_year: 2011
base_emissions_year: 1990
eurostat_report_year: 2016
emissions: CO2
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#biomass
biomass:
year: 2030
scenario: ENS_Med
classes:
solid biomass:
- Agricultural waste
- Fuelwood residues
- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
- Sawdust
- Residues from landscape care
- Municipal waste
not included:
- Sugar from sugar beet
- Rape seed
- "Sunflower, soya seed "
- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
- Willow
- Poplar
- FuelwoodRW
- C&P_RW
biogas:
- Manure solid, liquid
- Sludge
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#solar-thermal
solar_thermal:
clearsky_model: simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
orientation:
slope: 45.
azimuth: 180.
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#existing-capacities
existing_capacities:
grouping_years_power: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030]
grouping_years_heat: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019] # these should not extend 2020
threshold_capacity: 10
conventional_carriers:
- lignite
- coal
- oil
- uranium
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#sector
sector:
district_heating:
potential: 0.6
progress:
2020: 0.0
2030: 0.3
2040: 0.6
2050: 1.0
district_heating_loss: 0.15
cluster_heat_buses: false
bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75
bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7
transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375
ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
bev_dsm: true
bev_availability: 0.5
bev_energy: 0.05
bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9
bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2
bev_charge_rate: 0.011
bev_avail_max: 0.95
bev_avail_mean: 0.8
v2g: true
land_transport_fuel_cell_share:
2020: 0
2030: 0.05
2040: 0.1
2050: 0.15
land_transport_electric_share:
2020: 0
2030: 0.25
2040: 0.6
2050: 0.85
land_transport_ice_share:
2020: 1
2030: 0.7
2040: 0.3
2050: 0
transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
agriculture_machinery_electric_share: 0
agriculture_machinery_oil_share: 1
agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency: 0.7
agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency: 0.3
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2: 0.8787
MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2: 4.0321
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e: 3.6907
shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction: false
shipping_hydrogen_share:
2020: 0
2030: 0
2040: 0
2050: 0
shipping_methanol_share:
2020: 0
2030: 0.3
2040: 0.7
2050: 1
shipping_oil_share:
2020: 1
2030: 0.7
2040: 0.3
2050: 0
shipping_methanol_efficiency: 0.46
shipping_oil_efficiency: 0.40
aviation_demand_factor: 1.
HVC_demand_factor: 1.
time_dep_hp_cop: true
heat_pump_sink_T: 55.
reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true
reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor:
2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
2030: 0.09
2035: 0.11
2040: 0.16
2045: 0.21
2050: 0.29
retrofitting:
retro_endogen: false
cost_factor: 1.0
interest_rate: 0.04
annualise_cost: true
tax_weighting: false
construction_index: true
tes: true
tes_tau:
decentral: 3
central: 180
boilers: true
oil_boilers: false
biomass_boiler: true
chp: true
micro_chp: false
solar_thermal: true
solar_cf_correction: 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
methanation: true
helmeth: false
coal_cc: false
dac: true
co2_vent: false
central_heat_vent: false
allam_cycle: false
hydrogen_fuel_cell: true
hydrogen_turbine: false
SMR: true
SMR_cc: true
regional_co2_sequestration_potential:
enable: false
attribute: 'conservative estimate Mt'
include_onshore: false
min_size: 3
max_size: 25
years_of_storage: 25
co2_sequestration_potential: 200
co2_sequestration_cost: 10
co2_sequestration_lifetime: 50
co2_spatial: false
co2network: false
cc_fraction: 0.9
hydrogen_underground_storage: true
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
# - onshore # more than 50 km from sea
- nearshore # within 50 km of sea
# - offshore
ammonia: false
min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0.9
min_part_load_methanolisation: 0.5
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
use_electrolysis_waste_heat: false
electricity_distribution_grid: true
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0
electricity_grid_connection: true
H2_network: true
gas_network: false
H2_retrofit: false
H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4: 0.6
gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1
gas_distribution_grid: true
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0
biomass_spatial: false
biomass_transport: false
conventional_generation:
OCGT: gas
biomass_to_liquid: false
biosng: false
limit_max_growth:
enable: false
# allowing 30% larger than max historic growth
factor: 1.3
max_growth: # unit GW
onwind: 16 # onshore max grow so far 16 GW in Europe https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020/wind
solar: 28 # solar max grow so far 28 GW in Europe https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020/solar-pv
offwind-ac: 35 # offshore max grow so far 3.5 GW in Europe https://windeurope.org/about-wind/statistics/offshore/european-offshore-wind-industry-key-trends-statistics-2019/
offwind-dc: 35
max_relative_growth:
onwind: 3
solar: 3
offwind-ac: 3
offwind-dc: 3
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#industry
industry:
St_primary_fraction:
2020: 0.6
2025: 0.55
2030: 0.5
2035: 0.45
2040: 0.4
2045: 0.35
2050: 0.3
DRI_fraction:
2020: 0
2025: 0
2030: 0.05
2035: 0.2
2040: 0.4
2045: 0.7
2050: 1
H2_DRI: 1.7
elec_DRI: 0.322
Al_primary_fraction:
2020: 0.4
2025: 0.375
2030: 0.35
2035: 0.325
2040: 0.3
2045: 0.25
2050: 0.2
MWh_NH3_per_tNH3: 5.166
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 1.17
MWh_NH3_per_MWh_H2_cracker: 1.46 # https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
NH3_process_emissions: 24.5
petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5
HVC_primary_fraction: 1.
HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction: 0.
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction: 0.
HVC_production_today: 52.
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling: 0.547
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling: 6.9
chlorine_production_today: 9.58
MWh_elec_per_tCl: 3.6
MWh_H2_per_tCl: -0.9372
methanol_production_today: 1.5
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH: 0.167
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH: 10.25
hotmaps_locate_missing: false
reference_year: 2015
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#costs
costs:
year: 2030
version: v0.6.0
rooftop_share: 0.14 # based on the potentials, assuming (0.1 kW/m2 and 10 m2/person)
social_discountrate: 0.02
fill_values:
FOM: 0
VOM: 0
efficiency: 1
fuel: 0
investment: 0
lifetime: 25
"CO2 intensity": 0
"discount rate": 0.07
# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
# capital_cost:
# onwind: 500
marginal_cost:
solar: 0.01
onwind: 0.015
offwind: 0.015
hydro: 0.
H2: 0.
electrolysis: 0.
fuel cell: 0.
battery: 0.
battery inverter: 0.
emission_prices:
co2: 0.
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#clustering
clustering:
focus_weights: false
simplify_network:
to_substations: false
algorithm: kmeans # choose from: [hac, kmeans]
feature: solar+onwind-time
exclude_carriers: []
remove_stubs: true
remove_stubs_across_borders: true
cluster_network:
algorithm: kmeans
feature: solar+onwind-time
exclude_carriers: []
consider_efficiency_classes: false
aggregation_strategies:
generators:
committable: any
ramp_limit_up: max
ramp_limit_down: max
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#solving
solving:
#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
options:
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
load_shedding: false
noisy_costs: true
skip_iterations: true
rolling_horizon: false
seed: 123
# options that go into the optimize function
track_iterations: false
min_iterations: 4
max_iterations: 6
transmission_losses: 0
linearized_unit_commitment: true
horizon: 365
solver:
name: gurobi
options: gurobi-default
solver_options:
highs-default:
# refer to https://ergo-code.github.io/HiGHS/options/definitions.html#solver
threads: 4
solver: "ipm"
run_crossover: "off"
small_matrix_value: 1e-6
large_matrix_value: 1e9
primal_feasibility_tolerance: 1e-5
dual_feasibility_tolerance: 1e-5
ipm_optimality_tolerance: 1e-4
parallel: "on"
random_seed: 123
gurobi-default:
threads: 4
method: 2 # barrier
crossover: 0
BarConvTol: 1.e-6
Seed: 123
AggFill: 0
PreDual: 0
GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
gurobi-numeric-focus:
name: gurobi
NumericFocus: 3 # Favour numeric stability over speed
method: 2 # barrier
crossover: 0 # do not use crossover
BarHomogeneous: 1 # Use homogeneous barrier if standard does not converge
BarConvTol: 1.e-5
FeasibilityTol: 1.e-4
OptimalityTol: 1.e-4
ObjScale: -0.5
threads: 8
Seed: 123
gurobi-fallback: # Use gurobi defaults
name: gurobi
crossover: 0
method: 2 # barrier
BarHomogeneous: 1 # Use homogeneous barrier if standard does not converge
BarConvTol: 1.e-5
FeasibilityTol: 1.e-5
OptimalityTol: 1.e-5
Seed: 123
threads: 8
cplex-default:
threads: 4
lpmethod: 4 # barrier
solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
barrier.convergetol: 1.e-5
feasopt.tolerance: 1.e-6
cbc-default: {} # Used in CI
glpk-default: {} # Used in CI
mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
walltime: "12:00:00"
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#plotting
plotting:
map:
boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
color_geomap:
ocean: white
land: white
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 1
energy_max: 20000
energy_min: -20000
energy_threshold: 50.
nice_names:
OCGT: "Open-Cycle Gas"
CCGT: "Combined-Cycle Gas"
offwind-ac: "Offshore Wind (AC)"
offwind-dc: "Offshore Wind (DC)"
onwind: "Onshore Wind"
solar: "Solar"
PHS: "Pumped Hydro Storage"
hydro: "Reservoir & Dam"
battery: "Battery Storage"
H2: "Hydrogen Storage"
lines: "Transmission Lines"
ror: "Run of River"
load: "Load Shedding"
ac: "AC"
dc: "DC"
tech_colors:
# wind
onwind: "#235ebc"
onshore wind: "#235ebc"
offwind: "#6895dd"
offshore wind: "#6895dd"
offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
offshore wind ac: "#6895dd"
offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
offshore wind dc: "#74c6f2"
# water
hydro: '#298c81'
hydro reservoir: '#298c81'
ror: '#3dbfb0'
run of river: '#3dbfb0'
hydroelectricity: '#298c81'
PHS: '#51dbcc'
hydro+PHS: "#08ad97"
wave: '#a7d4cf'
# solar
solar: "#f9d002"
solar PV: "#f9d002"
solar thermal: '#ffbf2b'
residential rural solar thermal: '#f1c069'
services rural solar thermal: '#eabf61'
residential urban decentral solar thermal: '#e5bc5a'
services urban decentral solar thermal: '#dfb953'
urban central solar thermal: '#d7b24c'
solar rooftop: '#ffea80'
# gas
OCGT: '#e0986c'
OCGT marginal: '#e0986c'
OCGT-heat: '#e0986c'
gas boiler: '#db6a25'
gas boilers: '#db6a25'
gas boiler marginal: '#db6a25'
residential rural gas boiler: '#d4722e'
residential urban decentral gas boiler: '#cb7a36'
services rural gas boiler: '#c4813f'
services urban decentral gas boiler: '#ba8947'
urban central gas boiler: '#b0904f'
gas: '#e05b09'
fossil gas: '#e05b09'
natural gas: '#e05b09'
biogas to gas: '#e36311'
CCGT: '#a85522'
CCGT marginal: '#a85522'
allam: '#B98F76'
gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#692e0a'
gas for industry co2 to stored: '#8a3400'
gas for industry: '#853403'
gas for industry CC: '#692e0a'
gas pipeline: '#ebbca0'
gas pipeline new: '#a87c62'
# oil
oil: '#c9c9c9'
imported oil: '#a3a3a3'
oil boiler: '#adadad'
residential rural oil boiler: '#a9a9a9'
services rural oil boiler: '#a5a5a5'
residential urban decentral oil boiler: '#a1a1a1'
urban central oil boiler: '#9d9d9d'
services urban decentral oil boiler: '#999999'
agriculture machinery oil: '#949494'
shipping oil: "#808080"
land transport oil: '#afafaf'
# nuclear
Nuclear: '#ff8c00'
Nuclear marginal: '#ff8c00'
nuclear: '#ff8c00'
uranium: '#ff8c00'
# coal
Coal: '#545454'
coal: '#545454'
Coal marginal: '#545454'
coal for industry: '#343434'
solid: '#545454'
Lignite: '#826837'
lignite: '#826837'
Lignite marginal: '#826837'
# biomass
biogas: '#e3d37d'
biomass: '#baa741'
solid biomass: '#baa741'
solid biomass transport: '#baa741'
solid biomass for industry: '#7a6d26'
solid biomass for industry CC: '#47411c'
solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#736412'
solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#47411c'
urban central solid biomass CHP: '#9d9042'
urban central solid biomass CHP CC: '#6c5d28'
biomass boiler: '#8A9A5B'
residential rural biomass boiler: '#a1a066'
residential urban decentral biomass boiler: '#b0b87b'
services rural biomass boiler: '#c6cf98'
services urban decentral biomass boiler: '#dde5b5'
biomass to liquid: '#32CD32'
BioSNG: '#123456'
# power transmission
lines: '#6c9459'
transmission lines: '#6c9459'
electricity distribution grid: '#97ad8c'
low voltage: '#97ad8c'
# electricity demand
Electric load: '#110d63'
electric demand: '#110d63'
electricity: '#110d63'
industry electricity: '#2d2a66'
industry new electricity: '#2d2a66'
agriculture electricity: '#494778'
# battery + EVs
battery: '#ace37f'
battery storage: '#ace37f'
battery charger: '#88a75b'
battery discharger: '#5d4e29'
home battery: '#80c944'
home battery storage: '#80c944'
home battery charger: '#5e8032'
home battery discharger: '#3c5221'
BEV charger: '#baf238'
V2G: '#e5ffa8'
land transport EV: '#baf238'
Li ion: '#baf238'
# hot water storage
water tanks: '#e69487'
residential rural water tanks: '#f7b7a3'
services rural water tanks: '#f3afa3'
residential urban decentral water tanks: '#f2b2a3'
services urban decentral water tanks: '#f1b4a4'
urban central water tanks: '#e9977d'
hot water storage: '#e69487'
hot water charging: '#e8998b'
urban central water tanks charger: '#b57a67'
residential rural water tanks charger: '#b4887c'
residential urban decentral water tanks charger: '#b39995'
services rural water tanks charger: '#b3abb0'
services urban decentral water tanks charger: '#b3becc'
hot water discharging: '#e99c8e'
urban central water tanks discharger: '#b9816e'
residential rural water tanks discharger: '#ba9685'
residential urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#baac9e'
services rural water tanks discharger: '#bbc2b8'
services urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#bdd8d3'
# heat demand
Heat load: '#cc1f1f'
heat: '#cc1f1f'
heat demand: '#cc1f1f'
rural heat: '#ff5c5c'
residential rural heat: '#ff7c7c'
services rural heat: '#ff9c9c'
central heat: '#cc1f1f'
urban central heat: '#d15959'
urban central heat vent: '#a74747'
decentral heat: '#750606'
residential urban decentral heat: '#a33c3c'
services urban decentral heat: '#cc1f1f'
low-temperature heat for industry: '#8f2727'
process heat: '#ff0000'
agriculture heat: '#d9a5a5'
# heat supply
heat pumps: '#2fb537'
heat pump: '#2fb537'
air heat pump: '#36eb41'
residential urban decentral air heat pump: '#48f74f'
services urban decentral air heat pump: '#5af95d'
urban central air heat pump: '#6cfb6b'
ground heat pump: '#2fb537'
residential rural ground heat pump: '#48f74f'
services rural ground heat pump: '#5af95d'
Ambient: '#98eb9d'
CHP: '#8a5751'
urban central gas CHP: '#8d5e56'
CHP CC: '#634643'
urban central gas CHP CC: '#6e4e4c'
CHP heat: '#8a5751'
CHP electric: '#8a5751'
district heating: '#e8beac'
resistive heater: '#d8f9b8'
residential rural resistive heater: '#bef5b5'
residential urban decentral resistive heater: '#b2f1a9'
services rural resistive heater: '#a5ed9d'
services urban decentral resistive heater: '#98e991'
urban central resistive heater: '#8cdf85'
retrofitting: '#8487e8'
building retrofitting: '#8487e8'
# hydrogen
H2 for industry: "#f073da"
H2 for shipping: "#ebaee0"
H2: '#bf13a0'
hydrogen: '#bf13a0'
retrofitted H2 boiler: '#e5a0d9'
SMR: '#870c71'
SMR CC: '#4f1745'
H2 liquefaction: '#d647bd'
hydrogen storage: '#bf13a0'
H2 Store: '#bf13a0'
H2 storage: '#bf13a0'
land transport fuel cell: '#6b3161'
H2 pipeline: '#f081dc'
H2 pipeline retrofitted: '#ba99b5'
H2 Fuel Cell: '#c251ae'
H2 fuel cell: '#c251ae'
H2 turbine: '#991f83'
H2 Electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
H2 electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
# ammonia
NH3: '#46caf0'
ammonia: '#46caf0'
ammonia store: '#00ace0'
ammonia cracker: '#87d0e6'
Haber-Bosch: '#076987'
# syngas
Sabatier: '#9850ad'
methanation: '#c44ce6'
methane: '#c44ce6'
helmeth: '#e899ff'
# synfuels
Fischer-Tropsch: '#25c49a'
liquid: '#25c49a'
kerosene for aviation: '#a1ffe6'
naphtha for industry: '#57ebc4'
methanolisation: '#83d6d5'
methanol: '#468c8b'
shipping methanol: '#468c8b'
# co2
CC: '#f29dae'
CCS: '#f29dae'
CO2 sequestration: '#f29dae'
DAC: '#ff5270'
co2 stored: '#f2385a'
co2: '#f29dae'
co2 vent: '#ffd4dc'
CO2 pipeline: '#f5627f'
# emissions
process emissions CC: '#000000'
process emissions: '#222222'
process emissions to stored: '#444444'
process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
oil emissions: '#aaaaaa'
shipping oil emissions: "#555555"
shipping methanol emissions: '#666666'
land transport oil emissions: '#777777'
agriculture machinery oil emissions: '#333333'
# other
shipping: '#03a2ff'
power-to-heat: '#2fb537'
power-to-gas: '#c44ce6'
power-to-H2: '#ff29d9'
power-to-liquid: '#25c49a'
gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
waste: '#e3d37d'
other: '#000000'
geothermal: '#ba91b1'
AC: "#70af1d"
AC-AC: "#70af1d"
AC line: "#70af1d"
links: "#8a1caf"
HVDC links: "#8a1caf"
DC: "#8a1caf"
DC-DC: "#8a1caf"
DC link: "#8a1caf"
load: "#dd2e23"

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
run:
name: "entsoe-all"
disable_progressbar: true
shared_resources: false
shared_cutouts: true
scenario:
simpl:
- ''
ll:
- vopt
clusters:
- 39
- 128
- 256
opts:
- ''
sector_opts:
- ''
planning_horizons:
- ''
# TODO add Turkey (TR)
countries: ['AL', 'AT', 'BA', 'BE', 'BG', 'CH', 'CZ', 'DE', 'DK', 'EE', 'ES', 'FI', 'FR', 'GB', 'GR', 'HR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LT', 'LU', 'LV', 'ME', 'MD', 'MK', 'NL', 'NO', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'RS', 'SE', 'SI', 'SK', 'UA']
electricity:
custom_powerplants: true
co2limit: 9.59e+7
co2base: 1.918e+9
lines:
reconnect_crimea: true
enable:
retrieve: true
retrieve_databundle: true
retrieve_sector_databundle: false
retrieve_cost_data: true
retrieve_cutout: true

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
run:
name: "perfect"
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#foresight
foresight: perfect
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#scenario
# Wildcard docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/wildcards.html
scenario:
simpl:
- ''
ll:
- v1.0
clusters:
- 37
opts:
- ''
sector_opts:
- 1p5-4380H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
- 1p7-4380H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
- 2p0-4380H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
planning_horizons:
- 2020
- 2030
- 2040
- 2050
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#co2-budget
co2_budget:
# update of IPCC 6th AR compared to the 1.5SR. (discussed here: https://twitter.com/JoeriRogelj/status/1424743828339167233)
1p5: 34.2 # 25.7 # Budget in Gt CO2 for 1.5 for Europe, global 420 Gt, assuming per capita share
1p6: 43.259666 # 35 # Budget in Gt CO2 for 1.6 for Europe, global 580 Gt
1p7: 51.4 # 45 # Budget in Gt CO2 for 1.7 for Europe, global 800 Gt
2p0: 69.778 # 73.9 # Budget in Gt CO2 for 2 for Europe, global 1170 Gt
sector:
min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0
min_part_load_methanolisation: 0

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
run:
name: "validation"
scenario:
ll:
- v1.0
clusters:
- 37
opts:
- 'Ept'
snapshots:
start: "2019-01-01"
end: "2020-01-01"
inclusive: 'left'
enable:
retrieve_cutout: false
electricity:
co2limit: 1e9
extendable_carriers:
Generator: []
StorageUnit: []
Store: []
Link: []
powerplants_filter: not (DateOut < 2019)
conventional_carriers: [nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, hydro]
estimate_renewable_capacities:
year: 2019
atlite:
default_cutout: europe-2019-era5
cutouts:
europe-2019-era5:
module: era5
x: [-12., 35.]
y: [33., 72]
dx: 0.3
dy: 0.3
time: ['2019', '2019']
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: europe-2019-era5
offwind-ac:
cutout: europe-2019-era5
offwind-dc:
cutout: europe-2019-era5
solar:
cutout: europe-2019-era5
hydro:
cutout: europe-2019-era5
flatten_dispatch: 0.01
conventional:
unit_commitment: false
dynamic_fuel_price: true
nuclear:
p_max_pu: "data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv"
biomass:
p_max_pu: 0.65
load:
power_statistics: false
lines:
s_max_pu: 0.23
under_construction: 'remove'
links:
include_tyndp: false
costs:
year: 2020
emission_prices:
co2: 25
clustering:
simplify_network:
exclude_carriers: [oil, coal, lignite, OCGT, CCGT]
cluster_network:
consider_efficiency_classes: true
solving:
options:
load_shedding: true
rolling_horizon: false
horizon: 1000
overlap: 48

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
tutorial: true
run:
name: "test-elec" # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
disable_progressbar: true
shared_resources: true
shared_cutouts: true
scenario:
clusters:
- 5
opts:
- Co2L-24H
countries: ['BE']
snapshots:
start: "2013-03-01"
end: "2013-03-08"
electricity:
co2limit: 100.e+6
extendable_carriers:
Generator: [OCGT]
StorageUnit: [battery]
Store: [H2]
Link: [H2 pipeline]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
atlite:
default_cutout: be-03-2013-era5
cutouts:
be-03-2013-era5:
module: era5
x: [4., 15.]
y: [46., 56.]
time: ["2013-03-01", "2013-03-08"]
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
offwind-ac:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
offwind-dc:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
solar:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
clustering:
exclude_carriers: ["OCGT", "offwind-ac", "coal"]
lines:
dynamic_line_rating:
activate: true
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_line_rating: 1.3
solving:
solver:
name: glpk
options: "glpk-default"
plotting:
map:
boundaries:
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 0.0000001
energy_max:
energy_min:
energy_threshold: 0.000001

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
tutorial: true
run:
name: "test-sector-myopic"
disable_progressbar: true
shared_resources: true
shared_cutouts: true
foresight: myopic
scenario:
ll:
- v1.5
clusters:
- 5
sector_opts:
- 24H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
planning_horizons:
- 2030
- 2040
- 2050
countries: ['BE']
snapshots:
start: "2013-03-01"
end: "2013-03-08"
sector:
central_heat_vent: true
electricity:
co2limit: 100.e+6
extendable_carriers:
Generator: [OCGT]
StorageUnit: [battery]
Store: [H2]
Link: [H2 pipeline]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
atlite:
default_cutout: be-03-2013-era5
cutouts:
be-03-2013-era5:
module: era5
x: [4., 15.]
y: [46., 56.]
time: ["2013-03-01", "2013-03-08"]
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
offwind-ac:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
offwind-dc:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
solar:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
industry:
St_primary_fraction:
2030: 0.6
2040: 0.5
2050: 0.4
solving:
solver:
name: glpk
options: glpk-default
mem: 4000
plotting:
map:
boundaries:
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 0.0000001
energy_max:
energy_min:
energy_threshold: 0.000001

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
tutorial: true
run:
name: "test-sector-overnight"
disable_progressbar: true
shared_resources: true
shared_cutouts: true
scenario:
ll:
- v1.5
clusters:
- 5
sector_opts:
- CO2L0-24H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
planning_horizons:
- 2030
countries: ['BE']
snapshots:
start: "2013-03-01"
end: "2013-03-08"
electricity:
co2limit: 100.e+6
extendable_carriers:
Generator: [OCGT]
StorageUnit: [battery]
Store: [H2]
Link: [H2 pipeline]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
atlite:
default_cutout: be-03-2013-era5
cutouts:
be-03-2013-era5:
module: era5
x: [4., 15.]
y: [46., 56.]
time: ["2013-03-01", "2013-03-08"]
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
offwind-ac:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
offwind-dc:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
solar:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
sector:
gas_network: true
H2_retrofit: true
solving:
solver:
name: glpk
options: glpk-default
mem: 4000
plotting:
map:
boundaries:
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 0.0000001
energy_max:
energy_min:
energy_threshold: 0.000001

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# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
tutorial: true
run:
name: "test-sector-perfect"
disable_progressbar: true
shared_resources: true
shared_cutouts: true
foresight: perfect
scenario:
ll:
- v1.0
clusters:
- 5
sector_opts:
- 8760H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1
planning_horizons:
- 2030
- 2040
- 2050
countries: ['BE']
snapshots:
start: "2013-03-01"
end: "2013-03-08"
electricity:
co2limit: 100.e+6
extendable_carriers:
Generator: [OCGT]
StorageUnit: [battery]
Store: [H2]
Link: [H2 pipeline]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
sector:
min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0
min_part_load_methanolisation: 0
atlite:
default_cutout: be-03-2013-era5
cutouts:
be-03-2013-era5:
module: era5
x: [4., 15.]
y: [46., 56.]
time: ["2013-03-01", "2013-03-08"]
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
offwind-ac:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
offwind-dc:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
max_depth: false
solar:
cutout: be-03-2013-era5
industry:
St_primary_fraction:
2020: 0.8
2030: 0.6
2040: 0.5
2050: 0.4
solving:
solver:
name: glpk
options: glpk-default
mem: 4000
plotting:
map:
boundaries:
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 0.0000001
energy_max:
energy_min:
energy_threshold: 0.000001

37
data/Country_codes.csv
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Country,2 letter code (ISO-3166-2),3 letter code (ISO-3166-3)
Albania,AL,ALB
Austria,AT,AUT
Bosnia Herzegovina,BA,BIH
Belgium,BE,BEL
Bulgaria,BG,BGR
Switzerland,CH,CHE
Cyprus,CY,CYP
Czech Republic,CZ,CZE
Germany,DE,DEU
Denmark,DK,DNK
Spain,ES,ESP
Estonia,EE,EST
Finland,FI,FIN
France,FR,FRA
United Kingdom,GB,GBR
Greece,GR,GRC
Croatia,HR,HRV
Hungary,HU,HUN
Ireland,IE,IRL
Iceland,IS,ISL
Italy,IT,ITA
Lithuania,LT,LTU
Luxembourg,LU,LUX
Latvia,LV,LVA
Malta,MT,MLT
Macedonia,MK,MKD
Montenegro,ME,MNE
Netherlands,NL,NLD
Norway,NO,NOR
Poland,PL,POL
Portugal,PT,PRT
Romania,RO,ROU
Serbia,RS,SRB
Slovakia,SK,SVK
Slovenia,SI,SVN
Sweden,SE,SWE
1 Country 2 letter code (ISO-3166-2) 3 letter code (ISO-3166-3)
2 Albania AL ALB
3 Austria AT AUT
4 Bosnia Herzegovina BA BIH
5 Belgium BE BEL
6 Bulgaria BG BGR
7 Switzerland CH CHE
8 Cyprus CY CYP
9 Czech Republic CZ CZE
10 Germany DE DEU
11 Denmark DK DNK
12 Spain ES ESP
13 Estonia EE EST
14 Finland FI FIN
15 France FR FRA
16 United Kingdom GB GBR
17 Greece GR GRC
18 Croatia HR HRV
19 Hungary HU HUN
20 Ireland IE IRL
21 Iceland IS ISL
22 Italy IT ITA
23 Lithuania LT LTU
24 Luxembourg LU LUX
25 Latvia LV LVA
26 Malta MT MLT
27 Macedonia MK MKD
28 Montenegro ME MNE
29 Netherlands NL NLD
30 Norway NO NOR
31 Poland PL POL
32 Portugal PT PRT
33 Romania RO ROU
34 Serbia RS SRB
35 Slovakia SK SVK
36 Slovenia SI SVN
37 Sweden SE SWE

151
data/GDP_PPP_30arcsec_v3_mapped_default.csv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
name,GDP_PPP,country
3140,632728.0438507323,MD
3139,806541.9318093687,MD
3142,1392454.6690911907,MD
3152,897871.2903553953,MD
3246,645554.8588933202,MD
7049,1150156.4449477682,MD
1924,162285.16792916053,UA
1970,751970.6071848695,UA
2974,368873.75840156944,UA
2977,294847.85539198935,UA
2979,197988.13680768458,UA
2980,301371.2491126519,UA
3031,56925.21878805953,UA
3032,139395.18279351242,UA
3033,145377.8061037629,UA
3035,52282.83655208812,UA
3036,497950.25890516065,UA
3037,1183293.1987702171,UA
3038,255005.98207636533,UA
3039,224711.50098325178,UA
3040,342959.943226467,UA
3044,69119.31486955672,UA
3045,246273.65986119965,UA
3047,146742.08407299497,UA
3049,107265.7028733467,UA
3050,1126147.985259493,UA
3051,69833.56303043803,UA
3052,67230.88206577855,UA
3053,27019.224685201345,UA
3054,260571.47337292184,UA
3055,88760.94152915622,UA
3056,101368.26196568517,UA
3058,55752.92329667119,UA
3059,89024.37880630122,UA
3062,358411.291265149,UA
3064,75081.64142862396,UA
3065,158101.42949135564,UA
3066,83763.89576442329,UA
3068,173474.51218344545,UA
3069,60327.01572375589,UA
3070,18073.687271955278,UA
3071,249069.43314695224,UA
3072,220707.35700825177,UA
3073,61342.30137462664,UA
3074,254235.98867635374,UA
3077,769558.9832370486,UA
3078,132674.2315809836,UA
3079,1388517.1478032232,UA
3080,1861003.8718246964,UA
3082,140123.73854745473,UA
3083,834887.5595419679,UA
3084,1910795.5590558557,UA
3086,93828.36549170096,UA
3088,347197.65113392205,UA
3089,3754718.141734592,UA
3090,521912.69768585655,UA
3093,232818.05269714879,UA
3095,435376.20361377904,UA
3099,345596.5288937008,UA
3100,175689.10947424968,UA
3105,538438.9311459162,UA
3107,88096.86032871014,UA
3108,79847.68447063807,UA
3109,348504.73449373,UA
3144,71657.0165675802,UA
3146,80342.05037424155,UA
3158,74465.12922576343,UA
3164,3102112.2672631275,UA
3165,65215.04081671433,UA
3166,413924.2225725632,UA
3167,135060.0056434935,UA
3168,54980.442979330146,UA
3170,29584.879122227037,UA
3171,142780.68163047134,UA
3172,40436.63814695243,UA
3173,1253342.1790126422,UA
3174,173842.03139155387,UA
3176,65699.76352408895,UA
3177,143591.75419817626,UA
3178,56434.04525832523,UA
3179,389996.1670051216,UA
3180,138452.84503524794,UA
3181,67402.59500436619,UA
3184,51204.293695376415,UA
3185,46867.82356528432,UA
3186,103892.35612417295,UA
3187,193668.91476930346,UA
3189,54584.176457692694,UA
3190,219077.64942830536,UA
3197,88516.52699983507,UA
3198,298166.8272673622,UA
3199,61334.952541812374,UA
3229,175692.61136747137,UA
3230,106722.62773321665,UA
3236,61542.06264321315,UA
3241,83752.90489164277,UA
4301,48419.52825967164,UA
4305,147759.74280349456,UA
4306,53156.905740992224,UA
4315,218025.78516351627,UA
4317,155240.40554731718,UA
4318,1342144.2459407183,UA
4319,91669.1449633853,UA
4321,85852.49282415409,UA
4347,67938.7698430624,UA
4357,20064.979012172935,UA
4360,47840.51245168512,UA
4361,55580.924388032574,UA
4362,165753.82588729708,UA
4363,46390.2448142152,UA
4365,96265.47592938849,UA
4366,272003.25510057947,UA
4367,80878.50229245829,UA
4370,330072.35444044066,UA
4371,7707066.181975477,UA
4373,2019766.7891575783,UA
4374,985354.331818515,UA
4377,230805.08833664874,UA
4382,125670.67125287943,UA
4383,46914.065511740075,UA
4384,48020.804310510954,UA
4385,55612.34707641123,UA
4387,74558.3475791577,UA
4388,245243.33449409154,UA
4389,95696.56767732685,UA
4391,251085.7523045193,UA
4401,66375.82996856027,UA
4403,111954.41038437477,UA
4405,46911.68560148837,UA
4408,150782.51691456966,UA
4409,112776.7399582134,UA
4410,153076.56860965435,UA
4412,192629.31238456024,UA
4413,181295.3120834606,UA
4414,995694.9413199169,UA
4416,157640.7868989174,UA
4418,77580.20674809469,UA
4420,122320.99275223716,UA
4424,184891.10924920067,UA
4425,84486.75974340564,UA
4431,50485.84380961137,UA
4435,231040.45446464577,UA
4436,81222.18707585508,UA
4438,114819.76472988473,UA
4439,76839.1052178896,UA
4440,135337.0313562152,UA
4441,49159.485269198034,UA
7031,42001.73757065917,UA
7059,159790.48382874,UA
7063,39599.10564971086,UA
1 name GDP_PPP country
2 3140 632728.0438507323 MD
3 3139 806541.9318093687 MD
4 3142 1392454.6690911907 MD
5 3152 897871.2903553953 MD
6 3246 645554.8588933202 MD
7 7049 1150156.4449477682 MD
8 1924 162285.16792916053 UA
9 1970 751970.6071848695 UA
10 2974 368873.75840156944 UA
11 2977 294847.85539198935 UA
12 2979 197988.13680768458 UA
13 2980 301371.2491126519 UA
14 3031 56925.21878805953 UA
15 3032 139395.18279351242 UA
16 3033 145377.8061037629 UA
17 3035 52282.83655208812 UA
18 3036 497950.25890516065 UA
19 3037 1183293.1987702171 UA
20 3038 255005.98207636533 UA
21 3039 224711.50098325178 UA
22 3040 342959.943226467 UA
23 3044 69119.31486955672 UA
24 3045 246273.65986119965 UA
25 3047 146742.08407299497 UA
26 3049 107265.7028733467 UA
27 3050 1126147.985259493 UA
28 3051 69833.56303043803 UA
29 3052 67230.88206577855 UA
30 3053 27019.224685201345 UA
31 3054 260571.47337292184 UA
32 3055 88760.94152915622 UA
33 3056 101368.26196568517 UA
34 3058 55752.92329667119 UA
35 3059 89024.37880630122 UA
36 3062 358411.291265149 UA
37 3064 75081.64142862396 UA
38 3065 158101.42949135564 UA
39 3066 83763.89576442329 UA
40 3068 173474.51218344545 UA
41 3069 60327.01572375589 UA
42 3070 18073.687271955278 UA
43 3071 249069.43314695224 UA
44 3072 220707.35700825177 UA
45 3073 61342.30137462664 UA
46 3074 254235.98867635374 UA
47 3077 769558.9832370486 UA
48 3078 132674.2315809836 UA
49 3079 1388517.1478032232 UA
50 3080 1861003.8718246964 UA
51 3082 140123.73854745473 UA
52 3083 834887.5595419679 UA
53 3084 1910795.5590558557 UA
54 3086 93828.36549170096 UA
55 3088 347197.65113392205 UA
56 3089 3754718.141734592 UA
57 3090 521912.69768585655 UA
58 3093 232818.05269714879 UA
59 3095 435376.20361377904 UA
60 3099 345596.5288937008 UA
61 3100 175689.10947424968 UA
62 3105 538438.9311459162 UA
63 3107 88096.86032871014 UA
64 3108 79847.68447063807 UA
65 3109 348504.73449373 UA
66 3144 71657.0165675802 UA
67 3146 80342.05037424155 UA
68 3158 74465.12922576343 UA
69 3164 3102112.2672631275 UA
70 3165 65215.04081671433 UA
71 3166 413924.2225725632 UA
72 3167 135060.0056434935 UA
73 3168 54980.442979330146 UA
74 3170 29584.879122227037 UA
75 3171 142780.68163047134 UA
76 3172 40436.63814695243 UA
77 3173 1253342.1790126422 UA
78 3174 173842.03139155387 UA
79 3176 65699.76352408895 UA
80 3177 143591.75419817626 UA
81 3178 56434.04525832523 UA
82 3179 389996.1670051216 UA
83 3180 138452.84503524794 UA
84 3181 67402.59500436619 UA
85 3184 51204.293695376415 UA
86 3185 46867.82356528432 UA
87 3186 103892.35612417295 UA
88 3187 193668.91476930346 UA
89 3189 54584.176457692694 UA
90 3190 219077.64942830536 UA
91 3197 88516.52699983507 UA
92 3198 298166.8272673622 UA
93 3199 61334.952541812374 UA
94 3229 175692.61136747137 UA
95 3230 106722.62773321665 UA
96 3236 61542.06264321315 UA
97 3241 83752.90489164277 UA
98 4301 48419.52825967164 UA
99 4305 147759.74280349456 UA
100 4306 53156.905740992224 UA
101 4315 218025.78516351627 UA
102 4317 155240.40554731718 UA
103 4318 1342144.2459407183 UA
104 4319 91669.1449633853 UA
105 4321 85852.49282415409 UA
106 4347 67938.7698430624 UA
107 4357 20064.979012172935 UA
108 4360 47840.51245168512 UA
109 4361 55580.924388032574 UA
110 4362 165753.82588729708 UA
111 4363 46390.2448142152 UA
112 4365 96265.47592938849 UA
113 4366 272003.25510057947 UA
114 4367 80878.50229245829 UA
115 4370 330072.35444044066 UA
116 4371 7707066.181975477 UA
117 4373 2019766.7891575783 UA
118 4374 985354.331818515 UA
119 4377 230805.08833664874 UA
120 4382 125670.67125287943 UA
121 4383 46914.065511740075 UA
122 4384 48020.804310510954 UA
123 4385 55612.34707641123 UA
124 4387 74558.3475791577 UA
125 4388 245243.33449409154 UA
126 4389 95696.56767732685 UA
127 4391 251085.7523045193 UA
128 4401 66375.82996856027 UA
129 4403 111954.41038437477 UA
130 4405 46911.68560148837 UA
131 4408 150782.51691456966 UA
132 4409 112776.7399582134 UA
133 4410 153076.56860965435 UA
134 4412 192629.31238456024 UA
135 4413 181295.3120834606 UA
136 4414 995694.9413199169 UA
137 4416 157640.7868989174 UA
138 4418 77580.20674809469 UA
139 4420 122320.99275223716 UA
140 4424 184891.10924920067 UA
141 4425 84486.75974340564 UA
142 4431 50485.84380961137 UA
143 4435 231040.45446464577 UA
144 4436 81222.18707585508 UA
145 4438 114819.76472988473 UA
146 4439 76839.1052178896 UA
147 4440 135337.0313562152 UA
148 4441 49159.485269198034 UA
149 7031 42001.73757065917 UA
150 7059 159790.48382874 UA
151 7063 39599.10564971086 UA

31
data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
country,carrier,min,max
DE,onwind,0.1,
DE,offwind-ac,0.1,
DE,offwind-dc,0.1,
DE,solar,0.2,
LU,onwind,,
LU,solar,,
NL,onwind,,
NL,offwind-ac,,
NL,offwind-dc,,
NL,solar,,
GB,onwind,,
GB,offwind-ac,,
GB,offwind-dc,,
GB,solar,,
IE,onwind,,
IE,offwind-ac,,
IE,offwind-dc,,
IE,solar,,
FR,onwind,,
FR,offwind-ac,,
FR,offwind-dc,,
FR,solar,,
DK,onwind,,
DK,offwind-ac,,
DK,offwind-dc,,
DK,solar,,
BE,onwind,,
BE,offwind-ac,,
BE,offwind-dc,,
BE,solar,,
1 country carrier min max
2 DE onwind 0.1
3 DE offwind-ac 0.1
4 DE offwind-dc 0.1
5 DE solar 0.2
6 LU onwind
7 LU solar
8 NL onwind
9 NL offwind-ac
10 NL offwind-dc
11 NL solar
12 GB onwind
13 GB offwind-ac
14 GB offwind-dc
15 GB solar
16 IE onwind
17 IE offwind-ac
18 IE offwind-dc
19 IE solar
20 FR onwind
21 FR offwind-ac
22 FR offwind-dc
23 FR solar
24 DK onwind
25 DK offwind-ac
26 DK offwind-dc
27 DK solar
28 BE onwind
29 BE offwind-ac
30 BE offwind-dc
31 BE solar

37
data/custom_powerplants.csv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
,Name,Fueltype,Technology,Set,Country,Capacity,Efficiency,Duration,Volume_Mm3,DamHeight_m,StorageCapacity_MWh,DateIn,DateRetrofit,DateMothball,DateOut,lat,lon,EIC,projectID
1266,Khmelnitskiy,Nuclear,,PP,UA,1901.8916595755832,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1988.0,2005.0,,,50.3023,26.6466,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO3842'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005111'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA22000']}"
1268,Kaniv,Hydro,Reservoir,PP,UA,452.1656050955414,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1972.0,2003.0,,,49.76653,31.47165,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43017'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005122'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA21140']}"
1269,Kahovska kakhovka,Hydro,Reservoir,PP,UA,352.45222929936307,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1955.0,1956.0,,,46.77858,33.36965,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43018'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005118'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA20855']}"
1347,Kharkiv,Natural Gas,Steam Turbine,CHP,UA,494.94274967602314,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1979.0,1980.0,,,49.9719,36107,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43027'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005126'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA21972']}"
1348,Kremenchuk,Hydro,Reservoir,PP,UA,617.0382165605096,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1959.0,1960.0,,,49.07759,33.2505,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43019'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005121'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23072']}"
1377,Krivorozhskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,2600.0164509342876,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1965.0,1992.0,,,47.5432,33.6583,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42989'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005100'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23176']}"
1407,Zmiyevskaya zmiivskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,2028.3816283884514,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1960.0,2005.0,,,49.5852,36.5231,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42999'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005103'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA51042']}"
1408,Pridneprovskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,CHP,UA,1627.3152609570984,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1959.0,1966.0,,,48.4051,35.1131,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42990'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005102'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA35874']}"
1409,Kurakhovskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,1371.0015824607397,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1972.0,2003.0,,,47.9944,37.24022,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42994'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005104'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23339']}"
1410,Dobrotvorsky,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,553.1949895604868,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1960.0,1964.0,,,50.2133,24375,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42992'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005096'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA10971']}"
1422,Zuyevskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,1147.87960333801,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1982.0,2007.0,,,48.0331,38.28615,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42995'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005106'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA51083']}"
1423,Zaporozhye,Nuclear,,PP,UA,5705.67497872675,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1985.0,1996.0,,,47.5119,34.5863,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO6207'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005114'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA50875']}"
1424,Trypilska,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,1659.5849686814602,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1969.0,1972.0,,,50.1344,30.7468,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43000'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005099'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA46410']}"
1425,Tashlyk,Hydro,Pumped Storage,Store,UA,285.55968954109585,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,2006.0,2007.0,,,47.7968,31.1811,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43025'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005117'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA44696']}"
1426,Starobeshivska,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,1636.5351774497733,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1961.0,1967.0,,,47.7997,38.00612,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43003'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005105'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA43083']}"
1427,South,Nuclear,,PP,UA,2852.837489363375,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1983.0,1989.0,,,47812,31.22,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO5475'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005113'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA42555']}"
1428,Rovno rivne,Nuclear,,PP,UA,2695.931427448389,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1981.0,2006.0,,,51.3245,25.89744,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO5174'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005112'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA38114']}"
1429,Ladyzhinska,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,1659.5849686814602,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1970.0,1971.0,,,48706,29.2202,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42993'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005098'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA24024']}"
1430,Kiev,Hydro,Pumped Storage,PP,UA,635.8694635681177,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1964.0,1972.0,,,50.5998,30501,"[nan, nan]","{'GEO': ['GEO43024', 'GEO43023'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005123', 'WRI1005124'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23516', 'CARMA23517']}"
2450,Cet chisinau,Natural Gas,,PP,MD,306.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,47.027550000000005,28.8801,"[nan, nan]","{'GPD': ['WRI1002985', 'WRI1002984'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA8450', 'CARMA8451']}"
2460,Hydropower che costesti,Hydro,,PP,MD,16.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1978.0,,,,47.8381,27.2246,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1002987'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA9496']}"
2465,Moldavskaya gres,Hard Coal,,PP,MD,2520.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,46.6292,29.9407,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1002989'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA28979']}"
2466,Hydropower dubasari,Hydro,,PP,MD,48.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,47.2778,29123,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1002988'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA11384']}"
2676,Cet nord balti,Natural Gas,,PP,MD,24.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,47.7492,27.8938,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1002986'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA3071']}"
2699,Dniprodzerzhynsk,Hydro,Reservoir,PP,UA,360.3503184713376,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1963.0,1964.0,,,48.5485,34.541015,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43020'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005119']}"
2707,Burshtynska tes,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,2212.779958241947,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1965.0,1984.0,,,49.21038,24.66654,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42991'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005097']}"
2708,Danipro dnieper,Hydro,Reservoir,PP,UA,1484.8407643312103,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1932.0,1947.0,,,47.86944,35.08611,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43016'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005120']}"
2709,Dniester,Hydro,Pumped Storage,Store,UA,612.7241020616891,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,2009.0,2011.0,,,48.51361,27.47333,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43022'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005116', 'WRI1005115']}"
2710,Kiev,Natural Gas,Steam Turbine,CHP,UA,458.2803237740955,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1982.0,1984.0,,,50532,30.6625,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42998'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005125']}"
2712,Luganskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,1060.2903966575996,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1962.0,1969.0,,,48.74781,39.2624,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42996'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005110']}"
2713,Slavyanskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,737.5933194139823,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1971.0,1971.0,,,48872,37.76567,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43002'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005109']}"
2714,Vuhlehirska uglegorskaya,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,3319.1699373629203,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1972.0,1977.0,,,48.4633,38.20328,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO43001'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005107']}"
2715,Zaporiska,Hard Coal,Steam Turbine,PP,UA,3319.1699373629203,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1972.0,1977.0,,,47.5089,34.6253,[nan],"{'GEO': ['GEO42988'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005101']}"
3678,Mironovskaya,Hard Coal,,PP,UA,815.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,,,,,48.3407,38.4049,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1005108'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA28679']}"
3679,Kramatorskaya,Hard Coal,,PP,UA,120.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1974.0,,,,48.7477,37.5723,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1075856'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA54560']}"
3680,Chernihiv,Hard Coal,,PP,UA,200.0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1968.0,,,,51455,31.2602,[nan],"{'GPD': ['WRI1075853'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA8190']}"
1 Name Fueltype Technology Set Country Capacity Efficiency Duration Volume_Mm3 DamHeight_m StorageCapacity_MWh DateIn DateRetrofit DateMothball DateOut lat lon EIC projectID
2 1266 Khmelnitskiy Nuclear PP UA 1901.8916595755832 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1988.0 2005.0 50.3023 26.6466 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO3842'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005111'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA22000']}
3 1268 Kaniv Hydro Reservoir PP UA 452.1656050955414 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1972.0 2003.0 49.76653 31.47165 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43017'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005122'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA21140']}
4 1269 Kahovska kakhovka Hydro Reservoir PP UA 352.45222929936307 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1955.0 1956.0 46.77858 33.36965 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43018'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005118'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA20855']}
5 1347 Kharkiv Natural Gas Steam Turbine CHP UA 494.94274967602314 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1979.0 1980.0 49.9719 36107 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43027'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005126'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA21972']}
6 1348 Kremenchuk Hydro Reservoir PP UA 617.0382165605096 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1959.0 1960.0 49.07759 33.2505 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43019'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005121'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23072']}
7 1377 Krivorozhskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 2600.0164509342876 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1965.0 1992.0 47.5432 33.6583 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42989'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005100'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23176']}
8 1407 Zmiyevskaya zmiivskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 2028.3816283884514 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1960.0 2005.0 49.5852 36.5231 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42999'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005103'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA51042']}
9 1408 Pridneprovskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine CHP UA 1627.3152609570984 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1959.0 1966.0 48.4051 35.1131 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42990'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005102'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA35874']}
10 1409 Kurakhovskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 1371.0015824607397 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1972.0 2003.0 47.9944 37.24022 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42994'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005104'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23339']}
11 1410 Dobrotvorsky Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 553.1949895604868 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1960.0 1964.0 50.2133 24375 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42992'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005096'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA10971']}
12 1422 Zuyevskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 1147.87960333801 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1982.0 2007.0 48.0331 38.28615 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42995'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005106'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA51083']}
13 1423 Zaporozhye Nuclear PP UA 5705.67497872675 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1985.0 1996.0 47.5119 34.5863 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO6207'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005114'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA50875']}
14 1424 Trypilska Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 1659.5849686814602 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1969.0 1972.0 50.1344 30.7468 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43000'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005099'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA46410']}
15 1425 Tashlyk Hydro Pumped Storage Store UA 285.55968954109585 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2006.0 2007.0 47.7968 31.1811 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43025'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005117'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA44696']}
16 1426 Starobeshivska Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 1636.5351774497733 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1961.0 1967.0 47.7997 38.00612 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43003'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005105'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA43083']}
17 1427 South Nuclear PP UA 2852.837489363375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1983.0 1989.0 47812 31.22 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO5475'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005113'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA42555']}
18 1428 Rovno rivne Nuclear PP UA 2695.931427448389 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1981.0 2006.0 51.3245 25.89744 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO5174'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005112'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA38114']}
19 1429 Ladyzhinska Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 1659.5849686814602 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1970.0 1971.0 48706 29.2202 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42993'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005098'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA24024']}
20 1430 Kiev Hydro Pumped Storage PP UA 635.8694635681177 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1964.0 1972.0 50.5998 30501 [nan, nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43024', 'GEO43023'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005123', 'WRI1005124'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA23516', 'CARMA23517']}
21 2450 Cet chisinau Natural Gas PP MD 306.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.027550000000005 28.8801 [nan, nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1002985', 'WRI1002984'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA8450', 'CARMA8451']}
22 2460 Hydropower che costesti Hydro PP MD 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1978.0 47.8381 27.2246 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1002987'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA9496']}
23 2465 Moldavskaya gres Hard Coal PP MD 2520.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46.6292 29.9407 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1002989'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA28979']}
24 2466 Hydropower dubasari Hydro PP MD 48.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.2778 29123 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1002988'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA11384']}
25 2676 Cet nord balti Natural Gas PP MD 24.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.7492 27.8938 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1002986'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA3071']}
26 2699 Dniprodzerzhynsk Hydro Reservoir PP UA 360.3503184713376 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1963.0 1964.0 48.5485 34.541015 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43020'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005119']}
27 2707 Burshtynska tes Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 2212.779958241947 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1965.0 1984.0 49.21038 24.66654 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42991'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005097']}
28 2708 Danipro dnieper Hydro Reservoir PP UA 1484.8407643312103 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1932.0 1947.0 47.86944 35.08611 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43016'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005120']}
29 2709 Dniester Hydro Pumped Storage Store UA 612.7241020616891 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2009.0 2011.0 48.51361 27.47333 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43022'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005116', 'WRI1005115']}
30 2710 Kiev Natural Gas Steam Turbine CHP UA 458.2803237740955 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1982.0 1984.0 50532 30.6625 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42998'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005125']}
31 2712 Luganskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 1060.2903966575996 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1962.0 1969.0 48.74781 39.2624 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42996'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005110']}
32 2713 Slavyanskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 737.5933194139823 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1971.0 1971.0 48872 37.76567 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43002'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005109']}
33 2714 Vuhlehirska uglegorskaya Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 3319.1699373629203 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1972.0 1977.0 48.4633 38.20328 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO43001'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005107']}
34 2715 Zaporiska Hard Coal Steam Turbine PP UA 3319.1699373629203 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1972.0 1977.0 47.5089 34.6253 [nan] {'GEO': ['GEO42988'], 'GPD': ['WRI1005101']}
35 3678 Mironovskaya Hard Coal PP UA 815.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.3407 38.4049 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1005108'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA28679']}
36 3679 Kramatorskaya Hard Coal PP UA 120.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1974.0 48.7477 37.5723 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1075856'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA54560']}
37 3680 Chernihiv Hard Coal PP UA 200.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1968.0 51455 31.2602 [nan] {'GPD': ['WRI1075853'], 'CARMA': ['CARMA8190']}

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https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/electricity/electricity-generation?pd=2&p=000000000000000000000000000000g&u=1&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&t=R&g=000000000000002&l=73-1028i008017kg6368g80a4k000e0ag00gg0004g8g0ho00g000400008&l=72-00000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000g&s=315532800000&e=1609459200000&ev=false&,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Report generated on: 01-06-2023 21:17:46,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
API,,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021
,hydroelectricity net generation (billion kWh),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
INTL.33-12-EURO-BKWH.A, Europe,"458,018","464,155","459,881","473,685","481,241","476,739","459,535","491,085","534,517","465,365","474,466","475,47","509,041","526,448","531,815","543,743","529,114164","543,845616","562,491501","566,861453","588,644662","584,806195","539,051405","503,7067","542,112443","542,974669","535,006084","538,449707","565,143111","561,761402","617,547148","540,926277","598,055253","629,44709","617,111295","613,079848","627,720566217","560,362524","616,5081462","606,5997419","644,1106599","628,1390143"
INTL.33-12-ALB-BKWH.A, Albania,"2,919","3,018","3,093","3,167","3,241","3,315","3,365","3,979","3,713","3,846","2,82","3,483","3,187","3,281","3,733","4,162","5,669","4,978","4,872","5,231","4,548","3,519","3,477","5,117","5,411","5,319","4,951","2,76","3,759","5,201","7,49133","4,09068","4,67775","6,88941","4,67676","5,83605","7,70418","4,47975","8,46648","5,15394","5,281","8,891943"
INTL.33-12-AUT-BKWH.A, Austria,"28,501","30,008","29,893","29,577","28,384","30,288","30,496","25,401","35,151","34,641","31,179","31,112","34,483","36,336","35,349","36,696","33,874","35,744","36,792","40,292","41,418","40,05","39,825","32,883","36,394","36,31","35,48","36,732","37,969","40,487","36,466","32,511","41,862","40,138","39,001","35,255","37,954","36,462","35,73","40,43655","41,9356096","38,75133"
INTL.33-12-BEL-BKWH.A, Belgium,"0,274","0,377","0,325","0,331","0,348","0,282","0,339","0,425","0,354","0,3","0,263","0,226","0,338","0,252","0,342","0,335","0,237","0,30195","0,38511","0,338","0,455","0,437","0,356","0,245","0,314","0,285","0,355","0,385","0,406","0,325","0,298","0,193","0,353","0,376","0,289","0,314","0,367","0,268","0,3135","0,302","0,2669","0,3933"
INTL.33-12-BIH-BKWH.A, Bosnia and Herzegovina,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"3,374","2,343","3,424","3,607","5,104","4,608","4,511","5,477","5,043","5,129","5,215","4,456","5,919","5,938","5,798","3,961","4,818","6,177","7,946","4,343","4,173","7,164","5,876","5,495","5,585","3,7521","6,35382","6,02019","4,58","6,722"
INTL.33-12-BGR-BKWH.A, Bulgaria,"3,674","3,58","3,018","3,318","3,226","2,214","2,302","2,512","2,569","2,662","1,859","2,417","2,042","1,923","1,453","2,291","2,89","2,726","3,066","2,725","2,646","1,72","2,172","2,999","3,136","4,294","4,196","2,845","2,796","3,435","4,98168","2,84328","3,14622","3,99564","4,55598","5,59845","3,8412","2,79972","5,09553","2,929499","2,820398","4,819205"
INTL.33-12-HRV-BKWH.A, Croatia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"4,298","4,302","4,881","5,212","7,156","5,234","5,403","6,524","5,794","6,482","5,311","4,827","6,888","6,27","5,94","4,194","5,164","6,663","9,035","4,983","4,789","8,536","8,917","6,327","6,784","5,255","7,62399","5,87268","5,6624","7,1277"
INTL.33-12-CYP-BKWH.A, Cyprus,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
INTL.33-12-CZE-BKWH.A, Czechia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"1,355","1,445","1,982","1,949","1,68201","1,382","1,664","1,7404","2,033","2,467","1,369","1,999","2,356","2,525","2,068","2,004","2,405","2,775","1,95","2,107","2,704","1,909","1,779","1,983","1,852","1,615","1,98792","2,143884","2,40852"
INTL.33-12-DNK-BKWH.A, Denmark,"0,03","0,031","0,028","0,036","0,028","0,027","0,029","0,029","0,032","0,027","0,027","0,026","0,028","0,027","0,033","0,03","0,019","0,019","0,02673","0,031","0,03","0,028","0,032","0,021","0,027","0,023","0,023","0,028","0,026","0,019","0,021","0,017","0,017","0,013","0,015","0,01803","0,01927","0,017871","0,0148621","0,0172171","0,017064","0,016295"
INTL.33-12-EST-BKWH.A, Estonia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"0,001","0,001","0,003","0,002","0,002","0,003","0,004","0,004","0,005","0,007","0,006","0,013","0,022","0,022","0,014","0,021","0,028","0,032","0,027","0,029999","0,042","0,026","0,027","0,027","0,035","0,025999","0,0150003","0,0189999","0,03","0,0248"
INTL.33-12-FRO-BKWH.A, Faroe Islands,"0,049","0,049","0,049","0,049","0,049","0,049","0,049","0,049","0,062","0,071","0,074","0,074","0,083","0,073","0,075","0,075","0,069564","0,075066","0,076501","0,069453","0,075262","0,075195","0,095535","0,08483","0,093443","0,097986","0,099934","0,103407","0,094921","0,091482","0,06676","0,092","0,099","0,091","0,121","0,132","0,105","0,11","0,107","0,102","0,11","0,11"
INTL.33-12-FIN-BKWH.A, Finland,"10,115","13,518","12,958","13,445","13,115","12,211","12,266","13,658","13,229","12,9","10,75","13,065","14,956","13,341","11,669","12,796","11,742","12,11958","14,9","12,652","14,513","13,073","10,668","9,495","14,919","13,646","11,379","14,035","16,941","12,559","12,743","12,278001","16,666998","12,672","13,240001","16,583999","15,634127","14,609473","13,1369998","12,2454823","15,883","15,766"
INTL.33-12-CSK-BKWH.A, Former Czechoslovakia,"4,8","4,2","3,7","3,9","3,2","4,3",4,"4,853","4,355","4,229","3,919","3,119","3,602",--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--
INTL.33-12-SCG-BKWH.A, Former Serbia and Montenegro,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"11,23","10,395","11,016","12,071","14,266","12,636","12,763","13,243","11,88","12,326","11,633","9,752","11,01","11,912",--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--
INTL.33-12-YUG-BKWH.A, Former Yugoslavia,"27,868","25,044","23,295","21,623","25,645","24,363","27,474","25,98","25,612","23,256","19,601","18,929",--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--
INTL.33-12-FRA-BKWH.A, France,"68,253","70,358","68,6","67,515","64,01","60,248","60,953","68,623","73,952","45,744","52,796","56,277","68,313","64,3","78,057","72,196","64,43","63,151","61,479","71,832","66,466","73,888","59,992","58,567","59,276","50,965","55,741","57,029","63,017","56,428","61,945","45,184","59,099","71,042","62,993","54,876","60,094","49,389","64,485","56,913891","62,06191","58,856657"
INTL.33-12-DEU-BKWH.A, Germany,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"14,742","17,223","17,699","19,731","21,562","21,737","17,18343","17,044","19,451","21,515","22,506","22,893","19,071","20,866","19,442","19,808","20,957","20,239","18,841","20,678","17,323","21,331","22,66","19,31","18,664","20,214","19,985","17,694","19,731","18,322","19,252"
INTL.33-12-DDR-BKWH.A," Germany, East","1,658","1,718","1,748","1,683","1,748","1,758","1,767","1,726","1,719","1,551","1,389",--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--
INTL.33-12-DEUW-BKWH.A," Germany, West","17,125","17,889","17,694","16,713","16,434","15,354","16,526","18,36","18,128","16,482","15,769",--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--
INTL.33-12-GIB-BKWH.A, Gibraltar,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
INTL.33-12-GRC-BKWH.A, Greece,"3,396","3,398","3,551","2,331","2,852","2,792","3,222","2,768","2,354","1,888","1,751","3,068","2,181","2,26","2,573","3,494","4,305","3,84318","3,68","4,546","3,656","2,076","2,772","4,718","4,625","4,967","5,806","2,565","3,279","5,32","7,431","3,998","4,387","6,337","4,464","5,782","5,543","3,962","5,035","3,9798","3,343687","5,909225"
INTL.33-12-HUN-BKWH.A, Hungary,"0,111","0,166","0,158","0,153","0,179","0,153","0,152","0,167","0,167","0,156","0,176","0,192","0,156","0,164","0,159","0,161","0,205","0,21384","0,15345","0,179","0,176","0,184","0,192","0,169","0,203","0,2","0,184","0,208","0,211","0,226","0,184","0,215999","0,205999","0,207999","0,294001","0,226719","0,253308","0,213999","0,216","0,2129999","0,238","0,202379"
INTL.33-12-ISL-BKWH.A, Iceland,"3,053","3,085","3,407","3,588","3,738","3,667","3,846","3,918","4,169","4,217","4,162","4,162","4,267","4,421","4,47","4,635","4,724","5,15493","5,565","5,987","6,292","6,512","6,907","7,017","7,063","6,949","7,22","8,31","12,303","12,156","12,509999","12,381999","12,213999","12,747001","12,554","13,541","13,091609","13,891929","13,679377","13,32911","12,9196201","13,5746171"
INTL.33-12-IRL-BKWH.A, Ireland,"0,833","0,855","0,792","0,776","0,68","0,824","0,91","0,673","0,862","0,684","0,69","0,738","0,809","0,757","0,911","0,706","0,715","0,67122","0,907","0,838","0,838","0,59","0,903","0,592","0,624","0,625","0,717","0,66","0,959","0,893","0,593","0,699","0,795","0,593","0,701","0,798","0,674","0,685","0,687","0,87813","0,932656","0,750122"
INTL.33-12-ITA-BKWH.A, Italy,"44,997","42,782","41,216","40,96","41,923","40,616","40,626","39,05","40,205","33,647","31,31","41,817","41,778","41,011","44,212","37,404","41,617","41,18697","40,808","44,911","43,763","46,343","39,125","33,303","41,915","35,706","36,624","32,488","41,207","48,647","50,506","45,36477","41,45625","52,24626","57,95955","45,08163","42,00768","35,83701","48,29913","45,31824","47,551784","44,739"
INTL.33-12-XKS-BKWH.A, Kosovo,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"0,075","0,119","0,154","0,104","0,095","0,142","0,149","0,139","0,243","0,177","0,27027","0,2079","0,262826","0,300635"
INTL.33-12-LVA-BKWH.A, Latvia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"2,498","2,846","3,272","2,908","1,841","2,922","2,99","2,729","2,791","2,805","2,438","2,243","3,078","3,293","2,671","2,706","3,078","3,422","3,487998","2,8568","3,677","2,838","1,953","1,841","2,522819","4,355513","2,4170639","2,0958919","2,5840101","2,6889293"
INTL.33-12-LTU-BKWH.A, Lithuania,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"0,308","0,389","0,447","0,369","0,323","0,291","0,413","0,409","0,336","0,322","0,35","0,323","0,417","0,446193","0,393","0,417","0,398","0,42","0,535","0,475","0,419","0,516","0,395","0,346","0,45","0,597","0,427","0,34254","0,3006","0,3837"
INTL.33-12-LUX-BKWH.A, Luxembourg,"0,086","0,095","0,084","0,083","0,088","0,071","0,084","0,101","0,097","0,072","0,07","0,083","0,069","0,066","0,117","0,087","0,059","0,082","0,114","0,084","0,119","0,117","0,098","0,078","0,103","0,093","0,11","0,116","0,131","0,105","0,104","0,061","0,095","0,114","0,104","0,095","0,111","0,082","0,089","0,10593","0,091602","0,1068"
INTL.33-12-MLT-BKWH.A, Malta,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
INTL.33-12-MNE-BKWH.A, Montenegro,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"1,733","1,271","1,524","2,05","2,723","1,192","1,462","2,479","1,734","1,476","1,825","1,014","1,693443","1,262781","0,867637","1,212652"
INTL.33-12-NLD-BKWH.A, Netherlands,0,0,0,0,0,"0,003","0,003","0,001","0,002","0,037","0,119","0,079","0,119","0,091","0,1","0,087","0,079","0,09108","0,111","0,089","0,141","0,116","0,109","0,071","0,094","0,087","0,105","0,106","0,101","0,097","0,105","0,057","0,104389","0,11431","0,112202","0,0927","0,100078","0,060759","0,0723481","0,074182","0,0462851","0,0838927"
INTL.33-12-MKD-BKWH.A, North Macedonia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"0,817","0,517","0,696","0,793","0,842","0,891","1,072","1,375","1,158","0,62","0,749","1,36","1,467","1,477","1,634",1,"0,832","1,257","2,407","1,419","1,031","1,568","1,195","1,846","1,878","1,099","1,773","1,15236","1,277144","1,451623"
INTL.33-12-NOR-BKWH.A, Norway,"82,717","91,876","91,507","104,704","104,895","101,464","95,321","102,341","107,919","117,369","119,933","109,032","115,505","118,024","110,398","120,315","102,823","108,677","114,546","120,237","140,4","119,258","128,078","104,425","107,693","134,331","118,175","132,319","137,654","124,03","116,257","119,78","141,189","127,551","134,844","136,662","142,244","141,651","138,202","123,66288","141,69",144
INTL.33-12-POL-BKWH.A, Poland,"2,326","2,116","1,528","1,658","1,394","1,833","1,534","1,644","1,775","1,593","1,403","1,411","1,492","1,473","1,716","1,868","1,912","1,941","2,286","2,133","2,085","2,302","2,256","1,654","2,06","2,179","2,022","2,328","2,13","2,351","2,9","2,313","2,02","2,421","2,165","1,814","2,117","2,552","1,949","1,93842","2,118337","2,339192"
INTL.33-12-PRT-BKWH.A, Portugal,"7,873","4,934","6,82","7,897","9,609","10,512","8,364","9,005","12,037","5,72","9,065","8,952","4,599","8,453","10,551","8,26","14,613","12,97395","12,853","7,213","11,21","13,894","7,722","15,566","9,77","4,684","10,892","9,991","6,73","8,201","15,954","11,423","5,589","13,652","15,471","8,615","15,608","5,79","12,316","8,6526","12,082581","11,846464"
INTL.33-12-ROU-BKWH.A, Romania,"12,506","12,605","11,731","9,934","11,208","11,772","10,688","11,084","13,479","12,497","10,87","14,107","11,583","12,64","12,916","16,526","15,597","17,334","18,69","18,107","14,63","14,774","15,886","13,126","16,348","20,005","18,172","15,806","17,023","15,379","19,684","14,581","11,945","14,807","18,618","16,467","17,848","14,349","17,48736","15,580622","15,381243","17,376933"
INTL.33-12-SRB-BKWH.A, Serbia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"10,855","9,937","9,468","10,436","11,772","8,58","9,193","10,101","10,893","9,979","10,684","9,061","10,53261","9,457175","9,034496","11,284232"
INTL.33-12-SVK-BKWH.A, Slovakia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"3,432","4,311","4,831","4,185","4,023","4,224","4,429","4,569","4,878","5,215","3,4452","4,059","4,592","4,355","4,406",4,"4,324","5,184","3,211","3,687","4,329","3,762","3,701","4,302","4,321","3,506","4,27383","4,517","4,17"
INTL.33-12-SVN-BKWH.A, Slovenia,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"3,379","2,974","3,348","3,187","3,616","3,046","3,4","3,684","3,771","3,741","3,265","2,916","4,033","3,426","3,555","3,233","3,978","4,666","4,452","3,506","3,841","4,562","6,011","3,75","4,443","3,814","4,643","4,43421","4,93406","4,711944"
INTL.33-12-ESP-BKWH.A, Spain,"29,16","21,64","25,99","26,696","31,088","30,895","26,105","27,016","34,76","19,046","25,16","27,01","18,731","24,133","27,898","22,881","39,404","34,43","33,665","22,634","29,274","40,617","22,691","40,643","31,359","18,209","25,699","27,036","23,13","26,147","41,576","30,07","20,192","36,45","38,815","27,656","35,77","18,007","33,743","24,23025","30,507","29,626"
INTL.33-12-SWE-BKWH.A, Sweden,"58,133","59,006","54,369","62,801","67,106","70,095","60,134","70,95","69,016","70,911","71,778","62,603","73,588","73,905","58,508","67,421","51,2226","68,365","74,25","70,974","77,798","78,269","65,696","53,005","59,522","72,075","61,106","65,497","68,378","65,193","66,279","66,047","78,333","60,81","63,227","74,734","61,645","64,651","61,79","64,46583","71,6","71,086"
INTL.33-12-CHE-BKWH.A, Switzerland,"32,481","35,13","35,974","35,069","29,871","31,731","32,576","34,328","35,437","29,477","29,497","31,756","32,373","35,416","38,678","34,817","28,458","33,70257","33,136","37,104","33,854","38,29","32,323","31,948","30,938","28,664","28,273","32,362","33,214","32,833","33,261","29,906","35,783","35,628","35,122","35,378","31,984","31,47968","32,095881","35,156989","37,867647","36,964485"
INTL.33-12-TUR-BKWH.A, Turkey,"11,159","12,308","13,81","11,13","13,19","11,822","11,637","18,314","28,447","17,61","22,917","22,456","26,302","33,611","30,28","35,186","40,07","39,41784","41,80671","34,33","30,57","23,77","33,346","34,977","45,623","39,165","43,802","35,492","32,937","35,598","51,423001","51,154999","56,668998","58,225","39,750001","65,856","66,685883","57,823851","59,490211","88,2094218","78,094369","55,1755392"
INTL.33-12-GBR-BKWH.A, United Kingdom,"3,921","4,369","4,543","4,548","3,992","4,08","4,767","4,13","4,915","4,732","5,119","4,534","5,329","4,237","5,043","4,79","3,359","4,127","5,117","5,336","5,085","4,055","4,78787","3,22767","4,844","4,92149","4,59315","5,0773","5,14119","5,22792","3,59138","5,69175","5,30965","4,70147","5,8878","6,29727","5,370412217","5,88187","5,44327","5,84628","6,75391","5,0149"
, Eurasia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
INTL.33-12-MDA-BKWH.A, Moldova,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"0,255","0,371","0,275","0,321","0,362","0,378","0,387","0,363","0,392","0,359","0,348","0,358","0,35","0,359","0,365","0,354","0,385","0,354","0,403","0,348","0,266","0,311","0,317","0,265","0,228","0,282","0,27324","0,29799","0,276","0,316"
INTL.33-12-UKR-BKWH.A, Ukraine,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,--,"7,725","10,929","11,997","9,853","8,546","9,757","15,756","14,177","11,161","11,912","9,531","9,146","11,635","12,239","12,757","10,042","11,397","11,817","13,02","10,837","10,374","13,663","8,393","5,343","7,594","8,856","10,32372","6,5083","7,5638","10,3326"
1 https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/electricity/electricity-generation?pd=2&p=000000000000000000000000000000g&u=1&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&t=R&g=000000000000002&l=73-1028i008017kg6368g80a4k000e0ag00gg0004g8g0ho00g000400008&l=72-00000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000g&s=315532800000&e=1609459200000&ev=false&
2 Report generated on: 01-06-2023 21:17:46
3 API 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
4 hydroelectricity net generation (billion kWh)
5 INTL.33-12-EURO-BKWH.A Europe 458,018 464,155 459,881 473,685 481,241 476,739 459,535 491,085 534,517 465,365 474,466 475,47 509,041 526,448 531,815 543,743 529,114164 543,845616 562,491501 566,861453 588,644662 584,806195 539,051405 503,7067 542,112443 542,974669 535,006084 538,449707 565,143111 561,761402 617,547148 540,926277 598,055253 629,44709 617,111295 613,079848 627,720566217 560,362524 616,5081462 606,5997419 644,1106599 628,1390143
6 INTL.33-12-ALB-BKWH.A Albania 2,919 3,018 3,093 3,167 3,241 3,315 3,365 3,979 3,713 3,846 2,82 3,483 3,187 3,281 3,733 4,162 5,669 4,978 4,872 5,231 4,548 3,519 3,477 5,117 5,411 5,319 4,951 2,76 3,759 5,201 7,49133 4,09068 4,67775 6,88941 4,67676 5,83605 7,70418 4,47975 8,46648 5,15394 5,281 8,891943
7 INTL.33-12-AUT-BKWH.A Austria 28,501 30,008 29,893 29,577 28,384 30,288 30,496 25,401 35,151 34,641 31,179 31,112 34,483 36,336 35,349 36,696 33,874 35,744 36,792 40,292 41,418 40,05 39,825 32,883 36,394 36,31 35,48 36,732 37,969 40,487 36,466 32,511 41,862 40,138 39,001 35,255 37,954 36,462 35,73 40,43655 41,9356096 38,75133
8 INTL.33-12-BEL-BKWH.A Belgium 0,274 0,377 0,325 0,331 0,348 0,282 0,339 0,425 0,354 0,3 0,263 0,226 0,338 0,252 0,342 0,335 0,237 0,30195 0,38511 0,338 0,455 0,437 0,356 0,245 0,314 0,285 0,355 0,385 0,406 0,325 0,298 0,193 0,353 0,376 0,289 0,314 0,367 0,268 0,3135 0,302 0,2669 0,3933
9 INTL.33-12-BIH-BKWH.A Bosnia and Herzegovina -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3,374 2,343 3,424 3,607 5,104 4,608 4,511 5,477 5,043 5,129 5,215 4,456 5,919 5,938 5,798 3,961 4,818 6,177 7,946 4,343 4,173 7,164 5,876 5,495 5,585 3,7521 6,35382 6,02019 4,58 6,722
10 INTL.33-12-BGR-BKWH.A Bulgaria 3,674 3,58 3,018 3,318 3,226 2,214 2,302 2,512 2,569 2,662 1,859 2,417 2,042 1,923 1,453 2,291 2,89 2,726 3,066 2,725 2,646 1,72 2,172 2,999 3,136 4,294 4,196 2,845 2,796 3,435 4,98168 2,84328 3,14622 3,99564 4,55598 5,59845 3,8412 2,79972 5,09553 2,929499 2,820398 4,819205
11 INTL.33-12-HRV-BKWH.A Croatia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4,298 4,302 4,881 5,212 7,156 5,234 5,403 6,524 5,794 6,482 5,311 4,827 6,888 6,27 5,94 4,194 5,164 6,663 9,035 4,983 4,789 8,536 8,917 6,327 6,784 5,255 7,62399 5,87268 5,6624 7,1277
12 INTL.33-12-CYP-BKWH.A Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 INTL.33-12-CZE-BKWH.A Czechia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,355 1,445 1,982 1,949 1,68201 1,382 1,664 1,7404 2,033 2,467 1,369 1,999 2,356 2,525 2,068 2,004 2,405 2,775 1,95 2,107 2,704 1,909 1,779 1,983 1,852 1,615 1,98792 2,143884 2,40852
14 INTL.33-12-DNK-BKWH.A Denmark 0,03 0,031 0,028 0,036 0,028 0,027 0,029 0,029 0,032 0,027 0,027 0,026 0,028 0,027 0,033 0,03 0,019 0,019 0,02673 0,031 0,03 0,028 0,032 0,021 0,027 0,023 0,023 0,028 0,026 0,019 0,021 0,017 0,017 0,013 0,015 0,01803 0,01927 0,017871 0,0148621 0,0172171 0,017064 0,016295
15 INTL.33-12-EST-BKWH.A Estonia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0,001 0,001 0,003 0,002 0,002 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,005 0,007 0,006 0,013 0,022 0,022 0,014 0,021 0,028 0,032 0,027 0,029999 0,042 0,026 0,027 0,027 0,035 0,025999 0,0150003 0,0189999 0,03 0,0248
16 INTL.33-12-FRO-BKWH.A Faroe Islands 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,062 0,071 0,074 0,074 0,083 0,073 0,075 0,075 0,069564 0,075066 0,076501 0,069453 0,075262 0,075195 0,095535 0,08483 0,093443 0,097986 0,099934 0,103407 0,094921 0,091482 0,06676 0,092 0,099 0,091 0,121 0,132 0,105 0,11 0,107 0,102 0,11 0,11
17 INTL.33-12-FIN-BKWH.A Finland 10,115 13,518 12,958 13,445 13,115 12,211 12,266 13,658 13,229 12,9 10,75 13,065 14,956 13,341 11,669 12,796 11,742 12,11958 14,9 12,652 14,513 13,073 10,668 9,495 14,919 13,646 11,379 14,035 16,941 12,559 12,743 12,278001 16,666998 12,672 13,240001 16,583999 15,634127 14,609473 13,1369998 12,2454823 15,883 15,766
18 INTL.33-12-CSK-BKWH.A Former Czechoslovakia 4,8 4,2 3,7 3,9 3,2 4,3 4 4,853 4,355 4,229 3,919 3,119 3,602 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
19 INTL.33-12-SCG-BKWH.A Former Serbia and Montenegro -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 11,23 10,395 11,016 12,071 14,266 12,636 12,763 13,243 11,88 12,326 11,633 9,752 11,01 11,912 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
20 INTL.33-12-YUG-BKWH.A Former Yugoslavia 27,868 25,044 23,295 21,623 25,645 24,363 27,474 25,98 25,612 23,256 19,601 18,929 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
21 INTL.33-12-FRA-BKWH.A France 68,253 70,358 68,6 67,515 64,01 60,248 60,953 68,623 73,952 45,744 52,796 56,277 68,313 64,3 78,057 72,196 64,43 63,151 61,479 71,832 66,466 73,888 59,992 58,567 59,276 50,965 55,741 57,029 63,017 56,428 61,945 45,184 59,099 71,042 62,993 54,876 60,094 49,389 64,485 56,913891 62,06191 58,856657
22 INTL.33-12-DEU-BKWH.A Germany -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 14,742 17,223 17,699 19,731 21,562 21,737 17,18343 17,044 19,451 21,515 22,506 22,893 19,071 20,866 19,442 19,808 20,957 20,239 18,841 20,678 17,323 21,331 22,66 19,31 18,664 20,214 19,985 17,694 19,731 18,322 19,252
23 INTL.33-12-DDR-BKWH.A Germany, East 1,658 1,718 1,748 1,683 1,748 1,758 1,767 1,726 1,719 1,551 1,389 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
24 INTL.33-12-DEUW-BKWH.A Germany, West 17,125 17,889 17,694 16,713 16,434 15,354 16,526 18,36 18,128 16,482 15,769 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
25 INTL.33-12-GIB-BKWH.A Gibraltar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
26 INTL.33-12-GRC-BKWH.A Greece 3,396 3,398 3,551 2,331 2,852 2,792 3,222 2,768 2,354 1,888 1,751 3,068 2,181 2,26 2,573 3,494 4,305 3,84318 3,68 4,546 3,656 2,076 2,772 4,718 4,625 4,967 5,806 2,565 3,279 5,32 7,431 3,998 4,387 6,337 4,464 5,782 5,543 3,962 5,035 3,9798 3,343687 5,909225
27 INTL.33-12-HUN-BKWH.A Hungary 0,111 0,166 0,158 0,153 0,179 0,153 0,152 0,167 0,167 0,156 0,176 0,192 0,156 0,164 0,159 0,161 0,205 0,21384 0,15345 0,179 0,176 0,184 0,192 0,169 0,203 0,2 0,184 0,208 0,211 0,226 0,184 0,215999 0,205999 0,207999 0,294001 0,226719 0,253308 0,213999 0,216 0,2129999 0,238 0,202379
28 INTL.33-12-ISL-BKWH.A Iceland 3,053 3,085 3,407 3,588 3,738 3,667 3,846 3,918 4,169 4,217 4,162 4,162 4,267 4,421 4,47 4,635 4,724 5,15493 5,565 5,987 6,292 6,512 6,907 7,017 7,063 6,949 7,22 8,31 12,303 12,156 12,509999 12,381999 12,213999 12,747001 12,554 13,541 13,091609 13,891929 13,679377 13,32911 12,9196201 13,5746171
29 INTL.33-12-IRL-BKWH.A Ireland 0,833 0,855 0,792 0,776 0,68 0,824 0,91 0,673 0,862 0,684 0,69 0,738 0,809 0,757 0,911 0,706 0,715 0,67122 0,907 0,838 0,838 0,59 0,903 0,592 0,624 0,625 0,717 0,66 0,959 0,893 0,593 0,699 0,795 0,593 0,701 0,798 0,674 0,685 0,687 0,87813 0,932656 0,750122
30 INTL.33-12-ITA-BKWH.A Italy 44,997 42,782 41,216 40,96 41,923 40,616 40,626 39,05 40,205 33,647 31,31 41,817 41,778 41,011 44,212 37,404 41,617 41,18697 40,808 44,911 43,763 46,343 39,125 33,303 41,915 35,706 36,624 32,488 41,207 48,647 50,506 45,36477 41,45625 52,24626 57,95955 45,08163 42,00768 35,83701 48,29913 45,31824 47,551784 44,739
31 INTL.33-12-XKS-BKWH.A Kosovo -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0,075 0,119 0,154 0,104 0,095 0,142 0,149 0,139 0,243 0,177 0,27027 0,2079 0,262826 0,300635
32 INTL.33-12-LVA-BKWH.A Latvia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,498 2,846 3,272 2,908 1,841 2,922 2,99 2,729 2,791 2,805 2,438 2,243 3,078 3,293 2,671 2,706 3,078 3,422 3,487998 2,8568 3,677 2,838 1,953 1,841 2,522819 4,355513 2,4170639 2,0958919 2,5840101 2,6889293
33 INTL.33-12-LTU-BKWH.A Lithuania -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0,308 0,389 0,447 0,369 0,323 0,291 0,413 0,409 0,336 0,322 0,35 0,323 0,417 0,446193 0,393 0,417 0,398 0,42 0,535 0,475 0,419 0,516 0,395 0,346 0,45 0,597 0,427 0,34254 0,3006 0,3837
34 INTL.33-12-LUX-BKWH.A Luxembourg 0,086 0,095 0,084 0,083 0,088 0,071 0,084 0,101 0,097 0,072 0,07 0,083 0,069 0,066 0,117 0,087 0,059 0,082 0,114 0,084 0,119 0,117 0,098 0,078 0,103 0,093 0,11 0,116 0,131 0,105 0,104 0,061 0,095 0,114 0,104 0,095 0,111 0,082 0,089 0,10593 0,091602 0,1068
35 INTL.33-12-MLT-BKWH.A Malta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
36 INTL.33-12-MNE-BKWH.A Montenegro -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,733 1,271 1,524 2,05 2,723 1,192 1,462 2,479 1,734 1,476 1,825 1,014 1,693443 1,262781 0,867637 1,212652
37 INTL.33-12-NLD-BKWH.A Netherlands 0 0 0 0 0 0,003 0,003 0,001 0,002 0,037 0,119 0,079 0,119 0,091 0,1 0,087 0,079 0,09108 0,111 0,089 0,141 0,116 0,109 0,071 0,094 0,087 0,105 0,106 0,101 0,097 0,105 0,057 0,104389 0,11431 0,112202 0,0927 0,100078 0,060759 0,0723481 0,074182 0,0462851 0,0838927
38 INTL.33-12-MKD-BKWH.A North Macedonia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0,817 0,517 0,696 0,793 0,842 0,891 1,072 1,375 1,158 0,62 0,749 1,36 1,467 1,477 1,634 1 0,832 1,257 2,407 1,419 1,031 1,568 1,195 1,846 1,878 1,099 1,773 1,15236 1,277144 1,451623
39 INTL.33-12-NOR-BKWH.A Norway 82,717 91,876 91,507 104,704 104,895 101,464 95,321 102,341 107,919 117,369 119,933 109,032 115,505 118,024 110,398 120,315 102,823 108,677 114,546 120,237 140,4 119,258 128,078 104,425 107,693 134,331 118,175 132,319 137,654 124,03 116,257 119,78 141,189 127,551 134,844 136,662 142,244 141,651 138,202 123,66288 141,69 144
40 INTL.33-12-POL-BKWH.A Poland 2,326 2,116 1,528 1,658 1,394 1,833 1,534 1,644 1,775 1,593 1,403 1,411 1,492 1,473 1,716 1,868 1,912 1,941 2,286 2,133 2,085 2,302 2,256 1,654 2,06 2,179 2,022 2,328 2,13 2,351 2,9 2,313 2,02 2,421 2,165 1,814 2,117 2,552 1,949 1,93842 2,118337 2,339192
41 INTL.33-12-PRT-BKWH.A Portugal 7,873 4,934 6,82 7,897 9,609 10,512 8,364 9,005 12,037 5,72 9,065 8,952 4,599 8,453 10,551 8,26 14,613 12,97395 12,853 7,213 11,21 13,894 7,722 15,566 9,77 4,684 10,892 9,991 6,73 8,201 15,954 11,423 5,589 13,652 15,471 8,615 15,608 5,79 12,316 8,6526 12,082581 11,846464
42 INTL.33-12-ROU-BKWH.A Romania 12,506 12,605 11,731 9,934 11,208 11,772 10,688 11,084 13,479 12,497 10,87 14,107 11,583 12,64 12,916 16,526 15,597 17,334 18,69 18,107 14,63 14,774 15,886 13,126 16,348 20,005 18,172 15,806 17,023 15,379 19,684 14,581 11,945 14,807 18,618 16,467 17,848 14,349 17,48736 15,580622 15,381243 17,376933
43 INTL.33-12-SRB-BKWH.A Serbia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10,855 9,937 9,468 10,436 11,772 8,58 9,193 10,101 10,893 9,979 10,684 9,061 10,53261 9,457175 9,034496 11,284232
44 INTL.33-12-SVK-BKWH.A Slovakia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3,432 4,311 4,831 4,185 4,023 4,224 4,429 4,569 4,878 5,215 3,4452 4,059 4,592 4,355 4,406 4 4,324 5,184 3,211 3,687 4,329 3,762 3,701 4,302 4,321 3,506 4,27383 4,517 4,17
45 INTL.33-12-SVN-BKWH.A Slovenia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3,379 2,974 3,348 3,187 3,616 3,046 3,4 3,684 3,771 3,741 3,265 2,916 4,033 3,426 3,555 3,233 3,978 4,666 4,452 3,506 3,841 4,562 6,011 3,75 4,443 3,814 4,643 4,43421 4,93406 4,711944
46 INTL.33-12-ESP-BKWH.A Spain 29,16 21,64 25,99 26,696 31,088 30,895 26,105 27,016 34,76 19,046 25,16 27,01 18,731 24,133 27,898 22,881 39,404 34,43 33,665 22,634 29,274 40,617 22,691 40,643 31,359 18,209 25,699 27,036 23,13 26,147 41,576 30,07 20,192 36,45 38,815 27,656 35,77 18,007 33,743 24,23025 30,507 29,626
47 INTL.33-12-SWE-BKWH.A Sweden 58,133 59,006 54,369 62,801 67,106 70,095 60,134 70,95 69,016 70,911 71,778 62,603 73,588 73,905 58,508 67,421 51,2226 68,365 74,25 70,974 77,798 78,269 65,696 53,005 59,522 72,075 61,106 65,497 68,378 65,193 66,279 66,047 78,333 60,81 63,227 74,734 61,645 64,651 61,79 64,46583 71,6 71,086
48 INTL.33-12-CHE-BKWH.A Switzerland 32,481 35,13 35,974 35,069 29,871 31,731 32,576 34,328 35,437 29,477 29,497 31,756 32,373 35,416 38,678 34,817 28,458 33,70257 33,136 37,104 33,854 38,29 32,323 31,948 30,938 28,664 28,273 32,362 33,214 32,833 33,261 29,906 35,783 35,628 35,122 35,378 31,984 31,47968 32,095881 35,156989 37,867647 36,964485
49 INTL.33-12-TUR-BKWH.A Turkey 11,159 12,308 13,81 11,13 13,19 11,822 11,637 18,314 28,447 17,61 22,917 22,456 26,302 33,611 30,28 35,186 40,07 39,41784 41,80671 34,33 30,57 23,77 33,346 34,977 45,623 39,165 43,802 35,492 32,937 35,598 51,423001 51,154999 56,668998 58,225 39,750001 65,856 66,685883 57,823851 59,490211 88,2094218 78,094369 55,1755392
50 INTL.33-12-GBR-BKWH.A United Kingdom 3,921 4,369 4,543 4,548 3,992 4,08 4,767 4,13 4,915 4,732 5,119 4,534 5,329 4,237 5,043 4,79 3,359 4,127 5,117 5,336 5,085 4,055 4,78787 3,22767 4,844 4,92149 4,59315 5,0773 5,14119 5,22792 3,59138 5,69175 5,30965 4,70147 5,8878 6,29727 5,370412217 5,88187 5,44327 5,84628 6,75391 5,0149
51 Eurasia
52 INTL.33-12-MDA-BKWH.A Moldova -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0,255 0,371 0,275 0,321 0,362 0,378 0,387 0,363 0,392 0,359 0,348 0,358 0,35 0,359 0,365 0,354 0,385 0,354 0,403 0,348 0,266 0,311 0,317 0,265 0,228 0,282 0,27324 0,29799 0,276 0,316
53 INTL.33-12-UKR-BKWH.A Ukraine -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 7,725 10,929 11,997 9,853 8,546 9,757 15,756 14,177 11,161 11,912 9,531 9,146 11,635 12,239 12,757 10,042 11,397 11,817 13,02 10,837 10,374 13,663 8,393 5,343 7,594 8,856 10,32372 6,5083 7,5638 10,3326

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# Unofficial ENTSO-E dataset processed by GridKit
This dataset was generated based on a map extract from March 2022.
This is an _unofficial_ extract of the
[ENTSO-E interactive map](https://www.entsoe.eu/data/map/)
of the European power system (including to a limited extent North
Africa and the Middle East). The dataset has been processed by GridKit
to form complete topological connections. This dataset is neither
approved nor endorsed by ENTSO-E.
This dataset may be inaccurate in several ways, notably:
+ Geographical coordinates are transfered from the ENTSO-E map, which
is known to choose topological clarity over geographical
accuracy. Hence coordinates will not correspond exactly to reality.
+ Voltage levels are typically provided as ranges by ENTSO-E, of which
the lower bound has been reported in this dataset.
+ Line structure conflicts are resolved by picking the first structure
in the set
+ Transformers are _not present_ in the original ENTSO-E dataset,
their presence has been derived from the different voltages from
connected lines.
+ The connection between generators and busses is derived as the
geographically nearest station at the lowest voltage level. This
information is again not present in the ENTSO-E dataset.
All users are advised to exercise caution in the use of this
dataset. No liability is taken for inaccuracies.
## Contents of dataset
This dataset is provided as set of CSV files that describe the ENTSO-E
network. These files use the comma (`,`) as field separator, single
newlines (`\n`) as record separator, and single quotes (`'`) as string
quote characters. The CSV files have headers.
Example code for reading the files:
# R
buses <- read.csv("buses.csv", header=TRUE, quote="'")
# python
import io, csv
class dialect(csv.excel):
quotechar = "'"
with io.open('buses.csv', 'rb') as handle:
buses = list(csv.DictReader(handle, dialect))
### buses.csv:
Describes terminals, vertices, or 'nodes' of the system
+ `bus_id`: the unique identifier for the bus
+ `station_id`: unique identifier of its substation; a station may have multiple buses, which are typically connected by transformers
+ `voltage`: the operating voltage of this bus
+ `dc`: boolean ('t' or 'f'), describes whether the bus is a HVDC
terminal (t) or a regular AC terminal (f)
+ `symbol`: type of station of this bus.
+ `under_construction`: boolean ('t' if station is currently under construction,
'f' otherwise)
+ `tags`: _hstore_ encoded dictionary of 'extra' properties for this bus
+ `x`: longitude of its location
+ `y`: latitude of its location
**NOTA BENE**: During the processing of the network, so called
'synthetic' stations may be inserted on locations where lines are
apparantly connected. Such synthetic stations can be recognised
because their symbol is always `joint`.
### lines.csv:
Buses are connected by AC-lines:
+ `line_id`: unique identifier for the line
+ `bus0`: first of the two connected buses
+ `bus1`: second of two connected buses
+ `voltage`: operating voltage of the line (identical to operating voltage of
the bus)
+ `circuits`: number of (independent) circuits in this link, each of which
typically has 3 cables.
+ `length`: length of line in km
+ `underground`: boolean, `t` if this is an underground cable, `f` for
an overhead line
+ `under_construction`: boolean, `t` for lines that are currently
under construction
+ `tags`: _hstore_ encoded dictionary of extra properties for this link
+ `geometry`: extent of this line in well-known-text format (WGS84)
### links.csv:
Connections between buses:
+ `link_id`: unique identifier for the link
+ `bus0`: first of the two connected buses
+ `bus1`: second of two connected buses
+ `length`: length of line in km
+ `under_construction`: boolean, `t` for lines that are currently
under construction
+ `tags`: _hstore_ encoded dictionary of extra properties for this link
+ `geometry`: extent of this line in well-known-text format (WGS84)
### generators.csv
Generators attached to the network.
+ `generator_id`: unique identifier for the generator
+ `bus_id`: the bus to which this generator is connected
+ `technology`: type of generator
+ `capacity`: capacity of this generator in MW
+ `tags`: _hstore_ encoded dictionary of extra attributes
+ `geometry`: location of generator in well-known text format (WGS84)
### transformers.csv
A transformer connects buses which operate at distinct voltages. **NOTA BENE**:
Transformers are _not_ represented in the original dataset, but instead have
been added at substations to connect AC transmission lines of distinct voltage
levels.
+ `transformer_id`: unique identifier
+ `bus0`: Bus at lower voltage level
`bus1`: Bus at higher voltage level
### converters.csv
Back-to-back converters connecting non-synchronized buses.
+ `converter_id`: unique identifier
+ `bus0`: First bus
`bus1`: Second bus

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converter_id,bus0,bus1
2349,1900,1902
2288,1869,1871
6342,5544,5545
2349,1900,1901
7484,6523,6524
2349,1901,1902
1 converter_id bus0 bus1
2 2349 1900 1902
3 2288 1869 1871
4 6342 5544 5545
5 2349 1900 1901
6 7484 6523 6524
7 2349 1901 1902

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link_id,bus0,bus1,length,underground,under_construction,tags,geometry
5577,5,94,362337.247822072,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"32523", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>" ", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"SA", "t9_code"=>"0", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"0", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"None", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"None", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(39.6360309199414 24.7771549364779,40.253906 27.059126,40.4982466187365 27.9539936298126)'
5946,1231,1233,11419.5508883069,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"36200", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>"None", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"TR", "t9_code"=>"None", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"0", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"1.487925895e+12", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"1.48895783e+12", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(26.680298 40.313043,26.5557438215552 40.3516481544774)'
14811,1278,1294,272366.529693327,f,f,,'LINESTRING(21.0892517161789 39.3174860744064,20.867157 39.426647,20.537567 39.544294,20.037689 39.647997,19.980011 39.678655,19.974518 39.748378,19.947052 39.807481,19.871521 39.834905,19.730072 39.852829,19.27002 39.898148,19.234314 39.900255,18.625946 39.932907,18.1732034663802 39.9781277204571)'
13588,1349,7428,92513.5411955304,f,f,,'LINESTRING(8.21673410679486 40.9126998173886,8.31665 40.979898,8.55560299999999 41.139365,9.04861499999999 41.276774,9.17007598089397 41.296762471629)'
5587,1377,2382,76847.0139826037,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"32533", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>"200", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"IT", "t9_code"=>"0", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"0", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"None", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"None", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(8.67675371049727 40.6777653795244,9.03900099999999 40.979898,9.22164899999999 41.133159,9.19977299501706 41.2082924934473)'
5640,1422,1638,234733.218840324,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"32590", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>"Rómulo", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"ES", "t9_code"=>"0", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"0", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"None", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"None", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(2.48932993486183 39.561252379133,1.13159199999999 39.610978,0 39.710356,-0.234388957535875 39.7314420592468)'
13589,2262,7428,316517.539537871,f,f,,'LINESTRING(9.17009350125146 41.2967653544603,9.38095099999999 41.331451,9.858856 41.352072,10.70755 41.479776,11.25 41.448903,12.100067 41.432431,12.380219 41.426253,12.418671 41.401536,12.704315 41.347948,12.805939 41.368564,12.9016442293009 41.3921592955445)'
14802,2258,7029,391819.608605717,f,t,,'LINESTRING(14.0986517070226 42.4133438660838,14.412689 42.431566,15.115814 42.363618,16.269379 42.067646,16.875 42.126747,16.962891 42.135913,18.531189 42.271212,18.7271798293119 42.3522936900005)'
14668,2333,3671,146536.932669904,f,t,,'LINESTRING(6.04271995139229 45.4637174756646,6.16607700000001 45.327048,6.351471 45.183973,6.54922499999999 45.148148,6.62338299999999 45.101638,6.642609 45.089036,6.70440700000001 45.05121,6.980438 45.089036,7.00653099999999 45.092914,7.21939099999999 45.094853,7.223511 45.089036,7.378693 44.871443,7.32136143270145 44.8385424366672)'
14808,2379,2383,103628.671904731,f,f,,'LINESTRING(9.37725891362686 42.7057449479108,9.79980499999999 42.799431,10.5931379465185 42.9693952059839)'
5575,2379,2380,24868.4258834249,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"32521", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>" ", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"FR", "t9_code"=>"0", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"0", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"None", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"None", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(9.37679000208623 42.7053229039427,9.357605 42.552069,9.45054814341409 42.5389781005166)'
5586,2380,2381,130349.805131517,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"32532", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>"200", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"FR", "t9_code"=>"0", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"0", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"None", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"None", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(9.45062783092712 42.538721099255,9.35348499999999 42.486277,9.385071 42.11758,9.13387617519614 41.4276065839255)'
5582,2381,7428,14773.4696528853,f,f,'"MW"=>"None", "TSO"=>"None", "oid"=>"32528", "ext1"=>"None", "EIC_2"=>"None", "EIC_3"=>"None", "EIC_4"=>"None", "text_"=>" ", "symbol"=>"DC-Line", "country"=>"FR", "t9_code"=>"FR-IT-01", "visible"=>"1", "EIC_code"=>"None", "tie_line"=>"1", "oneCircuit"=>"0", "CreatedDate"=>"None", "DeletedDate"=>"None", "ModifiedDate"=>"1.555318236e+12", "Internalcomments"=>"None", "visible_on_printed"=>"1"','LINESTRING(9.1338505292182 41.4269535813022,9.168091 41.303603,9.17008474107272 41.2967639130447)'
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Country/area,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018
Albania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Austria,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Belgium,,,,,,,,,,31.5,196.5,196.5,381,707.7,707.7,712,712.2,877.2,1185.9
Bosnia Herzg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Bulgaria,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Croatia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Czechia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Denmark,50,50,214,423.4,423.4,423.4,423.4,423.4,423.4,660.9,867.9,871.5,921.9,1271.1,1271.1,1271.1,1271.1,1263.8,1700.8
Estonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Finland,,,,,,,,,24,24,26.3,26.3,26.3,26.3,26.3,32,32,72.7,72.7
France,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2,2
Germany,,,,,,,,,,35,80,188,268,508,994,3283,4132,5406,6396
Greece,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hungary,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ireland,,,,,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2
Italy,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Latvia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Lithuania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Luxembourg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Montenegro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Netherlands,,,,,,,108,108,228,228,228,228,228,228,228,357,957,957,957
North Macedonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Norway,,,,,,,,,,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3
Poland,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Portugal,,,,,,,,,,,,1.9,2,2,2,2,,,
Romania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Serbia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Slovakia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Slovenia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Spain,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5,5,5,5,5,5
Sweden,13,22,22,22,22,22,22,131,133,163,163,163,163,212,213,213,203,203,203
Switzerland,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
UK,3.8,3.8,3.8,63.8,123.8,213.8,303.8,393.8,596.2,951.2,1341.5,1838.3,2995.5,3696,4501.3,5093.4,5293.4,6987.9,8216.5
Country/area,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022
Albania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Austria,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Belgium,,,,,,,,,,31.5,196.5,196.5,381.0,707.7,707.7,712.0,712.2,877.2,1185.9,1555.5,2261.8,2261.8,2261.8
Bosnia Herzg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Bulgaria,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Croatia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Czechia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Denmark,49.95,49.95,213.95,423.35,423.35,423.35,423.35,423.35,423.35,660.85,867.85,871.45,921.85,1271.05,1271.05,1271.05,1271.05,1263.8,1700.8,1700.8,1700.8,2305.6,2305.6
Estonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Finland,,,,,,,,,24.0,24.0,26.3,26.3,26.3,26.3,26.3,32.0,32.0,72.7,72.7,73.0,73.0,73.0,73.0
France,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.0,2.0,2.0,2.0,2.0,482.0
Germany,,,,,,,,,,35.0,80.0,188.0,268.0,508.0,994.0,3283.0,4132.0,5406.0,6393.0,7555.0,7787.0,7787.0,8129.0
Greece,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Hungary,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ireland,,,,,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2,25.2
Italy,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,30.0
Latvia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Lithuania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Luxembourg,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Montenegro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Netherlands,,,,,,,108.0,108.0,228.0,228.0,228.0,228.0,228.0,228.0,228.0,357.0,957.0,957.0,957.0,957.0,2459.5,2459.5,2571.0
North Macedonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Norway,,,,,,,,,,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,2.3,6.3,66.3
Poland,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Portugal,,,,,,,,,,,,1.86,2.0,2.0,2.0,2.0,,,,,25.0,25.0,25.0
Romania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Serbia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Slovakia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Slovenia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Spain,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0
Sweden,13.0,22.0,22.0,22.0,22.0,22.0,22.0,131.0,133.0,163.0,163.0,163.0,163.0,212.0,213.0,213.0,203.0,203.0,203.0,203.0,203.0,193.0,193.0
Switzerland,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
UK,4.0,4.0,4.0,64.0,124.0,214.0,304.0,394.0,596.2,951.0,1341.0,1838.0,2995.0,3696.0,4501.0,5093.0,5293.0,6988.0,8181.0,9888.0,10383.0,11255.0,13928.0

1 Country/area 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2 Albania
3 Austria
4 Belgium 31.5 196.5 196.5 381 381.0 707.7 707.7 712 712.0 712.2 877.2 1185.9 1555.5 2261.8 2261.8 2261.8
5 Bosnia Herzg
6 Bulgaria
7 Croatia
8 Czechia
9 Denmark 50 49.95 50 49.95 214 213.95 423.4 423.35 423.4 423.35 423.4 423.35 423.4 423.35 423.4 423.35 423.4 423.35 660.9 660.85 867.9 867.85 871.5 871.45 921.9 921.85 1271.1 1271.05 1271.1 1271.05 1271.1 1271.05 1271.1 1271.05 1263.8 1700.8 1700.8 1700.8 2305.6 2305.6
10 Estonia
11 Finland 24 24.0 24 24.0 26.3 26.3 26.3 26.3 26.3 32 32.0 32 32.0 72.7 72.7 73.0 73.0 73.0 73.0
12 France 2 2.0 2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 482.0
13 Germany 35 35.0 80 80.0 188 188.0 268 268.0 508 508.0 994 994.0 3283 3283.0 4132 4132.0 5406 5406.0 6396 6393.0 7555.0 7787.0 7787.0 8129.0
14 Greece
15 Hungary
16 Ireland 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2 25.2
17 Italy 30.0
18 Latvia
19 Lithuania
20 Luxembourg
21 Montenegro
22 Netherlands 108 108.0 108 108.0 228 228.0 228 228.0 228 228.0 228 228.0 228 228.0 228 228.0 228 228.0 357 357.0 957 957.0 957 957.0 957 957.0 957.0 2459.5 2459.5 2571.0
23 North Macedonia
24 Norway 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 6.3 66.3
25 Poland
26 Portugal 1.9 1.86 2 2.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
27 Romania
28 Serbia
29 Slovakia
30 Slovenia
31 Spain 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
32 Sweden 13 13.0 22 22.0 22 22.0 22 22.0 22 22.0 22 22.0 22 22.0 131 131.0 133 133.0 163 163.0 163 163.0 163 163.0 163 163.0 212 212.0 213 213.0 213 213.0 203 203.0 203 203.0 203 203.0 203.0 203.0 193.0 193.0
33 Switzerland
34 UK 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 63.8 64.0 123.8 124.0 213.8 214.0 303.8 304.0 393.8 394.0 596.2 951.2 951.0 1341.5 1341.0 1838.3 1838.0 2995.5 2995.0 3696 3696.0 4501.3 4501.0 5093.4 5093.0 5293.4 5293.0 6987.9 6988.0 8216.5 8181.0 9888.0 10383.0 11255.0 13928.0

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@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
Country/area,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018
Albania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Austria,50,67,109,322,581,825.2,968.3,991.2,992,1001,1015.8,1106,1337.2,1674.5,2110.3,2488.7,2730,2886.7,3132.7
Belgium,14,26,31,67,96,167,212,276,324,576.5,715.5,872.5,989,1072.3,1236.3,1464,1657.8,1919.3,2074.8
Bosnia Herzg,,,,,,,,,,,,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,50.9
Bulgaria,,,,,1,8,27,30,114,333,488,541,677,683,699,699,699,698.4,698.9
Croatia,,,,,6,6,17,17,17,70,79,130,180,254,339,418,483,576.1,586.3
Czechia,2,,6.4,10.6,16.5,22,43.5,113.8,150,193,213,213,258,262,278,281,282,308.2,316.2
Denmark,2340.1,2447.2,2680.6,2696.6,2700.4,2704.5,2712.3,2700.9,2739.5,2821.2,2934,3080.5,3240.1,3547.9,3615.4,3805.9,3974.5,4225.8,4419.8
Estonia,,,1,3,7,31,31,50,77,104,108,180,266,248,275,300,310,311.8,310
Finland,38,39,43,52,82,82,86,110,119,123,170.7,172.7,230.7,420.7,600.7,973,1533,1971.3,1968.3
France,38,66,138,218,358,690,1412,2223,3403,4582,5912,6758,7607.5,8156,9201.4,10298.2,11566.6,13497.4,14898.1
Germany,6095,8754,12001,14381,16419,18248,20474,22116,22794,25697,26823,28524,30711,32969,37620,41297,45303,50174,52447
Greece,226,270,287,371,470,491,749,846,1022,1171,1298,1640,1753,1809,1978,2091,2370,2624,2877.5
Hungary,,1,1,3,3,17,33,61,134,203,293,331,325,329,329,329,329,329,329
Ireland,116.5,122.9,134.8,210.3,311.2,468.1,651.3,715.3,917.1,1226.1,1365.2,1559.4,1679.2,1983,2258.1,2426,2760.8,3292.8,3650.9
Italy,363,664,780,874,1127,1635,1902,2702,3525,4879,5794,6918,8102,8542,8683,9137,9384,9736.6,10230.2
Latvia,2,2,22,26,26,26,26,26,28,29,30,36,59,65.9,68.9,68.2,69.9,77.1,78.2
Lithuania,,,,,1,1,31,47,54,98,133,202,275,279,288,436,509,518,533
Luxembourg,14,13.9,13.9,20.5,34.9,34.9,34.9,34.9,42.9,42.9,43.7,44.5,58.3,58.3,58.3,63.8,119.7,119.7,122.9
Montenegro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,72,118
Netherlands,447,486,672,905,1075,1224,1453,1641,1921,1994,2009,2088,2205,2485,2637,3034,3300,3245,3436
North Macedonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,37,37,37,37,37
Norway,13,13,97,97,152,265,284,348,395,420.7,422.7,509.7,702.7,815.7,856.7,864.7,880.7,1204.7,1708
Poland,4,19,32,35,40,121,172,306,526,709,1108,1800,2564,3429,3836,4886,5747,5759.4,5766.1
Portugal,83,125,190,268,553,1064,1681,2201,2857,3326,3796,4254.4,4409.6,4607.9,4854.6,4934.8,5124.1,5124.1,5172.4
Romania,,,,,,1,1,3,5,15,389,988,1822,2773,3244,3130,3025,3029.8,3032.3
Serbia,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.5,0.5,0.5,10.4,17,25,25
Slovakia,,,,3,3,5,5,5,5,3,3,3,3,5,3,3,3,4,3
Slovenia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4,4,5,5,5,5.2
Spain,2206,3397,4891,5945,8317,9918,11722,14820,16555,19176,20693,21529,22789,22953,22920,22938,22985,23119.5,23400.1
Sweden,196,273,335,395,453,500,563,692,956,1312,1854,2601,3443,3982,4875,5606,6232,6408,7097
Switzerland,3,5,5,5,9,12,12,12,14,18,42,46,49,60,60,60,75,75,75
UK,408.2,489.2,530.2,678.2,809.2,1351.2,1651.2,2083.2,2849.8,3470.8,4079.8,4758,6035,7586.3,8572.7,9212.2,10832.3,12596.9,13553.9
Country/area,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022
Albania,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Austria,50.0,67.0,109.0,322.0,581.0,825.22,968.27,991.16,991.97,1000.99,1015.83,1105.97,1337.15,1674.54,2110.28,2488.73,2730.0,2886.7,3132.71,3224.12,3225.98,3407.81,3735.81
Belgium,14.0,26.0,31.0,67.0,96.0,167.0,212.0,276.0,324.0,576.5,715.5,872.5,985.9,1061.3,1225.0,1469.3,1621.6,1902.2,2119.0,2308.0,2410.9,2686.6,2989.6
Bosnia Herzg,,,,,,,,,,,,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,51.0,87.0,87.0,135.0,135.0
Bulgaria,,,,,1.0,8.0,27.0,30.0,114.0,333.0,488.0,541.0,677.0,683.0,699.0,699.0,699.0,698.39,698.92,703.12,702.8,704.38,704.38
Croatia,,,,,6.0,6.0,17.0,17.0,17.0,70.0,79.0,130.0,180.0,254.0,339.0,418.0,483.0,576.1,586.3,646.3,801.3,986.9,1042.9
Czechia,2.0,,6.4,10.6,16.5,22.0,43.5,113.8,150.0,193.0,213.0,213.0,258.0,262.0,278.0,281.0,282.0,308.21,316.2,339.41,339.42,339.41,339.41
Denmark,2340.07,2447.2,2680.58,2696.57,2700.36,2704.49,2712.35,2700.86,2739.52,2821.24,2933.98,3080.53,3240.09,3547.87,3615.35,3805.92,3974.09,4225.15,4421.86,4409.74,4566.23,4715.24,4782.24
Estonia,,,1.0,3.0,7.0,31.0,31.0,50.0,77.0,104.0,108.0,180.0,266.0,248.0,275.0,300.0,310.0,311.8,310.0,316.0,317.0,315.0,315.0
Finland,38.0,39.0,43.0,52.0,82.0,82.0,86.0,110.0,119.0,123.0,170.7,172.7,230.7,420.7,600.7,973.0,1533.0,1971.3,1968.3,2211.0,2513.0,3184.0,5541.0
France,38.0,66.0,138.0,218.0,358.0,690.0,1412.0,2223.0,3403.0,4582.0,5912.0,6758.02,7607.5,8155.96,9201.42,10298.18,11566.56,13497.35,14898.14,16424.85,17512.0,18737.98,20637.98
Germany,6095.0,8754.0,12001.0,14381.0,16419.0,18248.0,20474.0,22116.0,22794.0,25697.0,26823.0,28524.0,30711.0,32969.0,37620.0,41297.0,45303.0,50174.0,52328.0,53187.0,54414.0,56046.0,58165.0
Greece,226.0,270.0,287.0,371.0,470.0,491.0,749.0,846.0,1022.0,1171.0,1298.0,1640.0,1753.0,1809.0,1978.0,2091.0,2370.0,2624.0,2877.5,3589.0,4119.25,4649.13,4879.13
Hungary,,1.0,1.0,3.0,3.0,17.0,33.0,61.0,134.0,203.0,293.0,331.0,325.0,329.0,329.0,329.0,329.0,329.0,329.0,323.0,323.0,324.0,324.0
Ireland,116.5,122.9,134.8,210.3,311.2,468.1,651.3,715.3,917.1,1226.1,1365.2,1559.4,1679.15,1898.1,2258.05,2425.95,2776.45,3293.95,3648.65,4101.25,4281.5,4313.84,4593.84
Italy,363.0,664.0,780.0,874.0,1127.0,1635.0,1902.0,2702.0,3525.0,4879.0,5794.0,6918.0,8102.0,8542.0,8683.0,9137.0,9384.0,9736.58,10230.25,10679.46,10870.62,11253.73,11749.73
Latvia,2.0,2.0,22.0,26.0,26.0,26.0,26.0,26.0,28.0,29.0,30.0,36.0,59.0,65.89,68.92,68.17,69.91,77.11,78.17,78.07,78.07,77.13,136.13
Lithuania,,,,,1.0,1.0,31.0,47.0,54.0,98.0,133.0,202.0,275.0,279.0,288.0,436.0,509.0,518.0,533.0,534.0,540.0,671.0,814.0
Luxembourg,14.0,13.9,13.9,20.5,34.9,34.9,34.9,34.9,42.92,42.93,43.73,44.53,58.33,58.33,58.34,63.79,119.69,119.69,122.89,135.79,152.74,136.44,165.44
Montenegro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,72.0,72.0,118.0,118.0,118.0,118.0
Netherlands,447.0,486.0,672.0,905.0,1075.0,1224.0,1453.0,1641.0,1921.0,1994.0,2009.0,2088.0,2205.0,2485.0,2637.0,3033.84,3300.12,3245.0,3436.11,3527.16,4188.38,5309.87,6176.0
North Macedonia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,37.0,37.0,37.0,37.0,37.0,37.0,37.0,37.0,37.0
Norway,13.0,13.0,97.0,97.0,152.0,265.0,284.0,348.0,395.0,420.7,422.7,509.7,702.7,815.7,856.7,864.7,880.7,1204.7,1707.7,2911.7,4027.7,5042.7,5067.7
Poland,4.0,19.0,32.0,35.0,40.0,121.0,172.0,306.0,526.0,709.0,1108.0,1800.0,2564.0,3429.0,3836.0,4886.0,5747.0,5759.36,5766.08,5837.76,6298.25,6967.34,7987.34
Portugal,83.0,125.0,190.0,268.0,553.0,1064.0,1681.0,2201.0,2857.0,3326.0,3796.0,4254.35,4409.55,4607.95,4854.56,4934.84,5124.1,5124.1,5172.36,5222.75,5097.26,5402.33,5430.33
Romania,,,,,,1.0,1.0,3.0,5.0,15.0,389.0,988.0,1822.0,2773.0,3244.0,3130.0,3025.0,3029.8,3032.26,3037.52,3012.53,3014.96,3014.96
Serbia,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.5,0.5,0.5,10.4,17.0,25.0,227.0,398.0,398.0,398.0,398.0
Slovakia,,,,3.0,3.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,5.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,3.0,4.0,4.0,4.0,4.0
Slovenia,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.0,2.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.3,3.33,3.33
Spain,2206.0,3397.0,4891.0,5945.0,8317.0,9918.0,11722.0,14820.0,16555.0,19176.0,20693.0,21529.0,22789.0,22953.0,22920.0,22938.0,22985.0,23119.48,23400.06,25585.08,26814.19,27902.65,29302.84
Sweden,196.0,273.0,335.0,395.0,453.0,500.0,563.0,692.0,956.0,1312.0,1854.0,2601.0,3443.0,3982.0,4875.0,5606.0,6232.0,6408.0,7097.0,8478.0,9773.0,11923.0,14364.0
Switzerland,3.0,5.0,5.0,5.0,9.0,12.0,12.0,12.0,14.0,18.0,42.0,46.0,49.0,60.0,60.0,60.0,75.0,75.0,75.0,75.0,87.0,87.0,87.0
UK,431.0,490.0,531.0,678.0,809.0,1351.0,1651.0,2083.0,2849.8,3468.0,4080.0,4758.0,6035.0,7586.0,8573.0,9212.0,10833.0,12597.0,13425.0,13999.0,14075.0,14492.0,14832.0

1 Country/area 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2 Albania
3 Austria 50 50.0 67 67.0 109 109.0 322 322.0 581 581.0 825.2 825.22 968.3 968.27 991.2 991.16 992 991.97 1001 1000.99 1015.8 1015.83 1106 1105.97 1337.2 1337.15 1674.5 1674.54 2110.3 2110.28 2488.7 2488.73 2730 2730.0 2886.7 3132.7 3132.71 3224.12 3225.98 3407.81 3735.81
4 Belgium 14 14.0 26 26.0 31 31.0 67 67.0 96 96.0 167 167.0 212 212.0 276 276.0 324 324.0 576.5 715.5 872.5 989 985.9 1072.3 1061.3 1236.3 1225.0 1464 1469.3 1657.8 1621.6 1919.3 1902.2 2074.8 2119.0 2308.0 2410.9 2686.6 2989.6
5 Bosnia Herzg 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 50.9 51.0 87.0 87.0 135.0 135.0
6 Bulgaria 1 1.0 8 8.0 27 27.0 30 30.0 114 114.0 333 333.0 488 488.0 541 541.0 677 677.0 683 683.0 699 699.0 699 699.0 699 699.0 698.4 698.39 698.9 698.92 703.12 702.8 704.38 704.38
7 Croatia 6 6.0 6 6.0 17 17.0 17 17.0 17 17.0 70 70.0 79 79.0 130 130.0 180 180.0 254 254.0 339 339.0 418 418.0 483 483.0 576.1 586.3 646.3 801.3 986.9 1042.9
8 Czechia 2 2.0 6.4 10.6 16.5 22 22.0 43.5 113.8 150 150.0 193 193.0 213 213.0 213 213.0 258 258.0 262 262.0 278 278.0 281 281.0 282 282.0 308.2 308.21 316.2 339.41 339.42 339.41 339.41
9 Denmark 2340.1 2340.07 2447.2 2680.6 2680.58 2696.6 2696.57 2700.4 2700.36 2704.5 2704.49 2712.3 2712.35 2700.9 2700.86 2739.5 2739.52 2821.2 2821.24 2934 2933.98 3080.5 3080.53 3240.1 3240.09 3547.9 3547.87 3615.4 3615.35 3805.9 3805.92 3974.5 3974.09 4225.8 4225.15 4419.8 4421.86 4409.74 4566.23 4715.24 4782.24
10 Estonia 1 1.0 3 3.0 7 7.0 31 31.0 31 31.0 50 50.0 77 77.0 104 104.0 108 108.0 180 180.0 266 266.0 248 248.0 275 275.0 300 300.0 310 310.0 311.8 310 310.0 316.0 317.0 315.0 315.0
11 Finland 38 38.0 39 39.0 43 43.0 52 52.0 82 82.0 82 82.0 86 86.0 110 110.0 119 119.0 123 123.0 170.7 172.7 230.7 420.7 600.7 973 973.0 1533 1533.0 1971.3 1968.3 2211.0 2513.0 3184.0 5541.0
12 France 38 38.0 66 66.0 138 138.0 218 218.0 358 358.0 690 690.0 1412 1412.0 2223 2223.0 3403 3403.0 4582 4582.0 5912 5912.0 6758 6758.02 7607.5 8156 8155.96 9201.4 9201.42 10298.2 10298.18 11566.6 11566.56 13497.4 13497.35 14898.1 14898.14 16424.85 17512.0 18737.98 20637.98
13 Germany 6095 6095.0 8754 8754.0 12001 12001.0 14381 14381.0 16419 16419.0 18248 18248.0 20474 20474.0 22116 22116.0 22794 22794.0 25697 25697.0 26823 26823.0 28524 28524.0 30711 30711.0 32969 32969.0 37620 37620.0 41297 41297.0 45303 45303.0 50174 50174.0 52447 52328.0 53187.0 54414.0 56046.0 58165.0
14 Greece 226 226.0 270 270.0 287 287.0 371 371.0 470 470.0 491 491.0 749 749.0 846 846.0 1022 1022.0 1171 1171.0 1298 1298.0 1640 1640.0 1753 1753.0 1809 1809.0 1978 1978.0 2091 2091.0 2370 2370.0 2624 2624.0 2877.5 3589.0 4119.25 4649.13 4879.13
15 Hungary 1 1.0 1 1.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 17 17.0 33 33.0 61 61.0 134 134.0 203 203.0 293 293.0 331 331.0 325 325.0 329 329.0 329 329.0 329 329.0 329 329.0 329 329.0 329 329.0 323.0 323.0 324.0 324.0
16 Ireland 116.5 122.9 134.8 210.3 311.2 468.1 651.3 715.3 917.1 1226.1 1365.2 1559.4 1679.2 1679.15 1983 1898.1 2258.1 2258.05 2426 2425.95 2760.8 2776.45 3292.8 3293.95 3650.9 3648.65 4101.25 4281.5 4313.84 4593.84
17 Italy 363 363.0 664 664.0 780 780.0 874 874.0 1127 1127.0 1635 1635.0 1902 1902.0 2702 2702.0 3525 3525.0 4879 4879.0 5794 5794.0 6918 6918.0 8102 8102.0 8542 8542.0 8683 8683.0 9137 9137.0 9384 9384.0 9736.6 9736.58 10230.2 10230.25 10679.46 10870.62 11253.73 11749.73
18 Latvia 2 2.0 2 2.0 22 22.0 26 26.0 26 26.0 26 26.0 26 26.0 26 26.0 28 28.0 29 29.0 30 30.0 36 36.0 59 59.0 65.9 65.89 68.9 68.92 68.2 68.17 69.9 69.91 77.1 77.11 78.2 78.17 78.07 78.07 77.13 136.13
19 Lithuania 1 1.0 1 1.0 31 31.0 47 47.0 54 54.0 98 98.0 133 133.0 202 202.0 275 275.0 279 279.0 288 288.0 436 436.0 509 509.0 518 518.0 533 533.0 534.0 540.0 671.0 814.0
20 Luxembourg 14 14.0 13.9 13.9 20.5 34.9 34.9 34.9 34.9 42.9 42.92 42.9 42.93 43.7 43.73 44.5 44.53 58.3 58.33 58.3 58.33 58.3 58.34 63.8 63.79 119.7 119.69 119.7 119.69 122.9 122.89 135.79 152.74 136.44 165.44
21 Montenegro 72 72.0 118 72.0 118.0 118.0 118.0 118.0
22 Netherlands 447 447.0 486 486.0 672 672.0 905 905.0 1075 1075.0 1224 1224.0 1453 1453.0 1641 1641.0 1921 1921.0 1994 1994.0 2009 2009.0 2088 2088.0 2205 2205.0 2485 2485.0 2637 2637.0 3034 3033.84 3300 3300.12 3245 3245.0 3436 3436.11 3527.16 4188.38 5309.87 6176.0
23 North Macedonia 37 37.0 37 37.0 37 37.0 37 37.0 37 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0
24 Norway 13 13.0 13 13.0 97 97.0 97 97.0 152 152.0 265 265.0 284 284.0 348 348.0 395 395.0 420.7 422.7 509.7 702.7 815.7 856.7 864.7 880.7 1204.7 1708 1707.7 2911.7 4027.7 5042.7 5067.7
25 Poland 4 4.0 19 19.0 32 32.0 35 35.0 40 40.0 121 121.0 172 172.0 306 306.0 526 526.0 709 709.0 1108 1108.0 1800 1800.0 2564 2564.0 3429 3429.0 3836 3836.0 4886 4886.0 5747 5747.0 5759.4 5759.36 5766.1 5766.08 5837.76 6298.25 6967.34 7987.34
26 Portugal 83 83.0 125 125.0 190 190.0 268 268.0 553 553.0 1064 1064.0 1681 1681.0 2201 2201.0 2857 2857.0 3326 3326.0 3796 3796.0 4254.4 4254.35 4409.6 4409.55 4607.9 4607.95 4854.6 4854.56 4934.8 4934.84 5124.1 5124.1 5172.4 5172.36 5222.75 5097.26 5402.33 5430.33
27 Romania 1 1.0 1 1.0 3 3.0 5 5.0 15 15.0 389 389.0 988 988.0 1822 1822.0 2773 2773.0 3244 3244.0 3130 3130.0 3025 3025.0 3029.8 3032.3 3032.26 3037.52 3012.53 3014.96 3014.96
28 Serbia 0.5 0.5 0.5 10.4 17 17.0 25 25.0 25 227.0 398.0 398.0 398.0 398.0
29 Slovakia 3 3.0 3 3.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 5 5.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 4 4.0 3 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
30 Slovenia 2.0 4 2.0 4 3.0 5 3.0 5 3.0 5 3.3 5.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.33 3.33
31 Spain 2206 2206.0 3397 3397.0 4891 4891.0 5945 5945.0 8317 8317.0 9918 9918.0 11722 11722.0 14820 14820.0 16555 16555.0 19176 19176.0 20693 20693.0 21529 21529.0 22789 22789.0 22953 22953.0 22920 22920.0 22938 22938.0 22985 22985.0 23119.5 23119.48 23400.1 23400.06 25585.08 26814.19 27902.65 29302.84
32 Sweden 196 196.0 273 273.0 335 335.0 395 395.0 453 453.0 500 500.0 563 563.0 692 692.0 956 956.0 1312 1312.0 1854 1854.0 2601 2601.0 3443 3443.0 3982 3982.0 4875 4875.0 5606 5606.0 6232 6232.0 6408 6408.0 7097 7097.0 8478.0 9773.0 11923.0 14364.0
33 Switzerland 3 3.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 9 9.0 12 12.0 12 12.0 12 12.0 14 14.0 18 18.0 42 42.0 46 46.0 49 49.0 60 60.0 60 60.0 60 60.0 75 75.0 75 75.0 75 75.0 75.0 87.0 87.0 87.0
34 UK 408.2 431.0 489.2 490.0 530.2 531.0 678.2 678.0 809.2 809.0 1351.2 1351.0 1651.2 1651.0 2083.2 2083.0 2849.8 3470.8 3468.0 4079.8 4080.0 4758 4758.0 6035 6035.0 7586.3 7586.0 8572.7 8573.0 9212.2 9212.0 10832.3 10833.0 12596.9 12597.0 13553.9 13425.0 13999.0 14075.0 14492.0 14832.0

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data/existing_infrastructure/solar_capacity_IRENA.csv
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Country/area,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018
Albania,,0.1,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.1,1,1,1
Austria,5,7,9,23,27,21,22.4,24.2,30.1,48.9,88.8,174.1,337.5,626,785.2,937.1,1096,1269,1437.6
Belgium,,,1,1,1,2,2,20,62,386,1007,1979,2647,2902,3015.2,3131.7,3327,3616.2,3986.5
Bosnia Herzg,,,,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,1.3,7.2,8.2,14.1,16,18.2
Bulgaria,,,,,,,,0,0.1,2,25,154,1013,1020,1026,1029,1028,1035.6,1032.7
Croatia,,,,,,,,,,0.3,0.3,0.3,4,19,33,47.8,55.8,60,67.7
Czechia,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.6,0.8,4,39.5,464.6,1727,1913,2022,2063.5,2067.4,2074.9,2067.9,2069.5,2075.1
Denmark,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,5,7,17,402,571,607,782.1,851,906.4,998
Estonia,,,,,,,,,,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.4,1.5,3.3,6.5,10,15,31.9
Finland,2,3,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,9,11,17,39,82,140
France,7,7,8,9,11,13,15,26,80,277,1044,3003.6,4358.8,5277.3,6034.4,7137.5,7702.1,8610.4,9617
Germany,114,195,260,435,1105,2056,2899,4170,6120,10564,18004,25914,34075,36708,37898,39222,40677,42291,45179
Greece,,1,1,1,1,1,5,9,12,46,202,612,1536,2579,2596,2604,2604,2605.5,2651.6
Hungary,,,,,,,,0.4,1,1,2,4,12,35,89,172,235,344,726
Ireland,,,,,,,,,,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,1.6,2.4,5.9,15.7,24.2
Italy,19,20,22,26,31,34,45,110,483,1264,3592,13131,16785,18185,18594,18901,19283,19682.3,20107.6
Latvia,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.7,0.7,2
Lithuania,,,,,,,,,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.3,7,68,69,69,70,73.8,82
Luxembourg,,0.2,1.6,14.2,23.6,23.6,23.7,23.9,24.6,26.4,29.5,40.7,74.7,95,109.9,116.3,121.9,128.1,130.6
Montenegro,,,,,,,0,0.2,0.4,0.4,0.6,0.8,0.9,1.1,2.1,2.7,3.1,3.4,3.4
Netherlands,13,21,26,46,50,51,53,54,59,69,90,149,369,746,1048,1515,2049,2903,4522
North Macedonia,,,,,,,,,,,0,2,4,7,15,17,16.7,16.7,20.6
Norway,6,6,6,7,7,7,8,8,8.3,8.7,9.1,9.5,10,11,13,15,26.7,44.9,68.4
Poland,,,,,,,,,,,,1.1,1.3,2.4,27.2,107.8,187.2,287.1,562
Portugal,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,24,59,115,134,172,238,296,415,447,512.8,579.2,667.4
Romania,,,,,,,,,0.1,0.1,0.1,1,41,761,1293,1326,1372,1374.1,1385.8
Serbia,,,,,,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.9,1.2,1.3,1.5,3.1,4.7,6,9,11,10,10
Slovakia,,,,,,,,,,,19,496,513,533,533,533,533,528,472
Slovenia,,,0,0,0,0,0.2,0.6,1,4,12,57,142,187,223,238,233,246.8,221.3
Spain,10,13,17,22,33,52,130,494,3384,3423,3873,4283,4569,4690,4697,4704,4713,4723,4763.5
Sweden,3,3,3,4,4,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,24,43,60,104,153,402,492
Switzerland,16,18,20,22,24,28,30,37,49,79,125,223,437,756,1061,1394,1664,1906,2171
UK,2,3,4,6,8,11,14,18,23,27,95,1000,1753,2937,5528,9601.2,11930.5,12781.8,13118.3
Country/area,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022
Albania,,0.1,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.56,0.68,0.76,0.87,1.05,1.0,1.0,1.0,14.0,21.0,23.0,28.6
Austria,5.0,7.0,9.0,23.0,27.0,18.49,19.61,21.42,27.0,45.56,85.27,169.88,333.09,620.78,779.76,931.56,1089.53,1262.01,1447.94,1694.4,2034.74,2773.91,3538.91
Belgium,,,1.0,1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,20.0,62.0,386.0,1006.6,1978.6,2646.6,2901.6,3015.0,3131.6,3328.8,3620.6,4000.0,4636.6,5572.8,6012.4,6898.4
Bosnia Herzg,,,,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3,0.35,1.34,7.17,8.17,14.12,16.0,18.15,22.35,34.89,56.51,107.47
Bulgaria,,,,,,,,0.03,0.1,2.0,25.0,154.0,921.99,1038.54,1028.92,1027.89,1029.89,1030.7,1033.06,1044.39,1100.21,1274.71,1948.36
Croatia,,,,,,,,,,0.3,0.3,0.3,4.0,19.0,33.0,47.8,55.8,60.0,67.7,84.8,108.5,138.3,182.3
Czechia,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.59,0.84,3.96,39.5,464.6,1727.0,1913.0,2022.0,2063.5,2067.4,2074.9,2067.9,2075.44,2081.05,2110.67,2171.96,2246.09,2627.09
Denmark,1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,2.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,17.0,402.0,571.0,607.0,782.11,850.95,906.35,998.0,1080.0,1304.29,1704.04,3122.04
Estonia,,,,,,,,,,0.1,0.1,0.2,0.38,1.5,3.34,6.5,10.0,15.0,31.9,120.6,207.67,394.77,534.77
Finland,2.0,3.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,4.0,5.0,5.0,6.0,6.0,7.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,11.0,17.0,39.0,82.0,140.0,222.0,318.0,425.0,590.6
France,7.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,11.0,13.0,15.0,26.0,80.0,277.0,1044.0,3003.57,4358.75,5277.29,6034.42,7137.52,7702.08,8610.44,9638.88,10738.39,11812.2,14436.97,17036.97
Germany,114.0,195.0,260.0,435.0,1105.0,2056.0,2899.0,4170.0,6120.0,10564.0,18004.0,25914.0,34075.0,36708.0,37898.0,39222.0,40677.0,42291.0,45156.0,48912.0,53669.0,59371.0,66662.0
Greece,,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,5.0,9.0,12.0,46.0,202.0,612.0,1536.0,2579.0,2596.0,2604.0,2604.0,2605.53,2651.57,2833.79,3287.72,4277.42,5557.42
Hungary,,,,,,,,0.4,1.0,1.0,2.0,4.0,12.0,35.0,89.0,172.0,235.0,344.0,728.0,1400.0,2131.0,2968.0,2988.0
Ireland,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Italy,19.0,20.0,22.0,26.0,31.0,34.0,45.0,110.0,483.0,1264.0,3592.0,13131.0,16785.0,18185.0,18594.0,18901.0,19283.0,19682.29,20107.59,20865.28,21650.04,22594.26,25076.56
Latvia,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0.69,0.69,1.96,3.3,5.1,7.16,56.16
Lithuania,,,,,,,,,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.3,7.0,68.0,69.0,69.0,70.0,70.08,72.0,73.0,80.0,84.0,397.0
Luxembourg,,0.16,1.59,14.17,23.56,23.58,23.7,23.93,24.56,26.36,29.45,40.67,74.65,95.02,109.93,116.27,121.9,128.1,130.62,159.74,186.64,277.16,319.16
Montenegro,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2.57,2.57,22.2
Netherlands,13.0,21.0,26.0,46.0,50.0,51.0,53.0,54.0,59.0,69.0,90.0,149.0,287.0,650.0,1007.0,1526.26,2135.02,2910.89,4608.0,7226.0,11108.43,14910.69,18848.69
North Macedonia,,,,,,,,,,,,2.0,4.0,7.0,15.0,17.0,16.7,16.7,16.7,16.71,84.93,84.93,84.93
Norway,6.0,6.0,6.0,7.0,7.0,7.0,8.0,8.0,8.3,8.7,9.1,9.5,10.0,11.0,13.0,15.0,26.7,44.9,53.11,102.53,141.53,186.53,302.53
Poland,,,,,,,,,,,,1.11,1.3,2.39,27.15,107.78,187.25,287.09,561.98,1539.26,3954.96,7415.52,11166.52
Portugal,1.0,1.0,1.0,2.0,2.0,2.0,3.0,24.0,59.0,115.0,134.0,169.6,235.6,293.6,412.6,441.75,493.05,539.42,617.85,832.74,1010.07,1474.78,2364.78
Romania,,,,,,,,,0.1,0.1,0.1,1.0,41.0,761.0,1293.0,1326.0,1372.0,1374.13,1385.82,1397.71,1382.54,1393.92,1413.92
Serbia,,,,,,0.1,0.2,0.4,0.9,1.2,1.3,1.5,3.1,4.7,6.0,9.0,11.0,10.0,11.0,11.0,11.5,11.94,11.94
Slovakia,,,,,,,,,,,19.0,496.0,513.0,533.0,533.0,533.0,533.0,528.0,472.0,590.0,535.0,537.0,537.0
Slovenia,1.0,1.0,,,,0.05,0.19,0.59,1.0,4.0,12.0,57.0,142.0,187.0,223.0,238.0,233.0,246.8,246.8,277.88,369.78,461.16,632.16
Spain,1.0,3.0,6.0,10.0,19.0,37.0,113.0,476.0,3365.0,3403.0,3851.0,4260.0,4545.0,4665.0,4672.0,4677.0,4687.0,4696.0,4730.7,8772.02,10100.42,13678.4,18176.73
Sweden,3.0,3.0,3.0,4.0,4.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,8.0,9.0,11.0,12.0,24.0,43.0,60.0,104.0,153.0,231.0,411.0,698.0,1090.0,1587.0,2587.0
Switzerland,16.0,18.0,20.0,22.0,24.0,28.0,30.0,37.0,49.0,79.0,125.0,223.0,437.0,756.0,1061.0,1394.0,1664.0,1906.0,2173.0,2498.0,2973.0,3655.0,4339.92
UK,2.0,3.0,4.0,6.0,8.0,11.0,14.0,18.0,23.0,27.0,95.0,1000.0,1753.0,2937.0,5528.0,9601.0,11914.0,12760.0,13059.0,13345.0,13579.0,13965.0,14660.0

1 Country/area 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2 Albania 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.56 0.7 0.68 0.8 0.76 0.9 0.87 1.1 1.05 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 14.0 21.0 23.0 28.6
3 Austria 5 5.0 7 7.0 9 9.0 23 23.0 27 27.0 21 18.49 22.4 19.61 24.2 21.42 30.1 27.0 48.9 45.56 88.8 85.27 174.1 169.88 337.5 333.09 626 620.78 785.2 779.76 937.1 931.56 1096 1089.53 1269 1262.01 1437.6 1447.94 1694.4 2034.74 2773.91 3538.91
4 Belgium 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 20 20.0 62 62.0 386 386.0 1007 1006.6 1979 1978.6 2647 2646.6 2902 2901.6 3015.2 3015.0 3131.7 3131.6 3327 3328.8 3616.2 3620.6 3986.5 4000.0 4636.6 5572.8 6012.4 6898.4
5 Bosnia Herzg 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.35 1.3 1.34 7.2 7.17 8.2 8.17 14.1 14.12 16 16.0 18.2 18.15 22.35 34.89 56.51 107.47
6 Bulgaria 0 0.03 0.1 2 2.0 25 25.0 154 154.0 1013 921.99 1020 1038.54 1026 1028.92 1029 1027.89 1028 1029.89 1035.6 1030.7 1032.7 1033.06 1044.39 1100.21 1274.71 1948.36
7 Croatia 0.3 0.3 0.3 4 4.0 19 19.0 33 33.0 47.8 55.8 60 60.0 67.7 84.8 108.5 138.3 182.3
8 Czechia 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.59 0.8 0.84 4 3.96 39.5 464.6 1727 1727.0 1913 1913.0 2022 2022.0 2063.5 2067.4 2074.9 2067.9 2069.5 2075.44 2075.1 2081.05 2110.67 2171.96 2246.09 2627.09
9 Denmark 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 5 5.0 7 7.0 17 17.0 402 402.0 571 571.0 607 607.0 782.1 782.11 851 850.95 906.4 906.35 998 998.0 1080.0 1304.29 1704.04 3122.04
10 Estonia 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.38 1.5 3.3 3.34 6.5 10 10.0 15 15.0 31.9 120.6 207.67 394.77 534.77
11 Finland 2 2.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 4 4.0 4 4.0 5 5.0 5 5.0 6 6.0 6 6.0 7 7.0 7 7.0 8 8.0 9 9.0 11 11.0 17 17.0 39 39.0 82 82.0 140 140.0 222.0 318.0 425.0 590.6
12 France 7 7.0 7 7.0 8 8.0 9 9.0 11 11.0 13 13.0 15 15.0 26 26.0 80 80.0 277 277.0 1044 1044.0 3003.6 3003.57 4358.8 4358.75 5277.3 5277.29 6034.4 6034.42 7137.5 7137.52 7702.1 7702.08 8610.4 8610.44 9617 9638.88 10738.39 11812.2 14436.97 17036.97
13 Germany 114 114.0 195 195.0 260 260.0 435 435.0 1105 1105.0 2056 2056.0 2899 2899.0 4170 4170.0 6120 6120.0 10564 10564.0 18004 18004.0 25914 25914.0 34075 34075.0 36708 36708.0 37898 37898.0 39222 39222.0 40677 40677.0 42291 42291.0 45179 45156.0 48912.0 53669.0 59371.0 66662.0
14 Greece 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 5 5.0 9 9.0 12 12.0 46 46.0 202 202.0 612 612.0 1536 1536.0 2579 2579.0 2596 2596.0 2604 2604.0 2604 2604.0 2605.5 2605.53 2651.6 2651.57 2833.79 3287.72 4277.42 5557.42
15 Hungary 0.4 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 4 4.0 12 12.0 35 35.0 89 89.0 172 172.0 235 235.0 344 344.0 726 728.0 1400.0 2131.0 2968.0 2988.0
16 Ireland 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.6 2.4 5.9 15.7 24.2
17 Italy 19 19.0 20 20.0 22 22.0 26 26.0 31 31.0 34 34.0 45 45.0 110 110.0 483 483.0 1264 1264.0 3592 3592.0 13131 13131.0 16785 16785.0 18185 18185.0 18594 18594.0 18901 18901.0 19283 19283.0 19682.3 19682.29 20107.6 20107.59 20865.28 21650.04 22594.26 25076.56
18 Latvia 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.69 0.7 0.69 2 1.96 3.3 5.1 7.16 56.16
19 Lithuania 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 7 7.0 68 68.0 69 69.0 69 69.0 70 70.0 73.8 70.08 82 72.0 73.0 80.0 84.0 397.0
20 Luxembourg 0.2 0.16 1.6 1.59 14.2 14.17 23.6 23.56 23.6 23.58 23.7 23.9 23.93 24.6 24.56 26.4 26.36 29.5 29.45 40.7 40.67 74.7 74.65 95 95.02 109.9 109.93 116.3 116.27 121.9 128.1 130.6 130.62 159.74 186.64 277.16 319.16
21 Montenegro 0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 2.1 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.4 2.57 2.57 22.2
22 Netherlands 13 13.0 21 21.0 26 26.0 46 46.0 50 50.0 51 51.0 53 53.0 54 54.0 59 59.0 69 69.0 90 90.0 149 149.0 369 287.0 746 650.0 1048 1007.0 1515 1526.26 2049 2135.02 2903 2910.89 4522 4608.0 7226.0 11108.43 14910.69 18848.69
23 North Macedonia 0 2 2.0 4 4.0 7 7.0 15 15.0 17 17.0 16.7 16.7 20.6 16.7 16.71 84.93 84.93 84.93
24 Norway 6 6.0 6 6.0 6 6.0 7 7.0 7 7.0 7 7.0 8 8.0 8 8.0 8.3 8.7 9.1 9.5 10 10.0 11 11.0 13 13.0 15 15.0 26.7 44.9 68.4 53.11 102.53 141.53 186.53 302.53
25 Poland 1.1 1.11 1.3 2.4 2.39 27.2 27.15 107.8 107.78 187.2 187.25 287.1 287.09 562 561.98 1539.26 3954.96 7415.52 11166.52
26 Portugal 1 1.0 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 3 3.0 24 24.0 59 59.0 115 115.0 134 134.0 172 169.6 238 235.6 296 293.6 415 412.6 447 441.75 512.8 493.05 579.2 539.42 667.4 617.85 832.74 1010.07 1474.78 2364.78
27 Romania 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 1.0 41 41.0 761 761.0 1293 1293.0 1326 1326.0 1372 1372.0 1374.1 1374.13 1385.8 1385.82 1397.71 1382.54 1393.92 1413.92
28 Serbia 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 3.1 4.7 6 6.0 9 9.0 11 11.0 10 10.0 10 11.0 11.0 11.5 11.94 11.94
29 Slovakia 19 19.0 496 496.0 513 513.0 533 533.0 533 533.0 533 533.0 533 533.0 528 528.0 472 472.0 590.0 535.0 537.0 537.0
30 Slovenia 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.2 0.19 0.6 0.59 1 1.0 4 4.0 12 12.0 57 57.0 142 142.0 187 187.0 223 223.0 238 238.0 233 233.0 246.8 221.3 246.8 277.88 369.78 461.16 632.16
31 Spain 10 1.0 13 3.0 17 6.0 22 10.0 33 19.0 52 37.0 130 113.0 494 476.0 3384 3365.0 3423 3403.0 3873 3851.0 4283 4260.0 4569 4545.0 4690 4665.0 4697 4672.0 4704 4677.0 4713 4687.0 4723 4696.0 4763.5 4730.7 8772.02 10100.42 13678.4 18176.73
32 Sweden 3 3.0 3 3.0 3 3.0 4 4.0 4 4.0 4 4.0 5 5.0 6 6.0 8 8.0 9 9.0 11 11.0 12 12.0 24 24.0 43 43.0 60 60.0 104 104.0 153 153.0 402 231.0 492 411.0 698.0 1090.0 1587.0 2587.0
33 Switzerland 16 16.0 18 18.0 20 20.0 22 22.0 24 24.0 28 28.0 30 30.0 37 37.0 49 49.0 79 79.0 125 125.0 223 223.0 437 437.0 756 756.0 1061 1061.0 1394 1394.0 1664 1664.0 1906 1906.0 2171 2173.0 2498.0 2973.0 3655.0 4339.92
34 UK 2 2.0 3 3.0 4 4.0 6 6.0 8 8.0 11 11.0 14 14.0 18 18.0 23 23.0 27 27.0 95 95.0 1000 1000.0 1753 1753.0 2937 2937.0 5528 5528.0 9601.2 9601.0 11930.5 11914.0 12781.8 12760.0 13118.3 13059.0 13345.0 13579.0 13965.0 14660.0

8
data/gas_network/planned_LNGs.csv
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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
name,geometry,max_cap_store2pipe_M_m3_per_d,source
Wilhelmshaven,"POINT(8.133 53.516)",27.4,https://www.gem.wiki/Wilhelmshaven_LNG_Terminal
Brunsbüttel,"POINT(8.976 53.914)",19.2,https://www.gem.wiki/Brunsb%C3%BCttel_LNG_Terminal
Stade,"POINT(9.510 53.652)",32.9,https://www.gem.wiki/Stade_LNG_Terminal
Alexandroupolis,"POINT(25.843 40.775)",16.7,https://www.gem.wiki/Alexandroupolis_LNG_Terminal
Shannon,"POINT(-9.442 52.581)",22.5,https://www.gem.wiki/Shannon_LNG_Terminal
Gothenburg,"POINT(11.948 57.702)",1.4,https://www.gem.wiki/Gothenburg_LNG_Terminal
Cork,"POINT(-8.323 51.831)",11.0,https://www.gem.wiki/Cork_LNG_Terminal
1 name geometry max_cap_store2pipe_M_m3_per_d source
2 Wilhelmshaven POINT(8.133 53.516) 27.4 https://www.gem.wiki/Wilhelmshaven_LNG_Terminal
3 Brunsbüttel POINT(8.976 53.914) 19.2 https://www.gem.wiki/Brunsb%C3%BCttel_LNG_Terminal
4 Stade POINT(9.510 53.652) 32.9 https://www.gem.wiki/Stade_LNG_Terminal
5 Alexandroupolis POINT(25.843 40.775) 16.7 https://www.gem.wiki/Alexandroupolis_LNG_Terminal
6 Shannon POINT(-9.442 52.581) 22.5 https://www.gem.wiki/Shannon_LNG_Terminal
7 Gothenburg POINT(11.948 57.702) 1.4 https://www.gem.wiki/Gothenburg_LNG_Terminal
8 Cork POINT(-8.323 51.831) 11.0 https://www.gem.wiki/Cork_LNG_Terminal

32
data/geth2015_hydro_capacities.csv Normal file
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# Table 25 from F. Geth et al., An overview of large-scale stationary electricity storage plants in Europe (2015) 1212–1227
country,n,p_nom_discharge,p_nom_charge,e_stor
AT,19,4.051,3.246,132.41
BE,3,1.301,1.196,5.71
BG,3,1.399,0.93,11.13
HR,3,0.281,0.246,2.34
CY,0,-,-,-
CZ,3,1.119,1.145,5.72
DK,0,-,-,-
EE,0,-,-,-
FI ,0,-,-,-
FR,10,5.512,4.317,83.37
DE,34,6.805,6.417,39.12
GR,2,0.735,-,4.97
HU,0,-,-,-
IE,1,0.292,-,1.8
IT,25,7.833,7.64,68.27
LV,0,-,-,-
LT,1,0.9,0.88,10.8
LU,1,1.296,1.05,4.92
MT,0,-,-,-
NL,0,-,-,-
PL,6,1.757,1.647,7.96
PT,7,1.279,-,40.77
RO,5,0.285,0.2,10.2
SK,4,1.016,0.79,3.63
SI,1,0.185,0.18,0.5
ES,26,6.358,5.859,70
SE,2,0.091,-,72.12
GB,4,2.788,2.65,26.7
NO,8,1.273,0.892,399.39
CH,20,2.291,1.512,311.48
1 # Table 25 from F. Geth et al., An overview of large-scale stationary electricity storage plants in Europe (2015) 1212–1227
2 country,n,p_nom_discharge,p_nom_charge,e_stor
3 AT,19,4.051,3.246,132.41
4 BE,3,1.301,1.196,5.71
5 BG,3,1.399,0.93,11.13
6 HR,3,0.281,0.246,2.34
7 CY,0,-,-,-
8 CZ,3,1.119,1.145,5.72
9 DK,0,-,-,-
10 EE,0,-,-,-
11 FI ,0,-,-,-
12 FR,10,5.512,4.317,83.37
13 DE,34,6.805,6.417,39.12
14 GR,2,0.735,-,4.97
15 HU,0,-,-,-
16 IE,1,0.292,-,1.8
17 IT,25,7.833,7.64,68.27
18 LV,0,-,-,-
19 LT,1,0.9,0.88,10.8
20 LU,1,1.296,1.05,4.92
21 MT,0,-,-,-
22 NL,0,-,-,-
23 PL,6,1.757,1.647,7.96
24 PT,7,1.279,-,40.77
25 RO,5,0.285,0.2,10.2
26 SK,4,1.016,0.79,3.63
27 SI,1,0.185,0.18,0.5
28 ES,26,6.358,5.859,70
29 SE,2,0.091,-,72.12
30 GB,4,2.788,2.65,26.7
31 NO,8,1.273,0.892,399.39
32 CH,20,2.291,1.512,311.48

50
data/links_p_nom.csv Normal file
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Name,Converterstation 1,Converterstation 2,Total Length (Cable/Pole) (km),Volt (kV),Power (MW),Year,Type,Remarks,Ref,x1,y1,x2,y2
Elbe-Project,"Germany- Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E","Germany - Berlin Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E",115(115/0),200,60.0,1945,Merc,Never placed in service Dismantled,,12.363888888888889,51.84444444444444,13.378333333333334,52.430277777777775
Gotland 1,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E,Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E,98(98/0),200,20.0,1954,Merc,"World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970. Decommissioned in 1986",[1][32],16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Cross-Channel,France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E,UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E,64(64/0),100,160.0,1961,Merc,Shut down in 1984,[1],1.6391666666666667,50.696666666666665,0.9472222222222223,50.915
Volgograd-Donbass,Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E,Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E,475(0/475),400,750.0,1965,Merc/Thyr,Shut down in 2014,[1],44.672222222222224,48.82611111111111,38.565555555555555,48.65361111111111
Konti-Skan 1,Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E,Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E,176(87/89),250,250.0,1965,Merc,Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors,[1],10.09,57.062777777777775,12.320277777777777,57.80416666666667
SACOI 1a,Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E),"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E",483(365/118),200,200.0,1965,Merc,"Replaced in 1986 by Thyr- multiterminal scheme",[1],10.695,43.05277777777778,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778
SACOI 1b,"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E", "Codrongianos- Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E",483(365/118),200,200.0,1965,Merc,"Replaced in 1986 by Thyr- multiterminal scheme",[1],9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778,8.679351,40.65765
Kingsnorth,UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E,UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W,85(85/0),266,320.0,1975,Merc,Bipolar scheme Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987,[33],0.5961111111111111,51.41972222222222,-0.1272222222222222,51.37305555555555
Skagerrak 1 + 2,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E,Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E,230(130/100),250,500.0,1977,Thyr,Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007,[34][35][36],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
Gotland 2,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E,Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E,99.5(92.9/6.6),150,130.0,1983,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new),France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E,UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E,72(72/0),270,2000.0,1986,Thyr,2 bipolar systems Supplier: Alstom,[1][37],1.7847222222222223,50.903055555555554,0.9755555555555555,51.10583333333334
Gotland 3,Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E,Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E,98(98/0),150,130.0,1987,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,16.6475,57.72805555555556,18.195555555555554,57.58694444444444
Konti-Skan 2,"Denmark - Vester- Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E",Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E,147(87/60),285,300.0,1988,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,10.09,57.062777777777775,12.11111111111111,57.60666666666667
Fenno-Skan,Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E,Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E,233(200/33),400,500.0,1989,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,21.625555555555554,61.151944444444446,18.136111111111113,60.403888888888886
SACOI 2,Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E),"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E",422(118/304),200,300.0,1992,Thyr,Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom,,10.695,43.05277777777778,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778
SACOI 2,"France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E"," Codrongianos- Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E",422(118/304),200,300.0,1992,Thyr,Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom,,9.449722222222222,42.52777777777778,8.679351,40.65765
Skagerrak 3,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E,Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E,230(130/100),350,440.0,1993,Thyr,Supplier: Nexans ABB,[34],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
Baltic Cable,Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E,Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E,262(250/12),450,600.0,1994,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,10.8025,53.89611111111111,13.145833333333334,55.500277777777775
Kontek,Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E,Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E,170(170/0),400,600.0,1996,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,,12.0075,55.45027777777778,12.216944444444444,54.100833333333334
Hellsjön-Grängesberg,Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E,Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E,10(0/10),180,3.0,1997,IGBT,Experimental HVDC Supplier: ABB,,15.147777777777778,60.047222222222224,14.994166666666667,60.06472222222222
Visby-Nas,Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E,Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E,70(70/0),80,50.0,1999,Thyr,,,18.240833333333335,57.099444444444444,18.355,57.624722222222225
SwePol,Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E,Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E,245(245/0),450,600.0,2000,Thyr,Supplier: ABB,[38],16.891111111111112,54.50222222222222,14.841388888888888,56.153055555555554
Tjæreborg,Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E,Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E,4.3(4.3/0),9,7.0,2000,IGBT,Interconnection to wind power generating stations,,8.592777777777778,55.44777777777778,8.56,55.46861111111111
Italy-Greece,Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E,Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E,310(200/110),400,500.0,2001,Thyr,,,20.963333333333335,39.18333333333333,18.130277777777778,40.164722222222224
Moyle,UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W,UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W,63.5(63.5/0),250,2501.0,2001,Thyr,"Supplier: Siemens- Nexans",[39],-4.980555555555556,55.06944444444444,-5.769722222222223,54.842777777777776
HVDC Troll,Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E,Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E,70(70/0),60,80.0,2004,IGBT,Power supply for offshore gas compressor Supplier: ABB,[40],4.8405555555555555,60.55027777777778,3.6666666666666665,60.666666666666664
Estlink,Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E,Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E,105(105/0),150,350.0,2006,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[40],24.551666666666666,60.20388888888889,24.560277777777777,59.38472222222222
NorNed,Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E,Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E,580(580/0),450,700.0,2008,Thyr,"Supplier: ABB- Nexans",[40],6.865833333333334,53.434444444444445,6.865277777777778,58.28277777777778
BritNed,UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E,Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E,245(245/0),450,1000.0,2010,Thyr,Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens,[40][41] [42][43],0.7166666666666667,51.44,4.021388888888889,51.9575
StoreBælt,Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E,Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E,56(56/0),400,600.0,2010,Thyr,Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens,[40],10.506944444444445,55.36694444444444,11.316944444444445,55.53138888888889
Cometa,Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W,Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E,247(247/0),250,400.0,2011,Thyr,Expected completion 2011 Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables),[40],-0.23527777777777778,39.64111111111111,2.5058333333333334,39.53388888888889
Fenno-Skan 2,Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E,Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E,303(200/103),500,800.0,2011,Thyr,,,21.625555555555554,61.151944444444446,17.061666666666667,60.425
SAPEI,Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E,Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E,435(435/0),500,1000.0,2011,Thyr,The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB,[40][44][45],12.806944444444444,41.429722222222225,8.305833333333334,40.841388888888886
East West Interconnector,Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W,"UK - Shotton- Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W",130(130/0),±200,500.0,2012,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[51],-6.5675,53.471111111111114,-3.0727777777777776,53.227222222222224
Estlink 2,Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E,Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E,171(157/14),450,650.0,2014,Thyr,"Supplier: Siemens- Nexans",,25.366944444444446,60.376666666666665,27.068055555555556,59.37027777777778
BorWin2,Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E,Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E,200(200/0),±300,800.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[58],7.308055555555556,53.125,6.025,54.355
DolWin1,Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E,Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E,165(165/0),±320,800.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier:ABB,[59],7.2572222222222225,52.9825,6.421111111111111,53.995
HelWin1,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E,Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E,130(130/0),±250,576.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[60],9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.738888888888889,54.45194444444444
HelWin2,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E,Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E,130(130/0),±320,690.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,,9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.738888888888889,54.45305555555556
INELFE,France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E,Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E,64(64/0),±320,2000.0,2015,IGBT,"Supplier: Siemens- Cables: Prysmian. €700m- 8km tunnel near HSR",[61] [62][63][64],2.803888888888889,42.73222222222222,2.944166666666667,42.23305555555555
NordBalt,Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E,Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E,450(450/0),300,700.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[69],15.854166666666666,56.76777777777778,21.256666666666668,55.681666666666665
Skagerrak 4,Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E,Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E,244(244/0),500,700.0,2015,IGBT,"Suppliers: Nexans- ABB",[70],9.566944444444445,56.47888888888889,7.898611111111111,58.26
SylWin1,Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E,Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E,205(205/0),±320,864.0,2015,IGBT,Supplier: Siemens,[71],9.231944444444444,53.91694444444445,7.2411111111111115,55.06305555555556
DolWin2,Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E,Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E,135(135/0),±320,900.0,2016,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[78],7.2572222222222225,52.98111111111111,6.923055555555555,53.97805555555556
SydVästlänken,Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E,Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E,260(197/63),±300,,2016,IGBT,Supplier: Alstom,,14.655277777777778,57.74777777777778,13.602222222222222,55.83305555555555
DolWin3,Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E,Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E,160(160/0),±320,900.0,2017,IGBT,Supplier: Alstom,[79],7.2572222222222225,52.9825,6.421111111111111,53.995
HVDC MON.ITA Project,Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E,Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E,415(415/0),±500,1000.0,2017,Thyr,Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables).,[80][81][82],14.125,42.39472222222222,18.794722222222223,42.3175
Western HVDC Link,UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W,UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W,422(422/0),600,2200.0,2017-18,Thyr,"Supplier: Prysmian Group- SiemensFirst subsea 600kV link",[83][84],-4.885277777777778,55.721111111111114,-3.0327777777777776,53.23166666666667
NORD.LINK,Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E,Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E,623(570/53),525,1400.0,2020,IGBT,Supplier: ABB,[105][106][107],6.754444444444444,58.66861111111111,9.344722222222222,53.92166666666667
1 Name Converterstation 1 Converterstation 2 Total Length (Cable/Pole) (km) Volt (kV) Power (MW) Year Type Remarks Ref x1 y1 x2 y2
2 Elbe-Project Germany- Vockerode 51°50′40″N 12°21′50″E / 51.84444°N 12.36389°E Germany - Berlin Marienfelde 52°25′49″N 13°22′42″E / 52.43028°N 13.37833°E 115(115/0) 200 60.0 1945 Merc Never placed in service Dismantled 12.363888888888889 51.84444444444444 13.378333333333334 52.430277777777775
3 Gotland 1 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E 98(98/0) 200 20.0 1954 Merc World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABB in 1970. Decommissioned in 1986 [1][32] 16.6475 57.72805555555556 18.195555555555554 57.58694444444444
4 Cross-Channel France - Echingen 50°41′48″N 1°38′21″E / 50.69667°N 1.63917°E UK - Lydd 50°54′54″N 0°56′50″E / 50.91500°N 0.94722°E 64(64/0) 100 160.0 1961 Merc Shut down in 1984 [1] 1.6391666666666667 50.696666666666665 0.9472222222222223 50.915
5 Volgograd-Donbass Russia - Volzhskaya 48°49′34″N 44°40′20″E / 48.82611°N 44.67222°E Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya 48°39′13″N 38°33′56″E / 48.65361°N 38.56556°E 475(0/475) 400 750.0 1965 Merc/Thyr Shut down in 2014 [1] 44.672222222222224 48.82611111111111 38.565555555555555 48.65361111111111
6 Konti-Skan 1 Denmark - Vester Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E Sweden - Stenkullen 57°48′15″N 12°19′13″E / 57.80417°N 12.32028°E 176(87/89) 250 250.0 1965 Merc Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors [1] 10.09 57.062777777777775 12.320277777777777 57.80416666666667
7 SACOI 1a Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E 483(365/118) 200 200.0 1965 Merc Replaced in 1986 by Thyr- multiterminal scheme [1] 10.695 43.05277777777778 9.449722222222222 42.52777777777778
8 SACOI 1b France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E Codrongianos- Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E 483(365/118) 200 200.0 1965 Merc Replaced in 1986 by Thyr- multiterminal scheme [1] 9.449722222222222 42.52777777777778 8.679351 40.65765
9 Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth 51°25′11″N 0°35′46″E / 51.41972°N 0.59611°E UK - London-Beddington 51°22′23″N 0°7′38″W / 51.37306°N 0.12722°W 85(85/0) 266 320.0 1975 Merc Bipolar scheme Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987 [33] 0.5961111111111111 51.41972222222222 -0.1272222222222222 51.37305555555555
10 Skagerrak 1 + 2 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 230(130/100) 250 500.0 1977 Thyr Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007 [34][35][36] 9.566944444444445 56.47888888888889 7.898611111111111 58.26
11 Gotland 2 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E 99.5(92.9/6.6) 150 130.0 1983 Thyr Supplier: ABB 16.6475 57.72805555555556 18.195555555555554 57.58694444444444
12 Interconnexion France Angleterre (new) France - Les Mandarins 50°54′11″N 1°47′5″E / 50.90306°N 1.78472°E UK - Sellindge 51°6′21″N 0°58′32″E / 51.10583°N 0.97556°E 72(72/0) 270 2000.0 1986 Thyr 2 bipolar systems Supplier: Alstom [1][37] 1.7847222222222223 50.903055555555554 0.9755555555555555 51.10583333333334
13 Gotland 3 Sweden - Västervik 57°43′41″N 16°38′51″E / 57.72806°N 16.64750°E Sweden - Yigne 57°35′13″N 18°11′44″E / 57.58694°N 18.19556°E 98(98/0) 150 130.0 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB 16.6475 57.72805555555556 18.195555555555554 57.58694444444444
14 Konti-Skan 2 Denmark - Vester- Hassing 57°3′46″N 10°5′24″E / 57.06278°N 10.09000°E Sweden - Lindome 57°36′24″N 12°6′40″E / 57.60667°N 12.11111°E 147(87/60) 285 300.0 1988 Thyr Supplier: ABB 10.09 57.062777777777775 12.11111111111111 57.60666666666667
15 Fenno-Skan Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E Sweden - Dannebo 60°24′14″N 18°08′10″E / 60.40389°N 18.13611°E 233(200/33) 400 500.0 1989 Thyr Supplier: ABB 21.625555555555554 61.151944444444446 18.136111111111113 60.403888888888886
16 SACOI 2 Italy - Suvereto 43°3′10″N 10°41′42″E / 43.05278°N 10.69500°E ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio 43°15′43″N 10°55′05″E / 43.26194°N 10.91806°E) France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E 422(118/304) 200 300.0 1992 Thyr Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom 10.695 43.05277777777778 9.449722222222222 42.52777777777778
17 SACOI 2 France- Lucciana 42°31′40″N 9°26′59″E / 42.52778°N 9.44972°E Codrongianos- Italy 40°39′7″N 8°42′48″E / 40.65194°N 8.71333°E 422(118/304) 200 300.0 1992 Thyr Multiterminal scheme Supplier: Alstom 9.449722222222222 42.52777777777778 8.679351 40.65765
18 Skagerrak 3 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 230(130/100) 350 440.0 1993 Thyr Supplier: Nexans ABB [34] 9.566944444444445 56.47888888888889 7.898611111111111 58.26
19 Baltic Cable Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk 53°53′46″N 10°48′9″E / 53.89611°N 10.80250°E Sweden - Kruseberg 55°30′1″N 13°8′45″E / 55.50028°N 13.14583°E 262(250/12) 450 600.0 1994 Thyr Supplier: ABB 10.8025 53.89611111111111 13.145833333333334 55.500277777777775
20 Kontek Denmark - Bjæverskov 55°27′1″N 12°0′27″E / 55.45028°N 12.00750°E Germany - Bentwisch 54°6′3″N 12°13′1″E / 54.10083°N 12.21694°E 170(170/0) 400 600.0 1996 Thyr Supplier: ABB 12.0075 55.45027777777778 12.216944444444444 54.100833333333334
21 Hellsjön-Grängesberg Sweden - Hellsjön 60°02′50″N 15°08′52″E / 60.04722°N 15.14778°E Sweden - Grängesberg 60°03′53″N 14°59′39″E / 60.06472°N 14.99417°E 10(0/10) 180 3.0 1997 IGBT Experimental HVDC Supplier: ABB 15.147777777777778 60.047222222222224 14.994166666666667 60.06472222222222
22 Visby-Nas Sweden - Nas 57°05′58″N 18°14′27″E / 57.09944°N 18.24083°E Sweden - Visby 57°37′29″N 18°21′18″E / 57.62472°N 18.35500°E 70(70/0) 80 50.0 1999 Thyr 18.240833333333335 57.099444444444444 18.355 57.624722222222225
23 SwePol Poland - Wierzbięcin 54°30′8″N 16°53′28″E / 54.50222°N 16.89111°E Sweden - Stärnö 56°9′11″N 14°50′29″E / 56.15306°N 14.84139°E 245(245/0) 450 600.0 2000 Thyr Supplier: ABB [38] 16.891111111111112 54.50222222222222 14.841388888888888 56.153055555555554
24 Tjæreborg Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge 55°26′52″N 8°35′34″E / 55.44778°N 8.59278°E Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation 55°28′07″N 8°33′36″E / 55.46861°N 8.56000°E 4.3(4.3/0) 9 7.0 2000 IGBT Interconnection to wind power generating stations 8.592777777777778 55.44777777777778 8.56 55.46861111111111
25 Italy-Greece Greece - Arachthos 39°11′00″N 20°57′48″E / 39.18333°N 20.96333°E Italy - Galatina 40°9′53″N 18°7′49″E / 40.16472°N 18.13028°E 310(200/110) 400 500.0 2001 Thyr 20.963333333333335 39.18333333333333 18.130277777777778 40.164722222222224
26 Moyle UK - Auchencrosh 55°04′10″N 4°58′50″W / 55.06944°N 4.98056°W UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More 54°50′34″N 5°46′11″W / 54.84278°N 5.76972°W 63.5(63.5/0) 250 2501.0 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens- Nexans [39] -4.980555555555556 55.06944444444444 -5.769722222222223 54.842777777777776
27 HVDC Troll Norway - Kollsnes 60°33′01″N 4°50′26″E / 60.55028°N 4.84056°E Norway - Offshore platform Troll A 60°40′00″N 3°40′00″E / 60.66667°N 3.66667°E 70(70/0) 60 80.0 2004 IGBT Power supply for offshore gas compressor Supplier: ABB [40] 4.8405555555555555 60.55027777777778 3.6666666666666665 60.666666666666664
28 Estlink Finland - Espoo 60°12′14″N 24°33′06″E / 60.20389°N 24.55167°E Estonia - Harku 59°23′5″N 24°33′37″E / 59.38472°N 24.56028°E 105(105/0) 150 350.0 2006 IGBT Supplier: ABB [40] 24.551666666666666 60.20388888888889 24.560277777777777 59.38472222222222
29 NorNed Netherlands - Eemshaven 53°26′4″N 6°51′57″E / 53.43444°N 6.86583°E Norway - Feda 58°16′58″N 6°51′55″E / 58.28278°N 6.86528°E 580(580/0) 450 700.0 2008 Thyr Supplier: ABB- Nexans [40] 6.865833333333334 53.434444444444445 6.865277777777778 58.28277777777778
30 BritNed UK - Grain 51°26′24″N 0°43′0″E / 51.44000°N 0.71667°E Netherlands - Maasvlakte 51°57′27″N 4°01′17″E / 51.95750°N 4.02139°E 245(245/0) 450 1000.0 2010 Thyr Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens [40][41] [42][43] 0.7166666666666667 51.44 4.021388888888889 51.9575
31 StoreBælt Denmark - Fraugde 55°22′01″N 10°30′25″E / 55.36694°N 10.50694°E Denmark - Herslev 55°31′53″N 11°19′01″E / 55.53139°N 11.31694°E 56(56/0) 400 600.0 2010 Thyr Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens [40] 10.506944444444445 55.36694444444444 11.316944444444445 55.53138888888889
32 Cometa Spain - Morvedre 39°38′28″N 0°14′7″W / 39.64111°N 0.23528°W Spain - Santa Ponsa 39°32′2″N 2°30′21″E / 39.53389°N 2.50583°E 247(247/0) 250 400.0 2011 Thyr Expected completion 2011 Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables) [40] -0.23527777777777778 39.64111111111111 2.5058333333333334 39.53388888888889
33 Fenno-Skan 2 Finland - Rauma 61°09′07″N 21°37′32″E / 61.15194°N 21.62556°E Sweden - Finnbole 60°25′30″N 17°3′42″E / 60.42500°N 17.06167°E 303(200/103) 500 800.0 2011 Thyr 21.625555555555554 61.151944444444446 17.061666666666667 60.425
34 SAPEI Italy - Latina 41°25′47″N 12°48′25″E / 41.42972°N 12.80694°E Italy - Fiume Santo 40°50′29″N 8°18′21″E / 40.84139°N 8.30583°E 435(435/0) 500 1000.0 2011 Thyr The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB [40][44][45] 12.806944444444444 41.429722222222225 8.305833333333334 40.841388888888886
35 East West Interconnector Ireland - Woodland 53°28′16″N 6°34′3″W / 53.47111°N 6.56750°W UK - Shotton- Wales 53°13′38″N 3°4′22″W / 53.22722°N 3.07278°W 130(130/0) ±200 500.0 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [51] -6.5675 53.471111111111114 -3.0727777777777776 53.227222222222224
36 Estlink 2 Finland - Anttila 60°22′36″N 25°22′01″E / 60.37667°N 25.36694°E Estonia - Püssi 59°22′13″N 27°04′05″E / 59.37028°N 27.06806°E 171(157/14) 450 650.0 2014 Thyr Supplier: Siemens- Nexans 25.366944444444446 60.376666666666665 27.068055555555556 59.37027777777778
37 BorWin2 Germany - Diele 53°7′30″N 7°18′29″E / 53.12500°N 7.30806°E Germany - BorWin Beta platform 54°21′18″N 6°01′30″E / 54.35500°N 6.02500°E 200(200/0) ±300 800.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [58] 7.308055555555556 53.125 6.025 54.355
38 DolWin1 Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E Germany - DolWin Alpha platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E 165(165/0) ±320 800.0 2015 IGBT Supplier:ABB [59] 7.2572222222222225 52.9825 6.421111111111111 53.995
39 HelWin1 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E Germany - HelWin Alpha platform 54°27′07″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45194°N 7.73889°E 130(130/0) ±250 576.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [60] 9.231944444444444 53.91694444444445 7.738888888888889 54.45194444444444
40 HelWin2 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E Germany - HelWin Beta platform 54°27′11″N 7°44′20″E / 54.45306°N 7.73889°E 130(130/0) ±320 690.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens 9.231944444444444 53.91694444444445 7.738888888888889 54.45305555555556
41 INELFE France - Baixas 42°43′56″N 2°48′14″E / 42.73222°N 2.80389°E Spain - Santa Llogaia 42°13′59″N 2°56′39″E / 42.23306°N 2.94417°E 64(64/0) ±320 2000.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens- Cables: Prysmian. €700m- 8km tunnel near HSR [61] [62][63][64] 2.803888888888889 42.73222222222222 2.944166666666667 42.23305555555555
42 NordBalt Sweden - Nybro 56°46′4″N 15°51′15″E / 56.76778°N 15.85417°E Lithuania - Klaipėda 55°40′54″N 21°15′24″E / 55.68167°N 21.25667°E 450(450/0) 300 700.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [69] 15.854166666666666 56.76777777777778 21.256666666666668 55.681666666666665
43 Skagerrak 4 Denmark - Tjele 56°28′44″N 9°34′1″E / 56.47889°N 9.56694°E Norway - Kristiansand 58°15′36″N 7°53′55″E / 58.26000°N 7.89861°E 244(244/0) 500 700.0 2015 IGBT Suppliers: Nexans- ABB [70] 9.566944444444445 56.47888888888889 7.898611111111111 58.26
44 SylWin1 Germany - Büttel 53°55′01″N 9°13′55″E / 53.91694°N 9.23194°E Germany - SylWin Alpha platform 55°03′47″N 7°14′28″E / 55.06306°N 7.24111°E 205(205/0) ±320 864.0 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [71] 9.231944444444444 53.91694444444445 7.2411111111111115 55.06305555555556
45 DolWin2 Germany - Heede 52°58′52″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98111°N 7.25722°E Germany - DolWin Beta platform 53°58′41″N 6°55′23″E / 53.97806°N 6.92306°E 135(135/0) ±320 900.0 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [78] 7.2572222222222225 52.98111111111111 6.923055555555555 53.97805555555556
46 SydVästlänken Sweden - Barkeryd 57°44′52″N 14°39′19″E / 57.74778°N 14.65528°E Sweden - Hurva 55°49′59″N 13°36′08″E / 55.83306°N 13.60222°E 260(197/63) ±300 2016 IGBT Supplier: Alstom 14.655277777777778 57.74777777777778 13.602222222222222 55.83305555555555
47 DolWin3 Germany - Heede 52°58′57″N 7°15′26″E / 52.98250°N 7.25722°E Germany - DolWin Gamma platform 53°59′42″N 6°25′16″E / 53.99500°N 6.42111°E 160(160/0) ±320 900.0 2017 IGBT Supplier: Alstom [79] 7.2572222222222225 52.9825 6.421111111111111 53.995
48 HVDC MON.ITA Project Italy-Cepagatti 42°23′41″N 14°07′30″E / 42.39472°N 14.12500°E Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska 42°19′03″N 18°47′41″E / 42.31750°N 18.79472°E 415(415/0) ±500 1000.0 2017 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables). [80][81][82] 14.125 42.39472222222222 18.794722222222223 42.3175
49 Western HVDC Link UK - Hunterston 55°43′16″N 4°53′7″W / 55.72111°N 4.88528°W UK - Flintshire Bridge 53°13′54″N 3°1′58″W / 53.23167°N 3.03278°W 422(422/0) 600 2200.0 2017-18 Thyr Supplier: Prysmian Group- SiemensFirst subsea 600kV link [83][84] -4.885277777777778 55.721111111111114 -3.0327777777777776 53.23166666666667
50 NORD.LINK Norway - Tonstad 58°40′07″N 6°45′16″E / 58.66861°N 6.75444°E Germany - Wilster 53°55′18″N 9°20′41″E / 53.92167°N 9.34472°E 623(570/53) 525 1400.0 2020 IGBT Supplier: ABB [105][106][107] 6.754444444444444 58.66861111111111 9.344722222222222 53.92166666666667

28
data/links_tyndp.csv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
Name,Converterstation 1,Converterstation 2,Length (given) (km),Length (distance*1.2) (km),Power (MW),status,replaces,Ref,x1,y1,x2,y2
Biscay Gulf,Gatica (ES),Cubnezais (FR),370,,2200,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/16,-2.867,43.367,-0.408943,45.074191
Italy-France,Piossasco (IT),Grand Ile (FR),190,,1000,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/21,7.468,44.9898,6.045,45.472
IFA2,Tourbe (FR),Chilling (GB),,247.2,1000,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/25,-0.172042,49.083593,-1.277269,50.839338
Italy-Montenegro,Villanova (IT),Latsva (MT),445,,1200,under construction,Link.14539,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/28,14.125,42.3947222222222,18.7947222222222,42.3175
NordLink,Tonstad (NO),Wilster (DE),514,,1400,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/37,6.716948,58.662631,9.373979,53.922479
COBRA cable,Endrup (DK),Eemshaven (NL),325,,700,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/71,8.718392,55.523115,6.835494,53.438589
Thames Estuary Cluster (NEMO-Link),Richborough (GB),Gezelle (BE),140,,1000,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/74,1.324854,51.295891,3.23043,51.24902
Anglo-Scottish -1,Hunterston (UK),Deeside (UK),422,,2400,built,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/77,-4.898329,55.723331,-3.032972,53.199735
ALEGrO,Lixhe (BE),Oberzier (DE),100,,1000,built,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/92,5.67933,50.7567965,6.474704,50.867532
North Sea Link,Kvilldal (NO),Blythe (GB),720,,1400,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/110,6.637527,59.515096,-1.510277,55.126957
HVDC SuedOstLink,Wolmirstedt (DE),Isar (DE),,557,2000,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/130,11.629014,52.252137,12.091596,48.080837
HVDC Line A-North,Emden East (DE),Osterath (DE),,284,2000,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/132,7.206009,53.359403,6.619451,51.272935
France-Alderney-Britain,Exeter (UK),Menuel (FR),220,,1400,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/153,-3.533899,50.718412,-1.469216,49.509594
Viking DKW-GB,Bicker Fen (GB),Revsing (DK),,807,1400,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/167,-0.203587,52.93979,9.178363,55.509166
ElecLink,Sellindge (UK),Mandarins (FR),,72,1000,under construction,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/172,0.975555555555556,51.1058333333333,1.78472222222222,50.9030555555556
Greenconnector,Verderio (IT),Sils i.D. (CH),150,,1000,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/174,9.439781,45.668539,9.76569,46.432156
Hansa PowerBridge I,Hurva (SE),Guestrow (DE),,283,700,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/176,13.6022222222222,55.8330555555556,12.189538,53.803155
NorthConnect,Simadalen (NO),Peterhead (UK),650,,1400,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/190,7.16027,60.500527,-1.784066,57.508123
HVDC SuedLink,Wilster (DE),Großgartach (DE),,637,4000,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/235,9.373979,53.922479,9.117193,49.145157
AQUIND Interconnector,Lovedean (GB),Barnabos (FR),254,,2000,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/247,-1.020512,50.908244,0.991736,49.656631
HVDC Ultranet,Osterath (DE),Philippsburg (DE),,314,600,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/254,6.619451,51.272935,8.458036,49.235253
Gridlink,Kingsnorth (UK),Warande (FR),160,,1400,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/285,0.596111111111111,51.41972,2.376776,51.034368
NeuConnect,Grain (UK),Fedderwarden (DE),680,,1400,in permitting,,https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/309,0.716666666666667,51.44,8.046524,53.562763
NordBalt,Klaipeda (LT),Nybro (SE),450,,700,built,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NordBalt,21.256667,55.681667,15.854167,56.767778
Estlink 1,Harku (EE),Espoo (FI),105,,350,built,,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlink,24.560278,59.384722,24.551667,60.203889
Greenlink,Waterford (IE),Pembroke (UK),,180,500,under construction,,https://tyndp2022-project-platform.azurewebsites.net/projectsheets/transmission/286,-6.987,52.260,-4.986,51.686
Celtic Interconnector,Aghada (IE),La Martyre (FR),,572,700,under consideration,,https://tyndp2022-project-platform.azurewebsites.net/projectsheets/transmission/107,-8.16642,51.91413,-4.184,48.459
1 Name Converterstation 1 Converterstation 2 Length (given) (km) Length (distance*1.2) (km) Power (MW) status replaces Ref x1 y1 x2 y2
2 Biscay Gulf Gatica (ES) Cubnezais (FR) 370 2200 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/16 -2.867 43.367 -0.408943 45.074191
3 Italy-France Piossasco (IT) Grand Ile (FR) 190 1000 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/21 7.468 44.9898 6.045 45.472
4 IFA2 Tourbe (FR) Chilling (GB) 247.2 1000 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/25 -0.172042 49.083593 -1.277269 50.839338
5 Italy-Montenegro Villanova (IT) Latsva (MT) 445 1200 under construction Link.14539 https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/28 14.125 42.3947222222222 18.7947222222222 42.3175
6 NordLink Tonstad (NO) Wilster (DE) 514 1400 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/37 6.716948 58.662631 9.373979 53.922479
7 COBRA cable Endrup (DK) Eemshaven (NL) 325 700 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/71 8.718392 55.523115 6.835494 53.438589
8 Thames Estuary Cluster (NEMO-Link) Richborough (GB) Gezelle (BE) 140 1000 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/74 1.324854 51.295891 3.23043 51.24902
9 Anglo-Scottish -1 Hunterston (UK) Deeside (UK) 422 2400 built https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/77 -4.898329 55.723331 -3.032972 53.199735
10 ALEGrO Lixhe (BE) Oberzier (DE) 100 1000 built https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/92 5.67933 50.7567965 6.474704 50.867532
11 North Sea Link Kvilldal (NO) Blythe (GB) 720 1400 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/110 6.637527 59.515096 -1.510277 55.126957
12 HVDC SuedOstLink Wolmirstedt (DE) Isar (DE) 557 2000 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/130 11.629014 52.252137 12.091596 48.080837
13 HVDC Line A-North Emden East (DE) Osterath (DE) 284 2000 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/132 7.206009 53.359403 6.619451 51.272935
14 France-Alderney-Britain Exeter (UK) Menuel (FR) 220 1400 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/153 -3.533899 50.718412 -1.469216 49.509594
15 Viking DKW-GB Bicker Fen (GB) Revsing (DK) 807 1400 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/167 -0.203587 52.93979 9.178363 55.509166
16 ElecLink Sellindge (UK) Mandarins (FR) 72 1000 under construction https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/172 0.975555555555556 51.1058333333333 1.78472222222222 50.9030555555556
17 Greenconnector Verderio (IT) Sils i.D. (CH) 150 1000 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/174 9.439781 45.668539 9.76569 46.432156
18 Hansa PowerBridge I Hurva (SE) Guestrow (DE) 283 700 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/176 13.6022222222222 55.8330555555556 12.189538 53.803155
19 NorthConnect Simadalen (NO) Peterhead (UK) 650 1400 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/190 7.16027 60.500527 -1.784066 57.508123
20 HVDC SuedLink Wilster (DE) Großgartach (DE) 637 4000 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/235 9.373979 53.922479 9.117193 49.145157
21 AQUIND Interconnector Lovedean (GB) Barnabos (FR) 254 2000 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/247 -1.020512 50.908244 0.991736 49.656631
22 HVDC Ultranet Osterath (DE) Philippsburg (DE) 314 600 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/254 6.619451 51.272935 8.458036 49.235253
23 Gridlink Kingsnorth (UK) Warande (FR) 160 1400 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/285 0.596111111111111 51.41972 2.376776 51.034368
24 NeuConnect Grain (UK) Fedderwarden (DE) 680 1400 in permitting https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/projects/309 0.716666666666667 51.44 8.046524 53.562763
25 NordBalt Klaipeda (LT) Nybro (SE) 450 700 built https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NordBalt 21.256667 55.681667 15.854167 56.767778
26 Estlink 1 Harku (EE) Espoo (FI) 105 350 built https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlink 24.560278 59.384722 24.551667 60.203889
27 Greenlink Waterford (IE) Pembroke (UK) 180 500 under construction https://tyndp2022-project-platform.azurewebsites.net/projectsheets/transmission/286 -6.987 52.260 -4.986 51.686
28 Celtic Interconnector Aghada (IE) La Martyre (FR) 572 700 under consideration https://tyndp2022-project-platform.azurewebsites.net/projectsheets/transmission/107 -8.16642 51.91413 -4.184 48.459

16
data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
country,factor
BE,0.796
BG,0.894
CZ,0.827
FI,0.936
FR,0.71
DE,0.871
HU,0.913
NL,0.868
RO,0.909
SK,0.9
SI,0.913
ES,0.897
SE,0.851
CH,0.87
GB,0.656
1 country factor
2 BE 0.796
3 BG 0.894
4 CZ 0.827
5 FI 0.936
6 FR 0.71
7 DE 0.871
8 HU 0.913
9 NL 0.868
10 RO 0.909
11 SK 0.9
12 SI 0.913
13 ES 0.897
14 SE 0.851
15 CH 0.87
16 GB 0.656

3
data/override_component_attrs/buses.csv
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
attribute,type,unit,default,description,status
location,string,n/a,n/a,Reference to original electricity bus,Input (optional)
unit,string,n/a,MWh,Unit of the bus (descriptive only), Input (optional)
1 attribute type unit default description status
2 location string n/a n/a Reference to original electricity bus Input (optional)
3 unit string n/a MWh Unit of the bus (descriptive only) Input (optional)

4
data/override_component_attrs/generators.csv
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
attribute,type,unit,default,description,status
carrier,string,n/a,n/a,carrier,Input (optional)
lifetime,float,years,inf,lifetime,Input (optional)
build_year,int,year ,0,build year,Input (optional)
1 attribute type unit default description status
2 carrier string n/a n/a carrier Input (optional)
3 lifetime float years inf lifetime Input (optional)
4 build_year int year 0 build year Input (optional)

13
data/override_component_attrs/links.csv
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@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
attribute,type,unit,default,description,status
bus2,string,n/a,n/a,2nd bus,Input (optional)
bus3,string,n/a,n/a,3rd bus,Input (optional)
bus4,string,n/a,n/a,4th bus,Input (optional)
efficiency2,static or series,per unit,1,2nd bus efficiency,Input (optional)
efficiency3,static or series,per unit,1,3rd bus efficiency,Input (optional)
efficiency4,static or series,per unit,1,4th bus efficiency,Input (optional)
p2,series,MW,0,2nd bus output,Output
p3,series,MW,0,3rd bus output,Output
p4,series,MW,0,4th bus output,Output
carrier,string,n/a,n/a,carrier,Input (optional)
lifetime,float,years,inf,lifetime,Input (optional)
build_year,int,year ,0,build year,Input (optional)
1 attribute type unit default description status
2 bus2 string n/a n/a 2nd bus Input (optional)
3 bus3 string n/a n/a 3rd bus Input (optional)
4 bus4 string n/a n/a 4th bus Input (optional)
5 efficiency2 static or series per unit 1 2nd bus efficiency Input (optional)
6 efficiency3 static or series per unit 1 3rd bus efficiency Input (optional)
7 efficiency4 static or series per unit 1 4th bus efficiency Input (optional)
8 p2 series MW 0 2nd bus output Output
9 p3 series MW 0 3rd bus output Output
10 p4 series MW 0 4th bus output Output
11 carrier string n/a n/a carrier Input (optional)
12 lifetime float years inf lifetime Input (optional)
13 build_year int year 0 build year Input (optional)

2
data/override_component_attrs/loads.csv
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
attribute,type,unit,default,description,status
carrier,string,n/a,n/a,carrier,Input (optional)
1 attribute type unit default description status
2 carrier string n/a n/a carrier Input (optional)

4
data/override_component_attrs/stores.csv
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
attribute,type,unit,default,description,status
carrier,string,n/a,n/a,carrier,Input (optional)
lifetime,float,years,inf,lifetime,Input (optional)
build_year,int,year ,0,build year,Input (optional)
1 attribute type unit default description status
2 carrier string n/a n/a carrier Input (optional)
3 lifetime float years inf lifetime Input (optional)
4 build_year int year 0 build year Input (optional)

67
data/parameter_corrections.yaml Normal file
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Link:
p_nom:
oid:
"32508": 400 #BorWin1
"32513": 900 # DolWin 2
"32515": 900 # DolWin 3
"32517": 576 # HelWin 1
"32526": 250 # GB-IE
"32528": 300 # Links on Corse
"32521": 300 # Links on Corse
"32529": 300 # SACOI (between Sardinia and Corse)
"32533": 300 # SACOI (between Sardinia and Corse)
"32550": 600 # Baltic
"115391": 1200 # Caithness Moray HVDC
"115000": 1200 # Caithness Moray HVDC
index:
"14804": 1400 # North-Sea link (NSN Link)
"14822": 700 # NO-DK Skagerrak 4
"14827": 440 # NO-DK Skagerrak 3
"14810": 500 # NO-DK Skagerrak 1-2
"11679": 940 # NO-DK Skagerrak joint 1-3
"14806": 1440 # SE-SE
"14819": 250 # Hassing-Lindome
"14803": 700 # Cobra DK-NL
"T6": 1000 # NEMO GB-BE
"14801": 1000 # ALEGrO BE-DE
"14807": 600 # SwePol
"14820": 700 #NordBalt
bus0:
index:
"8708": "6443" # fix bus-id of substation in GB
"8009": "5896" # fix bus-id of substation in GB
"11679": "6365" # fix bus-id of substation in NO
"12727": "7427" # bus0 == bus1 to remove link in remove_unconnected_components (GB-BE)
"5558": "7427" # bus0 == bus1 to remove link in remove_unconnected_components (GB-BE)
"5583": "7428" # bus0 == bus1 to remove link in remove_unconnected_components (Sardinia)
"13588": "7428" # bus0 == bus1 to remove link in remove_unconnected_components (Sardinia)
"T23": "6355" # bus0 == bus1 to remove link in remove_unconnected_components (NordBalt)
"14815": "5939" # Kainachtal
"8706": "6448"
bus1:
index:
"12931": "8152" # BorWin3
"5582": "2382" # combine link 5583 + 5582 in 5582 (Sardinia)
"13589": "1349" # combine link 13589 + 13588 in 13589 (Sardinia)
"14820": "6354" # NordBalt
"14810": "6365" # Skagerrak
"8708": "6448"
"8394": "6695"
"14813": "7052"
"8009": "5939"
"5601": "7052" # Link Sweden - Lübeck
length:
index:
"5582": 26.39 # new length of combined links (sum)
"13589": 509.0 # new length of combined links (sum)
Line:
bus1:
index:
"14573": "7950" #fix bus-id substation in PT (220/380kV issue)
bus0:
index:
"14573": "7179" #fix bus-id substation in PT (220/380kV issue)
"14756": "8577" # Deeside connection
v_nom:
index:
"14573": 220 # 220/380kV issue of substation in PT

8
data/unit_commitment.csv Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
attribute,OCGT,CCGT,coal,lignite,nuclear
ramp_limit_up,1,1,1,1,0.3
ramp_limit_start_up,0.2,0.45,0.38,0.4,0.5
ramp_limit_shut_down,0.2,0.45,0.38,0.4,0.5
p_min_pu,0.2,0.45,0.325,0.4,0.5
min_up_time,,3,5,7,6
min_down_time,,2,6,6,10
start_up_cost,9.6,34.2,35.64,19.14,16.5
1 attribute OCGT CCGT coal lignite nuclear
2 ramp_limit_up 1 1 1 1 0.3
3 ramp_limit_start_up 0.2 0.45 0.38 0.4 0.5
4 ramp_limit_shut_down 0.2 0.45 0.38 0.4 0.5
5 p_min_pu 0.2 0.45 0.325 0.4 0.5
6 min_up_time 3 5 7 6
7 min_down_time 2 6 6 10
8 start_up_cost 9.6 34.2 35.64 19.14 16.5

4
doc/Makefile
View File

@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
#

215
doc/conf.py
View File

@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 20017-2020 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# PyPSA documentation build configuration file, created by
@ -12,19 +17,18 @@
# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
# serve to show the default.
import sys
import os
import shlex
import sys
# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../scripts'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../scripts"))
# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
@ -32,89 +36,94 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../scripts'))
extensions = [
#'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
#'sphinx.ext.autosummary',
'sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel',
'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
'sphinx.ext.todo',
'sphinx.ext.mathjax',
'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
'sphinx.ext.graphviz',
"myst_parser",
"sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel",
"sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
"sphinx.ext.todo",
"sphinx.ext.mathjax",
"sphinx.ext.napoleon",
"sphinx.ext.graphviz",
"sphinxcontrib.bibtex",
#'sphinx.ext.pngmath',
#'sphinxcontrib.tikz',
#'rinoh.frontend.sphinx',
'sphinx.ext.imgconverter', # for SVG conversion
"sphinx.ext.imgconverter", # for SVG conversion
]
autodoc_default_flags = ['members']
autodoc_default_flags = ["members"]
autosummary_generate = True
bibtex_bibfiles = ["publications.bib"]
bibtex_default_style = "unsrt"
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
templates_path = ['_templates']
templates_path = ["_templates"]
# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
source_suffix = '.rst'
source_suffix = ".rst"
# The encoding of source files.
#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
# The master toctree document.
master_doc = 'index'
master_doc = "index"
# General information about the project.
project = u'PyPSA-Eur-Sec'
copyright = u'2019-2021 Tom Brown (KIT, TUB), Marta Victoria (Aarhus University), Lisa Zeyen (KIT, TUB), Fabian Neumann (TUB)'
author = u'2019-2021 Tom Brown (KIT, TUB), Marta Victoria (Aarhus University), Lisa Zeyen (KIT, TUB), Fabian Neumann (TUB)'
project = "PyPSA-Eur"
copyright = "2017-2023 Tom Brown (KIT, TUB, FIAS), Jonas Hoersch (KIT, FIAS), Fabian Hofmann (TUB, FIAS), Fabian Neumann (TUB, KIT), Marta Victoria (Aarhus University), Lisa Zeyen (KIT, TUB)"
author = "Tom Brown (KIT, TUB, FIAS), Jonas Hoersch (KIT, FIAS), Fabian Hofmann (TUB, FIAS), Fabian Neumann (TUB, KIT), Marta Victoria (Aarhus University), Lisa Zeyen (KIT, TUB)"
# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
# built documents.
#
# The short X.Y version.
version = u'0.6'
version = "0.8"
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
release = u'0.6.0'
release = "0.8.1"
# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
# for a list of supported languages.
#
# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
language = None
language = "en"
# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
# non-false value, then it is used:
#today = ''
# today = ''
# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
exclude_patterns = ['_build']
exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
# documents.
#default_role = None
# default_role = None
# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
#add_function_parentheses = True
# add_function_parentheses = True
# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
# unit titles (such as .. function::).
#add_module_names = True
# add_module_names = True
# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
# output. They are ignored by default.
#show_authors = False
# show_authors = False
# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
pygments_style = 'sphinx'
pygments_style = "sphinx"
# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
#modindex_common_prefix = []
# modindex_common_prefix = []
# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
#keep_warnings = False
# keep_warnings = False
# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
todo_include_todos = True
@ -124,174 +133,168 @@ todo_include_todos = True
# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for
# a list of builtin themes.
html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
html_theme = "sphinx_book_theme"
# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the
# documentation.
html_theme_options = {
'display_version': True,
'sticky_navigation': True,
"repository_url": "https://github.com/pypsa/pypsa-eur",
"use_repository_button": True,
"show_navbar_depth": 1,
}
# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
#html_theme_path = []
# html_theme_path = []
# The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to
# "<project> v<release> documentation".
#html_title = None
html_title = "PyPSA-Eur"
# A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title.
#html_short_title = None
html_short_title = "PyPSA-Eur"
# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
# of the sidebar.
#html_logo = None
html_logo = "img/pypsa-logo.png"
# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
# docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
# pixels large.
#html_favicon = None
# html_favicon = None
# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
html_static_path = ['_static']
# These folders are copied to the documentation's HTML output
# html_static_path = ["_static"]
html_context = {
'css_files': [
'_static/theme_overrides.css', # override wide tables in RTD theme
],
}
# These paths are either relative to html_static_path
# or fully qualified paths (eg. https://...)
# html_css_files = ["theme_overrides.css"]
# Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
# .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
# directly to the root of the documentation.
#html_extra_path = []
# html_extra_path = []
# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
# using the given strftime format.
#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
# typographically correct entities.
#html_use_smartypants = True
# html_use_smartypants = True
# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
#html_sidebars = {}
# html_sidebars = {}
# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
# template names.
#html_additional_pages = {}
# html_additional_pages = {}
# If false, no module index is generated.
#html_domain_indices = True
# html_domain_indices = True
# If false, no index is generated.
#html_use_index = True
# html_use_index = True
# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
#html_split_index = False
# html_split_index = False
# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
#html_show_sourcelink = True
# html_show_sourcelink = True
# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
#html_show_sphinx = True
# html_show_sphinx = True
# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
#html_show_copyright = True
# html_show_copyright = True
# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
# contain a <link> tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the
# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
#html_use_opensearch = ''
# html_use_opensearch = ''
# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
#html_file_suffix = None
# html_file_suffix = None
# Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
# Sphinx supports the following languages:
# 'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
# 'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
#html_search_language = 'en'
# html_search_language = 'en'
# A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
# Now only 'ja' uses this config value
#html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
# The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
# implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
#html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
# html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
htmlhelp_basename = 'PyPSAEurSecdoc'
htmlhelp_basename = "PyPSAEurdoc"
# -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
latex_elements = {
# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
#'pointsize': '10pt',
# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
#'preamble': '',
# Latex figure (float) alignment
#'figure_align': 'htbp',
# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
#'pointsize': '10pt',
# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
#'preamble': '',
# Latex figure (float) alignment
#'figure_align': 'htbp',
}
# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title,
# author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
latex_documents = [
(master_doc, 'PyPSA-Eur-Sec.tex', u'PyPSA-Eur-Sec Documentation',
u'author', 'manual'),
(master_doc, "PyPSA-Eur.tex", "PyPSA-Eur Documentation", "author", "manual"),
]
#Added for rinoh http://www.mos6581.org/rinohtype/quickstart.html
rinoh_documents = [(master_doc, # top-level file (index.rst)
'PyPSA-Eur-Sec', # output (target.pdf)
'PyPSA-Eur-Sec Documentation', # document title
'author')] # document author
# Added for rinoh http://www.mos6581.org/rinohtype/quickstart.html
rinoh_documents = [
(
master_doc, # top-level file (index.rst)
"PyPSA-Eur", # output (target.pdf)
"PyPSA-Eur Documentation", # document title
"author",
)
] # document author
# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
# the title page.
#latex_logo = None
# latex_logo = None
# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
# not chapters.
#latex_use_parts = False
# latex_use_parts = False
# If true, show page references after internal links.
#latex_show_pagerefs = False
# latex_show_pagerefs = False
# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
#latex_show_urls = False
# latex_show_urls = False
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#latex_appendices = []
# latex_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#latex_domain_indices = True
# latex_domain_indices = True
# -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
man_pages = [
(master_doc, 'pypsa-eur-sec', u'PyPSA-Eur-Sec Documentation',
[author], 1)
]
man_pages = [(master_doc, "pypsa-eur", "PyPSA-Eur Documentation", [author], 1)]
# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
#man_show_urls = False
# man_show_urls = False
# -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
@ -300,23 +303,29 @@ man_pages = [
# (source start file, target name, title, author,
# dir menu entry, description, category)
texinfo_documents = [
(master_doc, 'PyPSA-Eur-Sec', u'PyPSA-Eur-Sec Documentation',
author, 'PyPSA-Eur-Sec', 'One line description of project.',
'Miscellaneous'),
(
master_doc,
"PyPSA-Eur",
"PyPSA-Eur Documentation",
author,
"PyPSA-Eur",
"One line description of project.",
"Miscellaneous",
),
]
# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
#texinfo_appendices = []
# texinfo_appendices = []
# If false, no module index is generated.
#texinfo_domain_indices = True
# texinfo_domain_indices = True
# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
# Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
intersphinx_mapping = {'https://docs.python.org/': None}
intersphinx_mapping = {"https://docs.python.org/": None}

13
doc/configtables/atlite.csv Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
,Unit,Values,Description
default_cutout,--,str,"Defines a default cutout."
nprocesses,--,int,"Number of parallel processes in cutout preparation"
show_progress,bool,true/false,"Whether progressbar for atlite conversion processes should be shown. False saves time."
cutouts,,,
-- {name},--,"Convention is to name cutouts like ``<region>-<year>-<source>`` (e.g. ``europe-2013-era5``).","Name of the cutout netcdf file. The user may specify multiple cutouts under configuration ``atlite: cutouts:``. Reference is used in configuration ``renewable: {technology}: cutout:``. The cutout ``base`` may be used to automatically calculate temporal and spatial bounds of the network."
-- -- module,--,"Subset of {'era5','sarah'}","Source of the reanalysis weather dataset (e.g. `ERA5 <https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5>`_ or `SARAH-2 <https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V002>`_)"
-- -- x,°,"Float interval within [-180, 180]","Range of longitudes to download weather data for. If not defined, it defaults to the spatial bounds of all bus shapes."
-- -- y,°,"Float interval within [-90, 90]","Range of latitudes to download weather data for. If not defined, it defaults to the spatial bounds of all bus shapes."
-- -- dx,°,"Larger than 0.25","Grid resolution for longitude"
-- -- dy,°,"Larger than 0.25","Grid resolution for latitude"
-- -- time,,"Time interval within ['1979', '2018'] (with valid pandas date time strings)","Time span to download weather data for. If not defined, it defaults to the time interval spanned by the snapshots."
-- -- features,,"String or list of strings with valid cutout features ('inlfux', 'wind').","When freshly building a cutout, retrieve data only for those features. If not defined, it defaults to all available features."
1 Unit Values Description
2 default_cutout -- str Defines a default cutout.
3 nprocesses -- int Number of parallel processes in cutout preparation
4 show_progress bool true/false Whether progressbar for atlite conversion processes should be shown. False saves time.
5 cutouts
6 -- {name} -- Convention is to name cutouts like ``<region>-<year>-<source>`` (e.g. ``europe-2013-era5``). Name of the cutout netcdf file. The user may specify multiple cutouts under configuration ``atlite: cutouts:``. Reference is used in configuration ``renewable: {technology}: cutout:``. The cutout ``base`` may be used to automatically calculate temporal and spatial bounds of the network.
7 -- -- module -- Subset of {'era5','sarah'} Source of the reanalysis weather dataset (e.g. `ERA5 <https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5>`_ or `SARAH-2 <https://wui.cmsaf.eu/safira/action/viewDoiDetails?acronym=SARAH_V002>`_)
8 -- -- x ° Float interval within [-180, 180] Range of longitudes to download weather data for. If not defined, it defaults to the spatial bounds of all bus shapes.
9 -- -- y ° Float interval within [-90, 90] Range of latitudes to download weather data for. If not defined, it defaults to the spatial bounds of all bus shapes.
10 -- -- dx ° Larger than 0.25 Grid resolution for longitude
11 -- -- dy ° Larger than 0.25 Grid resolution for latitude
12 -- -- time Time interval within ['1979', '2018'] (with valid pandas date time strings) Time span to download weather data for. If not defined, it defaults to the time interval spanned by the snapshots.
13 -- -- features String or list of strings with valid cutout features ('inlfux', 'wind'). When freshly building a cutout, retrieve data only for those features. If not defined, it defaults to all available features.

7
doc/configtables/biomass.csv Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
,Unit,Values,Description
year ,--,"{2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050}",Year for which to retrieve biomass potential according to the assumptions of the `JRC ENSPRESO <https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/74ed5a04-7d74-4807-9eab-b94774309d9f>`_ .
scenario ,--,"{""ENS_Low"", ""ENS_Med"", ""ENS_High""}",Scenario for which to retrieve biomass potential. The scenario definition can be seen in `ENSPRESO_BIOMASS <https://cidportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/ENSPRESO/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx>`_
classes ,,,
-- solid biomass,--,Array of biomass comodity,The comodity that are included as solid biomass
-- not included,--,Array of biomass comodity,The comodity that are not included as a biomass potential
-- biogas,--,Array of biomass comodity,The comodity that are included as biogas
1 Unit Values Description
2 year -- {2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050} Year for which to retrieve biomass potential according to the assumptions of the `JRC ENSPRESO <https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/74ed5a04-7d74-4807-9eab-b94774309d9f>`_ .
3 scenario -- {"ENS_Low", "ENS_Med", "ENS_High"} Scenario for which to retrieve biomass potential. The scenario definition can be seen in `ENSPRESO_BIOMASS <https://cidportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/ENSPRESO/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx>`_
4 classes
5 -- solid biomass -- Array of biomass comodity The comodity that are included as solid biomass
6 -- not included -- Array of biomass comodity The comodity that are not included as a biomass potential
7 -- biogas -- Array of biomass comodity The comodity that are included as biogas

19
doc/configtables/clustering.csv Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
,Unit,Values,Description
focus_weights,,,Optionally specify the focus weights for the clustering of countries. For instance: `DE: 0.8` will distribute 80% of all nodes to Germany and 20% to the rest of the countries.
simplify_network,,,
-- to_substations,bool,"{'true','false'}","Aggregates all nodes without power injection (positive or negative, i.e. demand or generation) to electrically closest ones"
-- algorithm,str,"One of {‘kmeans’, ‘hac’, ‘modularity‘}",
-- feature,str,"Str in the format ‘carrier1+carrier2+...+carrierN-X’, where CarrierI can be from {‘solar’, ‘onwind’, ‘offwind’, ‘ror’} and X is one of {‘cap’, ‘time’}.",
-- exclude_carriers,list,"List of Str like [ 'solar', 'onwind'] or empy list []","List of carriers which will not be aggregated. If empty, all carriers will be aggregated."
-- remove stubs,bool,"{'true','false'}",Controls whether radial parts of the network should be recursively aggregated. Defaults to true.
-- remove_stubs_across_borders,bool,"{'true','false'}",Controls whether radial parts of the network should be recursively aggregated across borders. Defaults to true.
cluster_network,,,
-- algorithm,str,"One of {‘kmeans’, ‘hac’}",
-- feature,str,"Str in the format ‘carrier1+carrier2+...+carrierN-X’, where CarrierI can be from {‘solar’, ‘onwind’, ‘offwind’, ‘ror’} and X is one of {‘cap’, ‘time’}.",
-- exclude_carriers,list,"List of Str like [ 'solar', 'onwind'] or empy list []","List of carriers which will not be aggregated. If empty, all carriers will be aggregated."
-- consider_efficiency_classes,bool,"{'true','false'}","Aggregated each carriers into the top 10-quantile (high), the bottom 90-quantile (low), and everything in between (medium)."
aggregation_strategies,,,
-- generators,,,
-- -- {key},str,"{key} can be any of the component of the generator (str). It’s value can be any that can be converted to pandas.Series using getattr(). For example one of {min, max, sum}.","Aggregates the component according to the given strategy. For example, if sum, then all values within each cluster are summed to represent the new generator."
-- buses,,,
-- -- {key},str,"{key} can be any of the component of the bus (str). It’s value can be any that can be converted to pandas.Series using getattr(). For example one of {min, max, sum}.","Aggregates the component according to the given strategy. For example, if sum, then all values within each cluster are summed to represent the new bus."
1 Unit Values Description
2 focus_weights Optionally specify the focus weights for the clustering of countries. For instance: `DE: 0.8` will distribute 80% of all nodes to Germany and 20% to the rest of the countries.
3 simplify_network
4 -- to_substations bool {'true','false'} Aggregates all nodes without power injection (positive or negative, i.e. demand or generation) to electrically closest ones
5 -- algorithm str One of {‘kmeans’, ‘hac’, ‘modularity‘}
6 -- feature str Str in the format ‘carrier1+carrier2+...+carrierN-X’, where CarrierI can be from {‘solar’, ‘onwind’, ‘offwind’, ‘ror’} and X is one of {‘cap’, ‘time’}.
7 -- exclude_carriers list List of Str like [ 'solar', 'onwind'] or empy list [] List of carriers which will not be aggregated. If empty, all carriers will be aggregated.
8 -- remove stubs bool {'true','false'} Controls whether radial parts of the network should be recursively aggregated. Defaults to true.
9 -- remove_stubs_across_borders bool {'true','false'} Controls whether radial parts of the network should be recursively aggregated across borders. Defaults to true.
10 cluster_network
11 -- algorithm str One of {‘kmeans’, ‘hac’}
12 -- feature str Str in the format ‘carrier1+carrier2+...+carrierN-X’, where CarrierI can be from {‘solar’, ‘onwind’, ‘offwind’, ‘ror’} and X is one of {‘cap’, ‘time’}.
13 -- exclude_carriers list List of Str like [ 'solar', 'onwind'] or empy list [] List of carriers which will not be aggregated. If empty, all carriers will be aggregated.
14 -- consider_efficiency_classes bool {'true','false'} Aggregated each carriers into the top 10-quantile (high), the bottom 90-quantile (low), and everything in between (medium).
15 aggregation_strategies
16 -- generators
17 -- -- {key} str {key} can be any of the component of the generator (str). It’s value can be any that can be converted to pandas.Series using getattr(). For example one of {min, max, sum}. Aggregates the component according to the given strategy. For example, if sum, then all values within each cluster are summed to represent the new generator.
18 -- buses
19 -- -- {key} str {key} can be any of the component of the bus (str). It’s value can be any that can be converted to pandas.Series using getattr(). For example one of {min, max, sum}. Aggregates the component according to the given strategy. For example, if sum, then all values within each cluster are summed to represent the new bus.

2
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,Unit,Values,Description
co2_budget,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions. Overwritten if ``CO2Lx`` or ``cb`` are set in ``{sector_opts}`` wildcard"doc/configtables/othertoplevel.csv
Can't render this file because it contains an unexpected character in line 2 and column 174.

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,Unit,Values,Description
unit_commitment ,bool,"{true, false}","Allow the overwrite of ramp_limit_up, ramp_limit_start_up, ramp_limit_shut_down, p_min_pu, min_up_time, min_down_time, and start_up_cost of conventional generators. Refer to the CSV file „unit_commitment.csv“."
dynamic_fuel_price ,bool,"{true, false}","Consider the monthly fluctuating fuel prices for each conventional generator. Refer to the CSV file ""data/validation/monthly_fuel_price.csv""."
{name},--,string,For any carrier/technology overwrite attributes as listed below.
-- {attribute},--,string or float,"For any attribute, can specify a float or reference to a file path to a CSV file giving floats for each country (2-letter code)."
1 Unit Values Description
2 unit_commitment bool {true, false} Allow the overwrite of ramp_limit_up, ramp_limit_start_up, ramp_limit_shut_down, p_min_pu, min_up_time, min_down_time, and start_up_cost of conventional generators. Refer to the CSV file „unit_commitment.csv“.
3 dynamic_fuel_price bool {true, false} Consider the monthly fluctuating fuel prices for each conventional generator. Refer to the CSV file "data/validation/monthly_fuel_price.csv".
4 {name} -- string For any carrier/technology overwrite attributes as listed below.
5 -- {attribute} -- string or float For any attribute, can specify a float or reference to a file path to a CSV file giving floats for each country (2-letter code).

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,Unit,Values,Description
year,--,"YYYY; e.g. '2030'","Year for which to retrieve cost assumptions of ``resources/costs.csv``."
version,--,"vX.X.X; e.g. 'v0.5.0'","Version of ``technology-data`` repository to use."
rooftop_share,--,float,"Share of rooftop PV when calculating capital cost of solar (joint rooftop and utility-scale PV)."
fill_values,--,float,"Default values if not specified for a technology in ``resources/costs.csv``."
capital_cost,EUR/MW,"Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``resources/costs.csv``. Values can be any float.","For the given technologies, assumptions about their capital investment costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``resources/costs.csv``."
marginal_cost,EUR/MWh,"Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``resources/costs.csv``. Values can be any float.","For the given technologies, assumptions about their marginal operating costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``resources/costs.csv``."
emission_prices,,,"Specify exogenous prices for emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` to marginal costs."
-- co2,EUR/t,float,"Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity. Added through the keyword ``Ep`` in the ``{opts}`` wildcard only in the rule :mod:`prepare_network``."
1 Unit Values Description
2 year -- YYYY; e.g. '2030' Year for which to retrieve cost assumptions of ``resources/costs.csv``.
3 version -- vX.X.X; e.g. 'v0.5.0' Version of ``technology-data`` repository to use.
4 rooftop_share -- float Share of rooftop PV when calculating capital cost of solar (joint rooftop and utility-scale PV).
5 fill_values -- float Default values if not specified for a technology in ``resources/costs.csv``.
6 capital_cost EUR/MW Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``resources/costs.csv``. Values can be any float. For the given technologies, assumptions about their capital investment costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``resources/costs.csv``.
7 marginal_cost EUR/MWh Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``resources/costs.csv``. Values can be any float. For the given technologies, assumptions about their marginal operating costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``resources/costs.csv``.
8 emission_prices Specify exogenous prices for emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` to marginal costs.
9 -- co2 EUR/t float Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity. Added through the keyword ``Ep`` in the ``{opts}`` wildcard only in the rule :mod:`prepare_network``.

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,Unit,Values,Description
countries,--,"Subset of {'AL', 'AT', 'BA', 'BE', 'BG', 'CH', 'CZ', 'DE', 'DK', 'EE', 'ES', 'FI', 'FR', 'GB', 'GR', 'HR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LT', 'LU', 'LV', 'ME', 'MK', 'NL', 'NO', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'RS', 'SE', 'SI', 'SK'}","European countries defined by their `Two-letter country codes (ISO 3166-1) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2>`_ which should be included in the energy system model."
1 Unit Values Description
2 countries -- Subset of {'AL', 'AT', 'BA', 'BE', 'BG', 'CH', 'CZ', 'DE', 'DK', 'EE', 'ES', 'FI', 'FR', 'GB', 'GR', 'HR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LT', 'LU', 'LV', 'ME', 'MK', 'NL', 'NO', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'RS', 'SE', 'SI', 'SK'} European countries defined by their `Two-letter country codes (ISO 3166-1) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2>`_ which should be included in the energy system model.

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,Unit,Values,Description
voltages,kV,"Any subset of {220., 300., 380.}",Voltage levels to consider
gaslimit,MWhth,float or false,Global gas usage limit
co2limit,:math:`t_{CO_2-eq}/a`,float,Cap on total annual system carbon dioxide emissions
co2base,:math:`t_{CO_2-eq}/a`,float,Reference value of total annual system carbon dioxide emissions if relative emission reduction target is specified in ``{opts}`` wildcard.
agg_p_nom_limits,file,path,Reference to ``.csv`` file specifying per carrier generator nominal capacity constraints for individual countries if ``'CCL'`` is in ``{opts}`` wildcard. Defaults to ``data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv``.
operational_reserve,,,Settings for reserve requirements following `GenX <https://genxproject.github.io/GenX/dev/core/#Reserves>`_
,,,
-- activate,bool,true or false,Whether to take operational reserve requirements into account during optimisation
-- epsilon_load,--,float,share of total load
-- epsilon_vres,--,float,share of total renewable supply
-- contingency,MW,float,fixed reserve capacity
max_hours,,,
-- battery,h,float,Maximum state of charge capacity of the battery in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom``. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
-- H2,h,float,Maximum state of charge capacity of the hydrogen storage in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom``. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
extendable_carriers,,,
-- Generator,--,Any extendable carrier,"Defines existing or non-existing conventional and renewable power plants to be extendable during the optimization. Conventional generators can only be built/expanded where already existent today. If a listed conventional carrier is not included in the ``conventional_carriers`` list, the lower limit of the capacity expansion is set to 0."
-- StorageUnit,--,"Any subset of {'battery','H2'}",Adds extendable storage units (battery and/or hydrogen) at every node/bus after clustering without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity.
-- Store,--,"Any subset of {'battery','H2'}",Adds extendable storage units (battery and/or hydrogen) at every node/bus after clustering without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity.
-- Link,--,Any subset of {'H2 pipeline'},Adds extendable links (H2 pipelines only) at every connection where there are lines or HVDC links without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity. Hydrogen pipelines require hydrogen storage to be modelled as ``Store``.
powerplants_filter,--,"use `pandas.query <https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.query.html>`_ strings here, e.g. ``Country not in ['Germany']``",Filter query for the default powerplant database.
,,,
custom_powerplants,--,"use `pandas.query <https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.query.html>`_ strings here, e.g. ``Country in ['Germany']``",Filter query for the custom powerplant database.
,,,
conventional_carriers,--,"Any subset of {nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass}","List of conventional power plants to include in the model from ``resources/powerplants.csv``. If an included carrier is also listed in ``extendable_carriers``, the capacity is taken as a lower bound."
,,,
renewable_carriers,--,"Any subset of {solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, hydro}",List of renewable generators to include in the model.
estimate_renewable_capacities,,,
-- enable,,bool,Activate routine to estimate renewable capacities
-- from_opsd,--,bool,Add renewable capacities from `OPSD database <https://data.open-power-system-data.org/renewable_power_plants/2020-08-25>`_. The value is depreciated but still can be used.
-- year,--,bool,Renewable capacities are based on existing capacities reported by IRENA (IRENASTAT) for the specified year
-- expansion_limit,--,float or false,"Artificially limit maximum IRENA capacities to a factor. For example, an ``expansion_limit: 1.1`` means 110% of capacities . If false are chosen, the estimated renewable potentials determine by the workflow are used."
-- technology_mapping,,,Mapping between PyPSA-Eur and powerplantmatching technology names
-- -- Offshore,--,"Any subset of {offwind-ac, offwind-dc}","List of PyPSA-Eur carriers that is considered as (IRENA, OPSD) onshore technology."
-- -- Offshore,--,{onwind},"List of PyPSA-Eur carriers that is considered as (IRENA, OPSD) offshore technology."
-- -- PV,--,{solar},"List of PyPSA-Eur carriers that is considered as (IRENA, OPSD) PV technology."
1 Unit Values Description
2 voltages kV Any subset of {220., 300., 380.} Voltage levels to consider
3 gaslimit MWhth float or false Global gas usage limit
4 co2limit :math:`t_{CO_2-eq}/a` float Cap on total annual system carbon dioxide emissions
5 co2base :math:`t_{CO_2-eq}/a` float Reference value of total annual system carbon dioxide emissions if relative emission reduction target is specified in ``{opts}`` wildcard.
6 agg_p_nom_limits file path Reference to ``.csv`` file specifying per carrier generator nominal capacity constraints for individual countries if ``'CCL'`` is in ``{opts}`` wildcard. Defaults to ``data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv``.
7 operational_reserve Settings for reserve requirements following `GenX <https://genxproject.github.io/GenX/dev/core/#Reserves>`_
8
9 -- activate bool true or false Whether to take operational reserve requirements into account during optimisation
10 -- epsilon_load -- float share of total load
11 -- epsilon_vres -- float share of total renewable supply
12 -- contingency MW float fixed reserve capacity
13 max_hours
14 -- battery h float Maximum state of charge capacity of the battery in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom``. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
15 -- H2 h float Maximum state of charge capacity of the hydrogen storage in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom``. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
16 extendable_carriers
17 -- Generator -- Any extendable carrier Defines existing or non-existing conventional and renewable power plants to be extendable during the optimization. Conventional generators can only be built/expanded where already existent today. If a listed conventional carrier is not included in the ``conventional_carriers`` list, the lower limit of the capacity expansion is set to 0.
18 -- StorageUnit -- Any subset of {'battery','H2'} Adds extendable storage units (battery and/or hydrogen) at every node/bus after clustering without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity.
19 -- Store -- Any subset of {'battery','H2'} Adds extendable storage units (battery and/or hydrogen) at every node/bus after clustering without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity.
20 -- Link -- Any subset of {'H2 pipeline'} Adds extendable links (H2 pipelines only) at every connection where there are lines or HVDC links without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity. Hydrogen pipelines require hydrogen storage to be modelled as ``Store``.
21 powerplants_filter -- use `pandas.query <https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.query.html>`_ strings here, e.g. ``Country not in ['Germany']`` Filter query for the default powerplant database.
22
23 custom_powerplants -- use `pandas.query <https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.query.html>`_ strings here, e.g. ``Country in ['Germany']`` Filter query for the custom powerplant database.
24
25 conventional_carriers -- Any subset of {nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass} List of conventional power plants to include in the model from ``resources/powerplants.csv``. If an included carrier is also listed in ``extendable_carriers``, the capacity is taken as a lower bound.
26
27 renewable_carriers -- Any subset of {solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, hydro} List of renewable generators to include in the model.
28 estimate_renewable_capacities
29 -- enable bool Activate routine to estimate renewable capacities
30 -- from_opsd -- bool Add renewable capacities from `OPSD database <https://data.open-power-system-data.org/renewable_power_plants/2020-08-25>`_. The value is depreciated but still can be used.
31 -- year -- bool Renewable capacities are based on existing capacities reported by IRENA (IRENASTAT) for the specified year
32 -- expansion_limit -- float or false Artificially limit maximum IRENA capacities to a factor. For example, an ``expansion_limit: 1.1`` means 110% of capacities . If false are chosen, the estimated renewable potentials determine by the workflow are used.
33 -- technology_mapping Mapping between PyPSA-Eur and powerplantmatching technology names
34 -- -- Offshore -- Any subset of {offwind-ac, offwind-dc} List of PyPSA-Eur carriers that is considered as (IRENA, OPSD) onshore technology.
35 -- -- Offshore -- {onwind} List of PyPSA-Eur carriers that is considered as (IRENA, OPSD) offshore technology.
36 -- -- PV -- {solar} List of PyPSA-Eur carriers that is considered as (IRENA, OPSD) PV technology.

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,Unit,Values,Description
enable,str or bool,"{auto, true, false}","Switch to include (true) or exclude (false) the retrieve_* rules of snakemake into the workflow; 'auto' sets true|false based on availability of an internet connection to prevent issues with snakemake failing due to lack of internet connection."
prepare_links_p_nom,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to retrieve current HVDC projects from `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HVDC_projects>`_"
retrieve_databundle,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to retrieve databundle from zenodo via the rule :mod:`retrieve_databundle` or whether to keep a custom databundle located in the corresponding folder."
retrieve_sector_databundle,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to retrieve sector databundle from zenodo via the rule :mod:`retrieve_sector_databundle` or whether to keep a custom databundle located in the corresponding folder."
retrieve_cost_data,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to retrieve technology cost data from `technology-data repository <https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data>`_."
build_cutout,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to enable the building of cutouts via the rule :mod:`build_cutout`."
retrieve_irena,bool,"{true, false}",Switch to enable the retrieval of ``existing_capacities`` from IRENASTAT with :mod:`retrieve_irena`.
retrieve_cutout,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to enable the retrieval of cutouts from zenodo with :mod:`retrieve_cutout`."
build_natura_raster,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to enable the creation of the raster ``natura.tiff`` via the rule :mod:`build_natura_raster`."
retrieve_natura_raster,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to enable the retrieval of ``natura.tiff`` from zenodo with :mod:`retrieve_natura_raster`."
custom_busmap,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to enable the use of custom busmaps in rule :mod:`cluster_network`. If activated the rule looks for provided busmaps at ``data/custom_busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv`` which should have the same format as ``resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv``, i.e. the index should contain the buses of ``networks/elec_s{simpl}.nc``."
1 Unit Values Description
2 enable str or bool {auto, true, false} Switch to include (true) or exclude (false) the retrieve_* rules of snakemake into the workflow; 'auto' sets true|false based on availability of an internet connection to prevent issues with snakemake failing due to lack of internet connection.
3 prepare_links_p_nom bool {true, false} Switch to retrieve current HVDC projects from `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HVDC_projects>`_
4 retrieve_databundle bool {true, false} Switch to retrieve databundle from zenodo via the rule :mod:`retrieve_databundle` or whether to keep a custom databundle located in the corresponding folder.
5 retrieve_sector_databundle bool {true, false} Switch to retrieve sector databundle from zenodo via the rule :mod:`retrieve_sector_databundle` or whether to keep a custom databundle located in the corresponding folder.
6 retrieve_cost_data bool {true, false} Switch to retrieve technology cost data from `technology-data repository <https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data>`_.
7 build_cutout bool {true, false} Switch to enable the building of cutouts via the rule :mod:`build_cutout`.
8 retrieve_irena bool {true, false} Switch to enable the retrieval of ``existing_capacities`` from IRENASTAT with :mod:`retrieve_irena`.
9 retrieve_cutout bool {true, false} Switch to enable the retrieval of cutouts from zenodo with :mod:`retrieve_cutout`.
10 build_natura_raster bool {true, false} Switch to enable the creation of the raster ``natura.tiff`` via the rule :mod:`build_natura_raster`.
11 retrieve_natura_raster bool {true, false} Switch to enable the retrieval of ``natura.tiff`` from zenodo with :mod:`retrieve_natura_raster`.
12 custom_busmap bool {true, false} Switch to enable the use of custom busmaps in rule :mod:`cluster_network`. If activated the rule looks for provided busmaps at ``data/custom_busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv`` which should have the same format as ``resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv``, i.e. the index should contain the buses of ``networks/elec_s{simpl}.nc``.

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,Unit,Values,Description
energy_totals_year ,--,"{1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2011,…} ",The year for the sector energy use. The year must be avaliable in the Eurostat report
base_emissions_year ,--,"YYYY; e.g. 1990","The base year for the sector emissions. See `European Environment Agency (EEA) <https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-16>`_."
eurostat_report_year ,--,"{2016,2017,2018}","The publication year of the Eurostat report. 2016 includes Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2017 does not"
emissions ,--,"{CO2, All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)}","Specify which sectoral emissions are taken into account. Data derived from EEA. Currently only CO2 is implemented."
1 Unit Values Description
2 energy_totals_year -- {1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2011,…} The year for the sector energy use. The year must be avaliable in the Eurostat report
3 base_emissions_year -- YYYY; e.g. 1990 The base year for the sector emissions. See `European Environment Agency (EEA) <https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-16>`_.
4 eurostat_report_year -- {2016,2017,2018} The publication year of the Eurostat report. 2016 includes Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2017 does not
5 emissions -- {CO2, All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)} Specify which sectoral emissions are taken into account. Data derived from EEA. Currently only CO2 is implemented.

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,Unit,Values,Description
grouping_years_power ,--,A list of years,Intervals to group existing capacities for power
grouping_years_heat ,--,A list of years below 2020,Intervals to group existing capacities for heat
threshold_capacity ,MW,float,Capacities generators and links of below threshold are removed during add_existing_capacities
conventional_carriers ,--,"Any subset of {uranium, coal, lignite, oil} ",List of conventional power plants to include in the sectoral network
1 Unit Values Description
2 grouping_years_power -- A list of years Intervals to group existing capacities for power
3 grouping_years_heat -- A list of years below 2020 Intervals to group existing capacities for heat
4 threshold_capacity MW float Capacities generators and links of below threshold are removed during add_existing_capacities
5 conventional_carriers -- Any subset of {uranium, coal, lignite, oil} List of conventional power plants to include in the sectoral network

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,Unit,Values,Description
foresight,string,"{overnight, myopic, perfect}","See :ref:`Foresight Options` for detail explanations."
1 Unit Values Description
2 foresight string {overnight, myopic, perfect} See :ref:`Foresight Options` for detail explanations.

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,Unit,Values,Description
cutout,--,Must be 'europe-2013-era5',Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored.
carriers,--,"Any subset of {'ror', 'PHS', 'hydro'}","Specifies the types of hydro power plants to build per-unit availability time series for. 'ror' stands for run-of-river plants, 'PHS' represents pumped-hydro storage, and 'hydro' stands for hydroelectric dams."
PHS_max_hours,h,float,Maximum state of charge capacity of the pumped-hydro storage (PHS) in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom``. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
hydro_max_hours,h,"Any of {float, 'energy_capacity_totals_by_country', 'estimate_by_large_installations'}",Maximum state of charge capacity of the pumped-hydro storage (PHS) in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom`` or heuristically determined. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
flatten_dispatch,bool,"{true, false}",Consider an upper limit for the hydro dispatch. The limit is given by the average capacity factor plus the buffer given in ``flatten_dispatch_buffer``
flatten_dispatch_buffer,--,float,"If ``flatten_dispatch`` is true, specify the value added above the average capacity factor."
clip_min_inflow,MW,float,"To avoid too small values in the inflow time series, values below this threshold are set to zero."
1 Unit Values Description
2 cutout -- Must be 'europe-2013-era5' Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored.
3 carriers -- Any subset of {'ror', 'PHS', 'hydro'} Specifies the types of hydro power plants to build per-unit availability time series for. 'ror' stands for run-of-river plants, 'PHS' represents pumped-hydro storage, and 'hydro' stands for hydroelectric dams.
4 PHS_max_hours h float Maximum state of charge capacity of the pumped-hydro storage (PHS) in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom``. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
5 hydro_max_hours h Any of {float, 'energy_capacity_totals_by_country', 'estimate_by_large_installations'} Maximum state of charge capacity of the pumped-hydro storage (PHS) in terms of hours at full output capacity ``p_nom`` or heuristically determined. Cf. `PyPSA documentation <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit>`_.
6 flatten_dispatch bool {true, false} Consider an upper limit for the hydro dispatch. The limit is given by the average capacity factor plus the buffer given in ``flatten_dispatch_buffer``
7 flatten_dispatch_buffer -- float If ``flatten_dispatch`` is true, specify the value added above the average capacity factor.
8 clip_min_inflow MW float To avoid too small values in the inflow time series, values below this threshold are set to zero.

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,Unit,Values,Description
St_primary_fraction,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF). Current fraction is 0.6
DRI_fraction,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The fraction of the primary route DRI + EAF
,,,
H2_DRI,--,float,The hydrogen consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) Mwh_H2 LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in `Vogl et al (2018) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279>`_
elec_DRI,MWh/tSt,float,The electricity consumed in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft. From `HYBRIT brochure <https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf>`_
Al_primary_fraction,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap. Current fraction is 0.4
MWh_NH3_per_tNH3,LHV,float,The energy amount per ton of ammonia.
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR,--,float,The energy amount of methane needed to produce a ton of ammonia using steam methane reforming (SMR). Value derived from 2012's demand from `Center for European Policy Studies (2008) <https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf>`_
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR,--,float,"The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of ammonia using steam methane reforming (SMR). same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3"
Mwh_H2_per_tNH3 _electrolysis,--,float,"The energy amount of hydrogen needed to produce a ton of ammonia using Haber–Bosch process. From `Wang et al (2018) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017>`_, Base value assumed around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)"
Mwh_elec_per_tNH3 _electrolysis,--,float,"The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of ammonia using Haber–Bosch process. From `Wang et al (2018) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017>`_, Table 13 (air separation and HB)"
Mwh_NH3_per_MWh _H2_cracker,--,float,The energy amount of amonia needed to produce an energy amount hydrogen using ammonia cracker
NH3_process_emissions,MtCO2/a,float,The emission of ammonia production from steam methane reforming (SMR). From UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
petrochemical_process _emissions,MtCO2/a,float,The emission of petrochemical production. From UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
HVC_primary_fraction,--,float,The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced via primary route
HVC_mechanical_recycling _fraction,--,float,The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced using mechanical recycling
HVC_chemical_recycling _fraction,--,float,The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced using chemical recycling
,,,
HVC_production_today,MtHVC/a,float,"The amount of high value chemicals (HVC) produced. This includes ethylene, propylene and BTX. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Figure 16, page 107"
Mwh_elec_per_tHVC _mechanical_recycling,MWh/tHVC,float,"The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of high value chemical (HVC) using mechanical recycling. From SI of `Meys et al (2020) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010>`_, Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756."
Mwh_elec_per_tHVC _chemical_recycling,MWh/tHVC,float,"The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of high value chemical (HVC) using chemical recycling. The default value is based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking. From `Material Economics (2019) <https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/industrial-transformation-2050>`_, page 125"
,,,
chlorine_production _today,MtCl/a,float,"The amount of chlorine produced. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 7, page 43"
MWh_elec_per_tCl,MWh/tCl,float,"The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of chlorine. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 6 page 43"
MWh_H2_per_tCl,MWhH2/tCl,float,"The energy amount of hydrogen needed to produce a ton of chlorine. The value is negative since hydrogen produced in chloralkali process. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 43"
methanol_production _today,MtMeOH/a,float,"The amount of methanol produced. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 62"
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH,MWh/tMeOH,float,"The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of methanol. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 14, page 65"
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH,MWhCH4/tMeOH,float,"The energy amount of methane needed to produce a ton of methanol. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 14, page 65"
hotmaps_locate_missing,--,"{true,false}",Locate industrial sites without valid locations based on city and countries.
reference_year,year,YYYY,The year used as the baseline for industrial energy demand and production. Data extracted from `JRC-IDEES 2015 <https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/jrc-10110-10001>`_
1 Unit Values Description
2 St_primary_fraction -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF). Current fraction is 0.6
3 DRI_fraction -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The fraction of the primary route DRI + EAF
4
5 H2_DRI -- float The hydrogen consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) Mwh_H2 LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in `Vogl et al (2018) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279>`_
6 elec_DRI MWh/tSt float The electricity consumed in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft. From `HYBRIT brochure <https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf>`_
7 Al_primary_fraction -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap. Current fraction is 0.4
8 MWh_NH3_per_tNH3 LHV float The energy amount per ton of ammonia.
9 MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR -- float The energy amount of methane needed to produce a ton of ammonia using steam methane reforming (SMR). Value derived from 2012's demand from `Center for European Policy Studies (2008) <https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf>`_
10 MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR -- float The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of ammonia using steam methane reforming (SMR). same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
11 Mwh_H2_per_tNH3 _electrolysis -- float The energy amount of hydrogen needed to produce a ton of ammonia using Haber–Bosch process. From `Wang et al (2018) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017>`_, Base value assumed around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
12 Mwh_elec_per_tNH3 _electrolysis -- float The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of ammonia using Haber–Bosch process. From `Wang et al (2018) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017>`_, Table 13 (air separation and HB)
13 Mwh_NH3_per_MWh _H2_cracker -- float The energy amount of amonia needed to produce an energy amount hydrogen using ammonia cracker
14 NH3_process_emissions MtCO2/a float The emission of ammonia production from steam methane reforming (SMR). From UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
15 petrochemical_process _emissions MtCO2/a float The emission of petrochemical production. From UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
16 HVC_primary_fraction -- float The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced via primary route
17 HVC_mechanical_recycling _fraction -- float The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced using mechanical recycling
18 HVC_chemical_recycling _fraction -- float The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced using chemical recycling
19
20 HVC_production_today MtHVC/a float The amount of high value chemicals (HVC) produced. This includes ethylene, propylene and BTX. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Figure 16, page 107
21 Mwh_elec_per_tHVC _mechanical_recycling MWh/tHVC float The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of high value chemical (HVC) using mechanical recycling. From SI of `Meys et al (2020) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010>`_, Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756.
22 Mwh_elec_per_tHVC _chemical_recycling MWh/tHVC float The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of high value chemical (HVC) using chemical recycling. The default value is based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking. From `Material Economics (2019) <https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/industrial-transformation-2050>`_, page 125
23
24 chlorine_production _today MtCl/a float The amount of chlorine produced. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 7, page 43
25 MWh_elec_per_tCl MWh/tCl float The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of chlorine. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 6 page 43
26 MWh_H2_per_tCl MWhH2/tCl float The energy amount of hydrogen needed to produce a ton of chlorine. The value is negative since hydrogen produced in chloralkali process. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 43
27 methanol_production _today MtMeOH/a float The amount of methanol produced. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 62
28 MWh_elec_per_tMeOH MWh/tMeOH float The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of methanol. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 14, page 65
29 MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH MWhCH4/tMeOH float The energy amount of methane needed to produce a ton of methanol. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, Table 14, page 65
30 hotmaps_locate_missing -- {true,false} Locate industrial sites without valid locations based on city and countries.
31 reference_year year YYYY The year used as the baseline for industrial energy demand and production. Data extracted from `JRC-IDEES 2015 <https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/jrc-10110-10001>`_

3
doc/data.csv → doc/configtables/licenses-sector.csv
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@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ BASt emobility statistics,emobility/,unknown,http://www.bast.de/DE/Verkehrstechn
BDEW heating profile,heat_load_profile_BDEW.csv,unknown,https://github.com/oemof/demandlib
heating profiles for Aarhus,heat_load_profile_DK_AdamJensen.csv,unknown,Adam Jensen MA thesis at Aarhus University
George Lavidas wind/wave costs,WindWaveWEC_GLTB.xlsx,unknown,George Lavidas
country codes,Country_codes.csv,CC BY 4.0,Marta Victoria
co2 budgets,co2_budget.csv,CC BY 4.0,https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.11009
existing heating potentials,existing_infrastructure/existing_heating_raw.csv,unknown,https://ec.europa.eu/energy/studies/mapping-and-analyses-current-and-future-2020-2030-heatingcooling-fuel-deployment_en?redir=1
IRENA existing VRE capacities,existing_infrastructure/{solar|onwind|offwind}_capcity_IRENA.csv,unknown,https://www.irena.org/Statistics/Download-Data
USGS ammonia production,myb1-2017-nitro.xls,unknown,https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/nitrogen-statistics-and-information
hydrogen salt cavern potentials,h2_salt_caverns_GWh_per_sqkm.geojson,CC BY 4.0,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.161 https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201910.0187.v1
international port trade volumes,attributed_ports.json,CC BY 4.0,https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0038118/Global---International-Ports
hotmaps industrial site database,Industrial_Database.csv,CC BY 4.0,https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database
Hotmaps building stock data,data_building_stock.csv,CC BY 4.0,https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/building-stock
U-values Poland,u_values_poland.csv,unknown,https://data.europa.eu/euodp/de/data/dataset/building-stock-observatory
@ -26,4 +26,3 @@ Building topologies and corresponding standard values,tabula-calculator-calcsetb
Retrofitting thermal envelope costs for Germany,retro_cost_germany.csv,unknown,https://www.iwu.de/forschung/handlungslogiken/kosten-energierelevanter-bau-und-anlagenteile-bei-modernisierung/
District heating most countries,jrc-idees-2015/,CC BY 4.0,https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/potencia/jrc-idees,,
District heating missing countries,district_heat_share.csv,unknown,https://www.euroheat.org/knowledge-hub/country-profiles,,
Can't render this file because it has a wrong number of fields in line 27.

14
doc/configtables/licenses.csv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
"Files","BY","NC","SA","Mark Changes",Detail
"corine/*","x",,,"x",https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012?tab=metadata
"eez/*","x","x","x",,http://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php
"natura/*","x",,,,https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-10#tab-metadata
"naturalearth/*",,,,,http://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/
"NUTS_2013 _60M_SH/*","x","x",,"x",https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units
"cantons.csv","x",,"x",,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_codes_for_Switzerland
"eia_hydro_annual_generation.csv","x",,,,https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php
"GEBCO_2014_2D.nc","x",,,,https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/documents/gebco_2014_historic.pdf
"hydro_capacities.csv","x",,,,
"je-e-21.03.02.xls","x","x",,,https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/fso/swiss-federal-statistical-office/terms-of-use.html
"nama_10r_3 gdp.tsv.gz","x",,,"x",https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright
"nama_10r_3 popgdp.tsv.gz","x",,,"x",https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright
"time_series_60min _singleindex_filtered.csv","x",,,,https://data.open-power-system-data.org/time_series/2019-06-05/README.md
1 Files BY NC SA Mark Changes Detail
2 corine/* x x https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012?tab=metadata
3 eez/* x x x http://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php
4 natura/* x https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-10#tab-metadata
5 naturalearth/* http://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/
6 NUTS_2013 _60M_SH/* x x x https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units
7 cantons.csv x x https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_codes_for_Switzerland
8 eia_hydro_annual_generation.csv x https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php
9 GEBCO_2014_2D.nc x https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/documents/gebco_2014_historic.pdf
10 hydro_capacities.csv x
11 je-e-21.03.02.xls x x https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/fso/swiss-federal-statistical-office/terms-of-use.html
12 nama_10r_3 gdp.tsv.gz x x https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright
13 nama_10r_3 popgdp.tsv.gz x x https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright
14 time_series_60min _singleindex_filtered.csv x https://data.open-power-system-data.org/time_series/2019-06-05/README.md

14
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,Unit,Values,Description
types,--,"Values should specify a `line type in PyPSA <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#line-types>`_. Keys should specify the corresponding voltage level (e.g. 220., 300. and 380. kV)","Specifies line types to assume for the different voltage levels of the ENTSO-E grid extraction. Should normally handle voltage levels 220, 300, and 380 kV"
s_max_pu,--,"Value in [0.,1.]","Correction factor for line capacities (``s_nom``) to approximate :math:`N-1` security and reserve capacity for reactive power flows"
s_nom_max,MW,"float","Global upper limit for the maximum capacity of each extendable line."
max_extension,MW,"float","Upper limit for the extended capacity of each extendable line."
length_factor,--,float,"Correction factor to account for the fact that buses are *not* connected by lines through air-line distance."
under_construction,--,"One of {'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove completely, 'keep': keep with full capacity}","Specifies how to handle lines which are currently under construction."
reconnect_crimea,--,"true or false","Whether to reconnect Crimea to the Ukrainian grid"
dynamic_line_rating,,,
-- activate,bool,"true or false","Whether to take dynamic line rating into account"
-- cutout,--,"Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5.","Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored."
-- correction_factor,--,"float","Factor to compensate for overestimation of wind speeds in hourly averaged wind data"
-- max_voltage_difference,deg,"float","Maximum voltage angle difference in degrees or 'false' to disable"
-- max_line_rating,--,"float","Maximum line rating relative to nominal capacity without DLR, e.g. 1.3 or 'false' to disable"
1 Unit Values Description
2 types -- Values should specify a `line type in PyPSA <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#line-types>`_. Keys should specify the corresponding voltage level (e.g. 220., 300. and 380. kV) Specifies line types to assume for the different voltage levels of the ENTSO-E grid extraction. Should normally handle voltage levels 220, 300, and 380 kV
3 s_max_pu -- Value in [0.,1.] Correction factor for line capacities (``s_nom``) to approximate :math:`N-1` security and reserve capacity for reactive power flows
4 s_nom_max MW float Global upper limit for the maximum capacity of each extendable line.
5 max_extension MW float Upper limit for the extended capacity of each extendable line.
6 length_factor -- float Correction factor to account for the fact that buses are *not* connected by lines through air-line distance.
7 under_construction -- One of {'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove completely, 'keep': keep with full capacity} Specifies how to handle lines which are currently under construction.
8 reconnect_crimea -- true or false Whether to reconnect Crimea to the Ukrainian grid
9 dynamic_line_rating
10 -- activate bool true or false Whether to take dynamic line rating into account
11 -- cutout -- Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5. Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored.
12 -- correction_factor -- float Factor to compensate for overestimation of wind speeds in hourly averaged wind data
13 -- max_voltage_difference deg float Maximum voltage angle difference in degrees or 'false' to disable
14 -- max_line_rating -- float Maximum line rating relative to nominal capacity without DLR, e.g. 1.3 or 'false' to disable

6
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
,Unit,Values,Description
p_max_pu,--,"Value in [0.,1.]","Correction factor for link capacities ``p_nom``."
p_nom_max,MW,"float","Global upper limit for the maximum capacity of each extendable DC link."
max_extension,MW,"float","Upper limit for the extended capacity of each extendable DC link."
include_tyndp,bool,"{'true', 'false'}","Specifies whether to add HVDC link projects from the `TYNDP 2018 <https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/>`_ which are at least in permitting."
under_construction,--,"One of {'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove completely, 'keep': keep with full capacity}","Specifies how to handle lines which are currently under construction."
1 Unit Values Description
2 p_max_pu -- Value in [0.,1.] Correction factor for link capacities ``p_nom``.
3 p_nom_max MW float Global upper limit for the maximum capacity of each extendable DC link.
4 max_extension MW float Upper limit for the extended capacity of each extendable DC link.
5 include_tyndp bool {'true', 'false'} Specifies whether to add HVDC link projects from the `TYNDP 2018 <https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/tyndp2018/projects/>`_ which are at least in permitting.
6 under_construction -- One of {'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove completely, 'keep': keep with full capacity} Specifies how to handle lines which are currently under construction.

6
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
,Unit,Values,Description
power_statistics,bool,"{true, false}",Whether to load the electricity consumption data of the ENTSOE power statistics (only for files from 2019 and before) or from the ENTSOE transparency data (only has load data from 2015 onwards).
interpolate_limit,hours,integer,"Maximum gap size (consecutive nans) which interpolated linearly."
time_shift_for_large_gaps,string,string,"Periods which are used for copying time-slices in order to fill large gaps of nans. Have to be valid ``pandas`` period strings."
manual_adjustments,bool,"{true, false}","Whether to adjust the load data manually according to the function in :func:`manual_adjustment`."
scaling_factor,--,float,"Global correction factor for the load time series."
1 Unit Values Description
2 power_statistics bool {true, false} Whether to load the electricity consumption data of the ENTSOE power statistics (only for files from 2019 and before) or from the ENTSOE transparency data (only has load data from 2015 onwards).
3 interpolate_limit hours integer Maximum gap size (consecutive nans) which interpolated linearly.
4 time_shift_for_large_gaps string string Periods which are used for copying time-slices in order to fill large gaps of nans. Have to be valid ``pandas`` period strings.
5 manual_adjustments bool {true, false} Whether to adjust the load data manually according to the function in :func:`manual_adjustment`.
6 scaling_factor -- float Global correction factor for the load time series.

16
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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
,Unit,Values,Description
cutout,--,"Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5.","Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored."
resource,,,
-- method,--,"Must be 'wind'","A superordinate technology type."
-- turbine,--,"One of turbine types included in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/windturbine>`_","Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve."
capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of wind turbine placement."
correction_factor,--,float,"Correction factor for capacity factor time series."
excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."
corine,--,"Any *realistic* subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement."
natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
ship_threshold,--,float,"Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded."
max_depth,m,float,"Maximum sea water depth at which wind turbines can be build. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential."
min_shore_distance,m,float,"Minimum distance to the shore below which wind turbines cannot be build. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential."
max_shore_distance,m,float,"Maximum distance to the shore above which wind turbines cannot be build. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential."
potential,--,"One of {'simple', 'conservative'}","Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`"
clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,"To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero."
1 Unit Values Description
2 cutout -- Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5. Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored.
3 resource
4 -- method -- Must be 'wind' A superordinate technology type.
5 -- turbine -- One of turbine types included in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/windturbine>`_ Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve.
6 capacity_per_sqkm :math:`MW/km^2` float Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
7 correction_factor -- float Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
8 excluder_resolution m float Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis.
9 corine -- Any *realistic* subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_ Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
10 natura bool {true, false} Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``.
11 ship_threshold -- float Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded.
12 max_depth m float Maximum sea water depth at which wind turbines can be build. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
13 min_shore_distance m float Minimum distance to the shore below which wind turbines cannot be build. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
14 max_shore_distance m float Maximum distance to the shore above which wind turbines cannot be build. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
15 potential -- One of {'simple', 'conservative'} Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`
16 clip_p_max_pu p.u. float To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.

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,Unit,Values,Description
cutout,--,"Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5.","Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored."
resource,,,
-- method,--,"Must be 'wind'","A superordinate technology type."
-- turbine,--,"One of turbine types included in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/windturbine>`__","Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve."
capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of wind turbine placement."
correction_factor,--,float,"Correction factor for capacity factor time series."
excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."
corine,--,"Any *realistic* subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement."
natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
ship_threshold,--,float,"Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded."
max_depth,m,float,"Maximum sea water depth at which wind turbines can be build. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential."
min_shore_distance,m,float,"Minimum distance to the shore below which wind turbines cannot be build."
max_shore_distance,m,float,"Maximum distance to the shore above which wind turbines cannot be build."
potential,--,"One of {'simple', 'conservative'}","Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`"
clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,"To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero."
1 Unit Values Description
2 cutout -- Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5. Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored.
3 resource
4 -- method -- Must be 'wind' A superordinate technology type.
5 -- turbine -- One of turbine types included in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/windturbine>`__ Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve.
6 capacity_per_sqkm :math:`MW/km^2` float Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
7 correction_factor -- float Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
8 excluder_resolution m float Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis.
9 corine -- Any *realistic* subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_ Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
10 natura bool {true, false} Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``.
11 ship_threshold -- float Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded.
12 max_depth m float Maximum sea water depth at which wind turbines can be build. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
13 min_shore_distance m float Minimum distance to the shore below which wind turbines cannot be build.
14 max_shore_distance m float Maximum distance to the shore above which wind turbines cannot be build.
15 potential -- One of {'simple', 'conservative'} Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`
16 clip_p_max_pu p.u. float To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.

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,Unit,Values,Description
cutout,--,"Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5.","Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored."
resource,,,
-- method,--,"Must be 'wind'","A superordinate technology type."
-- turbine,--,"One of turbine types included in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/windturbine>`__","Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve."
capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of wind turbine placement."
corine,,,
-- grid_codes,--,"Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for wind turbine placement."
-- distance,m,float,"Distance to keep from areas specified in ``distance_grid_codes``"
-- distance_grid_codes,--,"Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes to which wind turbines must maintain a distance specified in the setting ``distance``."
natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
potential,--,"One of {'simple', 'conservative'}","Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`"
clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,"To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero."
correction_factor,--,float,"Correction factor for capacity factor time series."
excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."
1 Unit Values Description
2 cutout -- Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module must be ERA5. Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored.
3 resource
4 -- method -- Must be 'wind' A superordinate technology type.
5 -- turbine -- One of turbine types included in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/windturbine>`__ Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve.
6 capacity_per_sqkm :math:`MW/km^2` float Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
7 corine
8 -- grid_codes -- Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_ Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for wind turbine placement.
9 -- distance m float Distance to keep from areas specified in ``distance_grid_codes``
10 -- distance_grid_codes -- Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_ Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes to which wind turbines must maintain a distance specified in the setting ``distance``.
11 natura bool {true, false} Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``.
12 potential -- One of {'simple', 'conservative'} Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`
13 clip_p_max_pu p.u. float To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
14 correction_factor -- float Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
15 excluder_resolution m float Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis.

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Trigger, Description, Definition, Status
``nH``; i.e. ``2H``-``6H``, Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every ``n`` snapshots, ``prepare_network``: `average_every_nhours() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L110>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L146>`__), In active use
``nSEG``; e.g. ``4380SEG``, "Apply time series segmentation with `tsam <https://tsam.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html>`_ package to ``n`` adjacent snapshots of varying lengths based on capacity factors of varying renewables, hydro inflow and load.", ``prepare_network``: apply_time_segmentation(), In active use
``Co2L``, Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``), ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`__, In active use
``Ep``, Add cost for a carbon-dioxide price configured in ``costs: emission_prices: co2`` to ``marginal_cost`` of generators (other emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` possible as well), ``prepare_network``: `add_emission_prices() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L24>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L158>`__, In active use
``Ept``, Add monthly cost for a carbon-dioxide price based on historical values built by the rule ``build_monthly_prices``, In active use
``CCL``, Add minimum and maximum levels of generator nominal capacity per carrier for individual countries. These can be specified in the file linked at ``electricity: agg_p_nom_limits`` in the configuration. File defaults to ``data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv``., ``solve_network``, In active use
``EQ``, "Require each country or node to on average produce a minimal share of its total consumption itself. Example: ``EQ0.5c`` demands each country to produce on average at least 50% of its consumption; ``EQ0.5`` demands each node to produce on average at least 50% of its consumption.", ``solve_network``, In active use
``ATK``, "Require each node to be autarkic. Example: ``ATK`` removes all lines and links. ``ATKc`` removes all cross-border lines and links.", ``prepare_network``, In active use
``BAU``, Add a per-``carrier`` minimal overall capacity; i.e. at least ``40GW`` of ``OCGT`` in Europe; configured in ``electricity: BAU_mincapacities``, ``solve_network``: `add_opts_constraints() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/solve_network.py#L66>`__, Untested
``SAFE``, Add a capacity reserve margin of a certain fraction above the peak demand to which renewable generators and storage do *not* contribute. Ignores network., ``solve_network`` `add_opts_constraints() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/solve_network.py#L73>`__, Untested
``carrier+{c|p|m}factor``,"Alter the capital cost (``c``), installable potential (``p``) or marginal costs (``m``) of a carrier by a factor. Example: ``solar+c0.5`` reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of original values.", ``prepare_network``, In active use
``CH4L``,"Add an overall absolute gas limit. If configured in ``electricity: gaslimit`` it is given in MWh thermal, if a float is appended, the overall gaslimit is assumed to be given in TWh thermal (e.g. ``CH4L200`` limits gas dispatch to 200 TWh termal)", ``prepare_network``: ``add_gaslimit()``, In active use
Can't render this file because it has a wrong number of fields in line 6.

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,Unit,Values,Description
map,,,
-- boundaries,°,"[x1,x2,y1,y2]",Boundaries of the map plots in degrees latitude (y) and longitude (x)
costs_max,bn Euro,float,Upper y-axis limit in cost bar plots.
costs_threshold,bn Euro,float,Threshold below which technologies will not be shown in cost bar plots.
energy_max,TWh,float,Upper y-axis limit in energy bar plots.
energy_min,TWh,float,Lower y-axis limit in energy bar plots.
energy_threshold,TWh,float,Threshold below which technologies will not be shown in energy bar plots.
tech_colors,--,carrier -> HEX colour code,Mapping from network ``carrier`` to a colour (`HEX colour code <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors#Hex_triplet>`_).
nice_names,--,str -> str,Mapping from network ``carrier`` to a more readable name.
1 Unit Values Description
2 map
3 -- boundaries ° [x1,x2,y1,y2] Boundaries of the map plots in degrees latitude (y) and longitude (x)
4 costs_max bn Euro float Upper y-axis limit in cost bar plots.
5 costs_threshold bn Euro float Threshold below which technologies will not be shown in cost bar plots.
6 energy_max TWh float Upper y-axis limit in energy bar plots.
7 energy_min TWh float Lower y-axis limit in energy bar plots.
8 energy_threshold TWh float Threshold below which technologies will not be shown in energy bar plots.
9 tech_colors -- carrier -> HEX colour code Mapping from network ``carrier`` to a colour (`HEX colour code <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_colors#Hex_triplet>`_).
10 nice_names -- str -> str Mapping from network ``carrier`` to a more readable name.

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,Unit,Values,Description
name,--,"any string","Specify a name for your run. Results will be stored under this name."
disable_progrssbar,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to select whether progressbar should be disabled."
shared_resources,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to select whether resources should be shared across runs."
shared_cutouts,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to select whether cutouts should be shared across runs."
1 Unit Values Description
2 name -- any string Specify a name for your run. Results will be stored under this name.
3 disable_progrssbar bool {true, false} Switch to select whether progressbar should be disabled.
4 shared_resources bool {true, false} Switch to select whether resources should be shared across runs.
5 shared_cutouts bool {true, false} Switch to select whether cutouts should be shared across runs.

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,Unit,Values,Description
simpl,--,cf. :ref:`simpl`,"List of ``{simpl}`` wildcards to run."
clusters,--,cf. :ref:`clusters`,"List of ``{clusters}`` wildcards to run."
ll,--,cf. :ref:`ll`,"List of ``{ll}`` wildcards to run."
opts,--,cf. :ref:`opts`,"List of ``{opts}`` wildcards to run."
sector_opts,--,cf. :ref:`sector_opts`,"List of ``{sector_opts}`` wildcards to run."
planning_horizons,--,cf. :ref:`planning_horizons`,"List of ``{planning_horizon}`` wildcards to run."
1 Unit Values Description
2 simpl -- cf. :ref:`simpl` List of ``{simpl}`` wildcards to run.
3 clusters -- cf. :ref:`clusters` List of ``{clusters}`` wildcards to run.
4 ll -- cf. :ref:`ll` List of ``{ll}`` wildcards to run.
5 opts -- cf. :ref:`opts` List of ``{opts}`` wildcards to run.
6 sector_opts -- cf. :ref:`sector_opts` List of ``{sector_opts}`` wildcards to run.
7 planning_horizons -- cf. :ref:`planning_horizons` List of ``{planning_horizon}`` wildcards to run.

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Trigger, Description, Definition, Status
``nH``, i.e. ``2H``-``6H``, "Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every ``n`` snapshots, ``prepare_network``: `average_every_nhours() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L110>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L146>`__)", In active use
``Co2L``, Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``), ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`__, In active use
``carrier+{c|p|m}factor``,"Alter the capital cost (``c``), installable potential (``p``) or marginal costs (``m``) of a carrier by a factor. Example: ``solar+c0.5`` reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of original values.", ``prepare_network``, In active use
``T``,Add land transport sector,,In active use
``H``,Add heating sector,,In active use
``B``,Add biomass,,In active use
``I``,Add industry sector,,In active use
``A``,Add agriculture sector,,In active use
``dist``+``n``,Add distribution grid with investment costs of ``n`` times costs in ``data/costs_{cost_year}.csv``,,In active use
``seq``+``n``,Sets the CO2 sequestration potential to ``n`` Mt CO2 per year,,In active use
1 Trigger Description Definition Status
2 ``nH`` i.e. ``2H``-``6H`` Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every ``n`` snapshots, ``prepare_network``: `average_every_nhours() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L110>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L146>`__) In active use
3 ``Co2L`` Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``) ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`__ In active use
4 ``carrier+{c|p|m}factor`` Alter the capital cost (``c``), installable potential (``p``) or marginal costs (``m``) of a carrier by a factor. Example: ``solar+c0.5`` reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of original values. ``prepare_network`` In active use
5 ``T`` Add land transport sector In active use
6 ``H`` Add heating sector In active use
7 ``B`` Add biomass In active use
8 ``I`` Add industry sector In active use
9 ``A`` Add agriculture sector In active use
10 ``dist``+``n`` Add distribution grid with investment costs of ``n`` times costs in ``data/costs_{cost_year}.csv`` In active use
11 ``seq``+``n`` Sets the CO2 sequestration potential to ``n`` Mt CO2 per year In active use

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,Unit,Values,Description
district_heating,--,,`prepare_sector_network.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py>`_
-- potential,--,float,maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating
-- progress,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys., Increase of today's district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share. Progress = 0 means today's district heating share. Progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating
-- district_heating_loss,--,float,Share increase in district heat demand in urban central due to heat losses
cluster_heat_buses,--,"{true, false}",Cluster residential and service heat buses in `prepare_sector_network.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py>`_ to one to save memory.
,,,
bev_dsm_restriction _value,--,float,Adds a lower state of charge (SOC) limit for battery electric vehicles (BEV) to manage its own energy demand (DSM). Located in `build_transport_demand.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/build_transport_demand.py>`_. Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
bev_dsm_restriction _time,--,float,Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
transport_heating _deadband_upper,°C,float,"The maximum temperature in the vehicle. At higher temperatures, the energy required for cooling in the vehicle increases."
transport_heating _deadband_lower,°C,float,"The minimum temperature in the vehicle. At lower temperatures, the energy required for heating in the vehicle increases."
,,,
ICE_lower_degree_factor,--,float,Share increase in energy demand in internal combustion engine (ICE) for each degree difference between the cold environment and the minimum temperature.
ICE_upper_degree_factor,--,float,Share increase in energy demand in internal combustion engine (ICE) for each degree difference between the hot environment and the maximum temperature.
EV_lower_degree_factor,--,float,Share increase in energy demand in electric vehicles (EV) for each degree difference between the cold environment and the minimum temperature.
EV_upper_degree_factor,--,float,Share increase in energy demand in electric vehicles (EV) for each degree difference between the hot environment and the maximum temperature.
bev_dsm,--,"{true, false}",Add the option for battery electric vehicles (BEV) to participate in demand-side management (DSM)
,,,
bev_availability,--,float,The share for battery electric vehicles (BEV) that are able to do demand side management (DSM)
bev_energy,--,float,The average size of battery electric vehicles (BEV) in MWh
bev_charge_efficiency,--,float,Battery electric vehicles (BEV) charge and discharge efficiency
bev_plug_to_wheel _efficiency,km/kWh,float,The distance battery electric vehicles (BEV) can travel in km per kWh of energy charge in battery. Base value comes from `Tesla Model S <https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/>`_
bev_charge_rate,MWh,float,The power consumption for one electric vehicle (EV) in MWh. Value derived from 3-phase charger with 11 kW.
bev_avail_max,--,float,The maximum share plugged-in availability for passenger electric vehicles.
bev_avail_mean,--,float,The average share plugged-in availability for passenger electric vehicles.
v2g,--,"{true, false}",Allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
land_transport_fuel_cell _share,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The share of vehicles that uses fuel cells in a given year
land_transport_electric _share,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The share of vehicles that uses electric vehicles (EV) in a given year
land_transport_ice _share,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The share of vehicles that uses internal combustion engines (ICE) in a given year. What is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE.
transport_fuel_cell _efficiency,--,float,The H2 conversion efficiencies of fuel cells in transport
transport_internal _combustion_efficiency,--,float,The oil conversion efficiencies of internal combustion engine (ICE) in transport
agriculture_machinery _electric_share,--,float,The share for agricultural machinery that uses electricity
agriculture_machinery _oil_share,--,float,The share for agricultural machinery that uses oil
agriculture_machinery _fuel_efficiency,--,float,The efficiency of electric-powered machinery in the conversion of electricity to meet agricultural needs.
agriculture_machinery _electric_efficiency,--,float,The efficiency of oil-powered machinery in the conversion of oil to meet agricultural needs.
Mwh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2,LHV,float,"The energy amount of the produced methanol per energy amount of hydrogen. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 64."
MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2,LHV,float,"The energy amount of the produced methanol per ton of CO2. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 64."
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e,LHV,float,"The energy amount of the produced methanol per energy amount of electricity. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 64."
shipping_hydrogen _liquefaction,--,"{true, false}",Whether to include liquefaction costs for hydrogen demand in shipping.
,,,
shipping_hydrogen_share,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The share of ships powered by hydrogen in a given year
shipping_methanol_share,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The share of ships powered by methanol in a given year
shipping_oil_share,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,The share of ships powered by oil in a given year
shipping_methanol _efficiency,--,float,The efficiency of methanol-powered ships in the conversion of methanol to meet shipping needs (propulsion). The efficiency increase from oil can be 10-15% higher according to the `IEA <https://www.iea-amf.org/app/webroot/files/file/Annex%20Reports/AMF_Annex_56.pdf>`_
,,,
shipping_oil_efficiency,--,float,The efficiency of oil-powered ships in the conversion of oil to meet shipping needs (propulsion). Base value derived from 2011
aviation_demand_factor,--,float,The proportion of demand for aviation compared to today's consumption
HVC_demand_factor,--,float,The proportion of demand for high-value chemicals compared to today's consumption
,,,
time_dep_hp_cop,--,"{true, false}",Consider the time dependent coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump
heat_pump_sink_T,°C,float,The temperature heat sink used in heat pumps based on DTU / large area radiators. The value is conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
reduce_space_heat _exogenously,--,"{true, false}",Influence on space heating demand by a certain factor (applied before losses in district heating).
reduce_space_heat _exogenously_factor,--,Dictionary with planning horizons as keys.,"A positive factor can mean renovation or demolition of a building. If the factor is negative, it can mean an increase in floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth. The default factors are determined by the `Eurocalc Homes and buildings decarbonization scenario <http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221>`_"
retrofitting,,,
-- retro_endogen,--,"{true, false}",Add retrofitting as an endogenous system which co-optimise space heat savings.
-- cost_factor,--,float,Weight costs for building renovation
-- interest_rate,--,float,The interest rate for investment in building components
-- annualise_cost,--,"{true, false}",Annualise the investment costs of retrofitting
-- tax_weighting,--,"{true, false}",Weight the costs of retrofitting depending on taxes in countries
-- construction_index,--,"{true, false}",Weight the costs of retrofitting depending on labour/material costs per country
tes,--,"{true, false}",Add option for storing thermal energy in large water pits associated with district heating systems and individual thermal energy storage (TES)
tes_tau,,,The time constant used to calculate the decay of thermal energy in thermal energy storage (TES): 1- :math:`e^{-1/24τ}`.
-- decentral,days,float,The time constant in decentralized thermal energy storage (TES)
-- central,days,float,The time constant in centralized thermal energy storage (TES)
boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming electricity into heat using resistive heater
oil_boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming oil into heat using boilers
biomass_boiler,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming biomass into heat using boilers
chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
micro_chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for decentral areas.
solar_thermal,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using solar thermal to generate heat.
solar_cf_correction,--,float,The correction factor for the value provided by the solar thermal profile calculations
marginal_cost_storage,currency/MWh ,float,The marginal cost of discharging batteries in distributed grids
methanation,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming hydrogen and CO2 into methane using methanation.
helmeth,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming power into gas using HELMETH (Integrated High-Temperature ELectrolysis and METHanation for Effective Power to Gas Conversion)
coal_cc,--,"{true, false}",Add option for coal CHPs with carbon capture
dac,--,"{true, false}",Add option for Direct Air Capture (DAC)
co2_vent,--,"{true, false}",Add option for vent out CO2 from storages to the atmosphere.
allam_cycle,--,"{true, false}",Add option to include `Allam cycle gas power plants <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allam_power_cycle>`_
hydrogen_fuel_cell,--,"{true, false}",Add option to include hydrogen fuel cell for re-electrification. Assuming OCGT technology costs
hydrogen_turbine,--,"{true, false}",Add option to include hydrogen turbine for re-electrification. Assuming OCGT technology costs
SMR,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)
SMR CC,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and Carbon Capture (CC)
regional_co2 _sequestration_potential,,,
-- enable,--,"{true, false}",Add option for regionally-resolved geological carbon dioxide sequestration potentials based on `CO2StoP <https://setis.ec.europa.eu/european-co2-storage-database_en>`_.
-- attribute,--,string,Name of the attribute for the sequestration potential
-- include_onshore,--,"{true, false}",Add options for including onshore sequestration potentials
-- min_size,Gt ,float,Any sites with lower potential than this value will be excluded
-- max_size,Gt ,float,The maximum sequestration potential for any one site.
-- years_of_storage,years,float,The years until potential exhausted at optimised annual rate
co2_sequestration_potential,MtCO2/a,float,The potential of sequestering CO2 in Europe per year
co2_sequestration_cost,currency/tCO2,float,The cost of sequestering a ton of CO2
co2_spatial,--,"{true, false}","Add option to spatially resolve carrier representing stored carbon dioxide. This allows for more detailed modelling of CCUTS, e.g. regarding the capturing of industrial process emissions, usage as feedstock for electrofuels, transport of carbon dioxide, and geological sequestration sites."
,,,
co2network,--,"{true, false}",Add option for planning a new carbon dioxide transmission network
,,,
cc_fraction,--,float,The default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
hydrogen_underground _storage,--,"{true, false}",Add options for storing hydrogen underground. Storage potential depends regionally.
hydrogen_underground _storage_locations,,"{onshore, nearshore, offshore}","The location where hydrogen underground storage can be located. Onshore, nearshore, offshore means it must be located more than 50 km away from the sea, within 50 km of the sea, or within the sea itself respectively."
,,,
ammonia,--,"{true, false, regional}","Add ammonia as a carrrier. It can be either true (copperplated NH3), false (no NH3 carrier) or ""regional"" (regionalised NH3 without network)"
min_part_load_fischer _tropsch,per unit of p_nom ,float,The minimum unit dispatch (``p_min_pu``) for the Fischer-Tropsch process
min_part_load _methanolisation,per unit of p_nom ,float,The minimum unit dispatch (``p_min_pu``) for the methanolisation process
,,,
use_fischer_tropsch _waste_heat,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using waste heat of Fischer Tropsch in district heating networks
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using waste heat of fuel cells in district heating networks
use_electrolysis_waste _heat,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using waste heat of electrolysis in district heating networks
electricity_distribution _grid,--,"{true, false}",Add a simplified representation of the exchange capacity between transmission and distribution grid level through a link.
electricity_distribution _grid_cost_factor,,,Multiplies the investment cost of the electricity distribution grid
,,,
electricity_grid _connection,--,"{true, false}",Add the cost of electricity grid connection for onshore wind and solar
H2_network,--,"{true, false}",Add option for new hydrogen pipelines
gas_network,--,"{true, false}","Add existing natural gas infrastructure, incl. LNG terminals, production and entry-points. The existing gas network is added with a lossless transport model. A length-weighted `k-edge augmentation algorithm <https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation>`_ can be run to add new candidate gas pipelines such that all regions of the model can be connected to the gas network. When activated, all the gas demands are regionally disaggregated as well."
H2_retrofit,--,"{true, false}",Add option for retrofiting existing pipelines to transport hydrogen.
H2_retrofit_capacity _per_CH4,--,float,"The ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines. The `European Hydrogen Backbone (April, 2020) p.15 <https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020_European-Hydrogen-Backbone_Report.pdf>`_ 60% of original natural gas capacity could be used in cost-optimal case as H2 capacity."
gas_network_connectivity _upgrade ,--,float,The number of desired edge connectivity (k) in the length-weighted `k-edge augmentation algorithm <https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation>`_ used for the gas network
gas_distribution_grid,--,"{true, false}",Add a gas distribution grid
gas_distribution_grid _cost_factor,,,Multiplier for the investment cost of the gas distribution grid
,,,
biomass_spatial,--,"{true, false}",Add option for resolving biomass demand regionally
biomass_transport,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transporting solid biomass between nodes
conventional_generation,,,Add a more detailed description of conventional carriers. Any power generation requires the consumption of fuel from nodes representing that fuel.
biomass_to_liquid,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil
biosng,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas
1 Unit Values Description
2 district_heating -- `prepare_sector_network.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py>`_
3 -- potential -- float maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating
4 -- progress -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. Increase of today's district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share. Progress = 0 means today's district heating share. Progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating
5 -- district_heating_loss -- float Share increase in district heat demand in urban central due to heat losses
6 cluster_heat_buses -- {true, false} Cluster residential and service heat buses in `prepare_sector_network.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py>`_ to one to save memory.
7
8 bev_dsm_restriction _value -- float Adds a lower state of charge (SOC) limit for battery electric vehicles (BEV) to manage its own energy demand (DSM). Located in `build_transport_demand.py <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/master/scripts/build_transport_demand.py>`_. Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
9 bev_dsm_restriction _time -- float Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
10 transport_heating _deadband_upper °C float The maximum temperature in the vehicle. At higher temperatures, the energy required for cooling in the vehicle increases.
11 transport_heating _deadband_lower °C float The minimum temperature in the vehicle. At lower temperatures, the energy required for heating in the vehicle increases.
12
13 ICE_lower_degree_factor -- float Share increase in energy demand in internal combustion engine (ICE) for each degree difference between the cold environment and the minimum temperature.
14 ICE_upper_degree_factor -- float Share increase in energy demand in internal combustion engine (ICE) for each degree difference between the hot environment and the maximum temperature.
15 EV_lower_degree_factor -- float Share increase in energy demand in electric vehicles (EV) for each degree difference between the cold environment and the minimum temperature.
16 EV_upper_degree_factor -- float Share increase in energy demand in electric vehicles (EV) for each degree difference between the hot environment and the maximum temperature.
17 bev_dsm -- {true, false} Add the option for battery electric vehicles (BEV) to participate in demand-side management (DSM)
18
19 bev_availability -- float The share for battery electric vehicles (BEV) that are able to do demand side management (DSM)
20 bev_energy -- float The average size of battery electric vehicles (BEV) in MWh
21 bev_charge_efficiency -- float Battery electric vehicles (BEV) charge and discharge efficiency
22 bev_plug_to_wheel _efficiency km/kWh float The distance battery electric vehicles (BEV) can travel in km per kWh of energy charge in battery. Base value comes from `Tesla Model S <https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/>`_
23 bev_charge_rate MWh float The power consumption for one electric vehicle (EV) in MWh. Value derived from 3-phase charger with 11 kW.
24 bev_avail_max -- float The maximum share plugged-in availability for passenger electric vehicles.
25 bev_avail_mean -- float The average share plugged-in availability for passenger electric vehicles.
26 v2g -- {true, false} Allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
27 land_transport_fuel_cell _share -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The share of vehicles that uses fuel cells in a given year
28 land_transport_electric _share -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The share of vehicles that uses electric vehicles (EV) in a given year
29 land_transport_ice _share -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The share of vehicles that uses internal combustion engines (ICE) in a given year. What is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE.
30 transport_fuel_cell _efficiency -- float The H2 conversion efficiencies of fuel cells in transport
31 transport_internal _combustion_efficiency -- float The oil conversion efficiencies of internal combustion engine (ICE) in transport
32 agriculture_machinery _electric_share -- float The share for agricultural machinery that uses electricity
33 agriculture_machinery _oil_share -- float The share for agricultural machinery that uses oil
34 agriculture_machinery _fuel_efficiency -- float The efficiency of electric-powered machinery in the conversion of electricity to meet agricultural needs.
35 agriculture_machinery _electric_efficiency -- float The efficiency of oil-powered machinery in the conversion of oil to meet agricultural needs.
36 Mwh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2 LHV float The energy amount of the produced methanol per energy amount of hydrogen. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 64.
37 MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2 LHV float The energy amount of the produced methanol per ton of CO2. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 64.
38 MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e LHV float The energy amount of the produced methanol per energy amount of electricity. From `DECHEMA (2017) <https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf>`_, page 64.
39 shipping_hydrogen _liquefaction -- {true, false} Whether to include liquefaction costs for hydrogen demand in shipping.
40
41 shipping_hydrogen_share -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The share of ships powered by hydrogen in a given year
42 shipping_methanol_share -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The share of ships powered by methanol in a given year
43 shipping_oil_share -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. The share of ships powered by oil in a given year
44 shipping_methanol _efficiency -- float The efficiency of methanol-powered ships in the conversion of methanol to meet shipping needs (propulsion). The efficiency increase from oil can be 10-15% higher according to the `IEA <https://www.iea-amf.org/app/webroot/files/file/Annex%20Reports/AMF_Annex_56.pdf>`_
45
46 shipping_oil_efficiency -- float The efficiency of oil-powered ships in the conversion of oil to meet shipping needs (propulsion). Base value derived from 2011
47 aviation_demand_factor -- float The proportion of demand for aviation compared to today's consumption
48 HVC_demand_factor -- float The proportion of demand for high-value chemicals compared to today's consumption
49
50 time_dep_hp_cop -- {true, false} Consider the time dependent coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump
51 heat_pump_sink_T °C float The temperature heat sink used in heat pumps based on DTU / large area radiators. The value is conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
52 reduce_space_heat _exogenously -- {true, false} Influence on space heating demand by a certain factor (applied before losses in district heating).
53 reduce_space_heat _exogenously_factor -- Dictionary with planning horizons as keys. A positive factor can mean renovation or demolition of a building. If the factor is negative, it can mean an increase in floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth. The default factors are determined by the `Eurocalc Homes and buildings decarbonization scenario <http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221>`_
54 retrofitting
55 -- retro_endogen -- {true, false} Add retrofitting as an endogenous system which co-optimise space heat savings.
56 -- cost_factor -- float Weight costs for building renovation
57 -- interest_rate -- float The interest rate for investment in building components
58 -- annualise_cost -- {true, false} Annualise the investment costs of retrofitting
59 -- tax_weighting -- {true, false} Weight the costs of retrofitting depending on taxes in countries
60 -- construction_index -- {true, false} Weight the costs of retrofitting depending on labour/material costs per country
61 tes -- {true, false} Add option for storing thermal energy in large water pits associated with district heating systems and individual thermal energy storage (TES)
62 tes_tau The time constant used to calculate the decay of thermal energy in thermal energy storage (TES): 1- :math:`e^{-1/24τ}`.
63 -- decentral days float The time constant in decentralized thermal energy storage (TES)
64 -- central days float The time constant in centralized thermal energy storage (TES)
65 boilers -- {true, false} Add option for transforming electricity into heat using resistive heater
66 oil_boilers -- {true, false} Add option for transforming oil into heat using boilers
67 biomass_boiler -- {true, false} Add option for transforming biomass into heat using boilers
68 chp -- {true, false} Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
69 micro_chp -- {true, false} Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for decentral areas.
70 solar_thermal -- {true, false} Add option for using solar thermal to generate heat.
71 solar_cf_correction -- float The correction factor for the value provided by the solar thermal profile calculations
72 marginal_cost_storage currency/MWh float The marginal cost of discharging batteries in distributed grids
73 methanation -- {true, false} Add option for transforming hydrogen and CO2 into methane using methanation.
74 helmeth -- {true, false} Add option for transforming power into gas using HELMETH (Integrated High-Temperature ELectrolysis and METHanation for Effective Power to Gas Conversion)
75 coal_cc -- {true, false} Add option for coal CHPs with carbon capture
76 dac -- {true, false} Add option for Direct Air Capture (DAC)
77 co2_vent -- {true, false} Add option for vent out CO2 from storages to the atmosphere.
78 allam_cycle -- {true, false} Add option to include `Allam cycle gas power plants <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allam_power_cycle>`_
79 hydrogen_fuel_cell -- {true, false} Add option to include hydrogen fuel cell for re-electrification. Assuming OCGT technology costs
80 hydrogen_turbine -- {true, false} Add option to include hydrogen turbine for re-electrification. Assuming OCGT technology costs
81 SMR -- {true, false} Add option for transforming natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)
82 SMR CC -- {true, false} Add option for transforming natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and Carbon Capture (CC)
83 regional_co2 _sequestration_potential
84 -- enable -- {true, false} Add option for regionally-resolved geological carbon dioxide sequestration potentials based on `CO2StoP <https://setis.ec.europa.eu/european-co2-storage-database_en>`_.
85 -- attribute -- string Name of the attribute for the sequestration potential
86 -- include_onshore -- {true, false} Add options for including onshore sequestration potentials
87 -- min_size Gt float Any sites with lower potential than this value will be excluded
88 -- max_size Gt float The maximum sequestration potential for any one site.
89 -- years_of_storage years float The years until potential exhausted at optimised annual rate
90 co2_sequestration_potential MtCO2/a float The potential of sequestering CO2 in Europe per year
91 co2_sequestration_cost currency/tCO2 float The cost of sequestering a ton of CO2
92 co2_spatial -- {true, false} Add option to spatially resolve carrier representing stored carbon dioxide. This allows for more detailed modelling of CCUTS, e.g. regarding the capturing of industrial process emissions, usage as feedstock for electrofuels, transport of carbon dioxide, and geological sequestration sites.
93
94 co2network -- {true, false} Add option for planning a new carbon dioxide transmission network
95
96 cc_fraction -- float The default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
97 hydrogen_underground _storage -- {true, false} Add options for storing hydrogen underground. Storage potential depends regionally.
98 hydrogen_underground _storage_locations {onshore, nearshore, offshore} The location where hydrogen underground storage can be located. Onshore, nearshore, offshore means it must be located more than 50 km away from the sea, within 50 km of the sea, or within the sea itself respectively.
99
100 ammonia -- {true, false, regional} Add ammonia as a carrrier. It can be either true (copperplated NH3), false (no NH3 carrier) or "regional" (regionalised NH3 without network)
101 min_part_load_fischer _tropsch per unit of p_nom float The minimum unit dispatch (``p_min_pu``) for the Fischer-Tropsch process
102 min_part_load _methanolisation per unit of p_nom float The minimum unit dispatch (``p_min_pu``) for the methanolisation process
103
104 use_fischer_tropsch _waste_heat -- {true, false} Add option for using waste heat of Fischer Tropsch in district heating networks
105 use_fuel_cell_waste_heat -- {true, false} Add option for using waste heat of fuel cells in district heating networks
106 use_electrolysis_waste _heat -- {true, false} Add option for using waste heat of electrolysis in district heating networks
107 electricity_distribution _grid -- {true, false} Add a simplified representation of the exchange capacity between transmission and distribution grid level through a link.
108 electricity_distribution _grid_cost_factor Multiplies the investment cost of the electricity distribution grid
109
110 electricity_grid _connection -- {true, false} Add the cost of electricity grid connection for onshore wind and solar
111 H2_network -- {true, false} Add option for new hydrogen pipelines
112 gas_network -- {true, false} Add existing natural gas infrastructure, incl. LNG terminals, production and entry-points. The existing gas network is added with a lossless transport model. A length-weighted `k-edge augmentation algorithm <https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation>`_ can be run to add new candidate gas pipelines such that all regions of the model can be connected to the gas network. When activated, all the gas demands are regionally disaggregated as well.
113 H2_retrofit -- {true, false} Add option for retrofiting existing pipelines to transport hydrogen.
114 H2_retrofit_capacity _per_CH4 -- float The ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines. The `European Hydrogen Backbone (April, 2020) p.15 <https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020_European-Hydrogen-Backbone_Report.pdf>`_ 60% of original natural gas capacity could be used in cost-optimal case as H2 capacity.
115 gas_network_connectivity _upgrade -- float The number of desired edge connectivity (k) in the length-weighted `k-edge augmentation algorithm <https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation>`_ used for the gas network
116 gas_distribution_grid -- {true, false} Add a gas distribution grid
117 gas_distribution_grid _cost_factor Multiplier for the investment cost of the gas distribution grid
118
119 biomass_spatial -- {true, false} Add option for resolving biomass demand regionally
120 biomass_transport -- {true, false} Add option for transporting solid biomass between nodes
121 conventional_generation Add a more detailed description of conventional carriers. Any power generation requires the consumption of fuel from nodes representing that fuel.
122 biomass_to_liquid -- {true, false} Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil
123 biosng -- {true, false} Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas

4
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,Unit,Values,Description
start,--,"str or datetime-like; e.g. YYYY-MM-DD","Left bound of date range"
end,--,"str or datetime-like; e.g. YYYY-MM-DD","Right bound of date range"
inclusive,--,"One of {'neither', 'both', ‘left’, ‘right’}","Make the time interval closed to the ``left``, ``right``, or both sides ``both`` or neither side ``None``."
1 Unit Values Description
2 start -- str or datetime-like; e.g. YYYY-MM-DD Left bound of date range
3 end -- str or datetime-like; e.g. YYYY-MM-DD Right bound of date range
4 inclusive -- One of {'neither', 'both', ‘left’, ‘right’} Make the time interval closed to the ``left``, ``right``, or both sides ``both`` or neither side ``None``.

6
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,Unit,Values,Description
clearsky_model ,--,"{‘simple’, ‘enhanced’}",Type of clearsky model for diffuse irradiation
orientation ,--,"{units of degrees, ‘latitude_optimal’}",Panel orientation with slope and azimuth
-- azimuth,float,units of degrees,The angle between the North and the sun with panels on the local horizon
-- slope,float,units of degrees,The angle between the ground and the panels
1 Unit Values Description
2 clearsky_model -- {‘simple’, ‘enhanced’} Type of clearsky model for diffuse irradiation
3 orientation -- {units of degrees, ‘latitude_optimal’} Panel orientation with slope and azimuth
4 -- azimuth float units of degrees The angle between the North and the sun with panels on the local horizon
5 -- slope float units of degrees The angle between the ground and the panels

15
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,Unit,Values,Description
cutout,--,"Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module can be ERA5 or SARAH-2.","Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored that is specified at ``atlite/cutouts`` configuration. Both ``sarah`` and ``era5`` work."
resource,,,
-- method,--,"Must be 'pv'","A superordinate technology type."
-- panel,--,"One of {'Csi', 'CdTe', 'KANENA'} as defined in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/solarpanel>`__","Specifies the solar panel technology and its characteristic attributes."
-- orientation,,,
-- -- slope,°,"Realistically any angle in [0., 90.]","Specifies the tilt angle (or slope) of the solar panel. A slope of zero corresponds to the face of the panel aiming directly overhead. A positive tilt angle steers the panel towards the equator."
-- -- azimuth,°,"Any angle in [0., 360.]","Specifies the `azimuth <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth>`_ orientation of the solar panel. South corresponds to 180.°."
capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of solar panel placement."
correction_factor,--,float,"A correction factor for the capacity factor (availability) time series."
corine,--,"Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for solar panel placement."
natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
potential,--,"One of {'simple', 'conservative'}","Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`"
clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,"To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero."
excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."
1 Unit Values Description
2 cutout -- Should be a folder listed in the configuration ``atlite: cutouts:`` (e.g. 'europe-2013-era5') or reference an existing folder in the directory ``cutouts``. Source module can be ERA5 or SARAH-2. Specifies the directory where the relevant weather data ist stored that is specified at ``atlite/cutouts`` configuration. Both ``sarah`` and ``era5`` work.
3 resource
4 -- method -- Must be 'pv' A superordinate technology type.
5 -- panel -- One of {'Csi', 'CdTe', 'KANENA'} as defined in `atlite <https://github.com/PyPSA/atlite/tree/master/atlite/resources/solarpanel>`__ Specifies the solar panel technology and its characteristic attributes.
6 -- orientation
7 -- -- slope ° Realistically any angle in [0., 90.] Specifies the tilt angle (or slope) of the solar panel. A slope of zero corresponds to the face of the panel aiming directly overhead. A positive tilt angle steers the panel towards the equator.
8 -- -- azimuth ° Any angle in [0., 360.] Specifies the `azimuth <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth>`_ orientation of the solar panel. South corresponds to 180.°.
9 capacity_per_sqkm :math:`MW/km^2` float Allowable density of solar panel placement.
10 correction_factor -- float A correction factor for the capacity factor (availability) time series.
11 corine -- Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_ Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for solar panel placement.
12 natura bool {true, false} Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``.
13 potential -- One of {'simple', 'conservative'} Method to compute the maximal installable potential for a node; confer :ref:`renewableprofiles`
14 clip_p_max_pu p.u. float To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
15 excluder_resolution m float Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis.

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,Unit,Values,Description
options,,,
-- clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
-- load_shedding,bool/float,"{'true','false', float}","Add generators with very high marginal cost to simulate load shedding and avoid problem infeasibilities. If load shedding is a float, it denotes the marginal cost in EUR/kWh."
-- noisy_costs,bool,"{'true','false'}","Add random noise to marginal cost of generators by :math:`\mathcal{U}(0.009,0,011)` and capital cost of lines and links by :math:`\mathcal{U}(0.09,0,11)`."
-- skip_iterations,bool,"{'true','false'}","Skip iterating, do not update impedances of branches. Defaults to true."
-- rolling_horizon,bool,"{'true','false'}","Whether to optimize the network in a rolling horizon manner, where the snapshot range is split into slices of size `horizon` which are solved consecutively."
-- seed,--,int,Random seed for increased deterministic behaviour.
-- track_iterations,bool,"{'true','false'}",Flag whether to store the intermediate branch capacities and objective function values are recorded for each iteration in ``network.lines['s_nom_opt_X']`` (where ``X`` labels the iteration)
-- min_iterations,--,int,Minimum number of solving iterations in between which resistance and reactence (``x/r``) are updated for branches according to ``s_nom_opt`` of the previous run.
-- max_iterations,--,int,Maximum number of solving iterations in between which resistance and reactence (``x/r``) are updated for branches according to ``s_nom_opt`` of the previous run.
-- transmission_losses,int,[0-9],"Add piecewise linear approximation of transmission losses based on n tangents. Defaults to 0, which means losses are ignored."
-- linearized_unit_commitment,bool,"{'true','false'}",Whether to optimise using the linearized unit commitment formulation.
-- horizon,--,int,Number of snapshots to consider in each iteration. Defaults to 100.
solver,,,
-- name,--,"One of {'gurobi', 'cplex', 'cbc', 'glpk', 'ipopt'}; potentially more possible",Solver to use for optimisation problems in the workflow; e.g. clustering and linear optimal power flow.
-- options,--,Key listed under ``solver_options``.,Link to specific parameter settings.
solver_options,,dict,Dictionaries with solver-specific parameter settings.
mem,MB,int,Estimated maximum memory requirement for solving networks.
1 Unit Values Description
2 options
3 -- clip_p_max_pu p.u. float To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
4 -- load_shedding bool/float {'true','false', float} Add generators with very high marginal cost to simulate load shedding and avoid problem infeasibilities. If load shedding is a float, it denotes the marginal cost in EUR/kWh.
5 -- noisy_costs bool {'true','false'} Add random noise to marginal cost of generators by :math:`\mathcal{U}(0.009,0,011)` and capital cost of lines and links by :math:`\mathcal{U}(0.09,0,11)`.
6 -- skip_iterations bool {'true','false'} Skip iterating, do not update impedances of branches. Defaults to true.
7 -- rolling_horizon bool {'true','false'} Whether to optimize the network in a rolling horizon manner, where the snapshot range is split into slices of size `horizon` which are solved consecutively.
8 -- seed -- int Random seed for increased deterministic behaviour.
9 -- track_iterations bool {'true','false'} Flag whether to store the intermediate branch capacities and objective function values are recorded for each iteration in ``network.lines['s_nom_opt_X']`` (where ``X`` labels the iteration)
10 -- min_iterations -- int Minimum number of solving iterations in between which resistance and reactence (``x/r``) are updated for branches according to ``s_nom_opt`` of the previous run.
11 -- max_iterations -- int Maximum number of solving iterations in between which resistance and reactence (``x/r``) are updated for branches according to ``s_nom_opt`` of the previous run.
12 -- transmission_losses int [0-9] Add piecewise linear approximation of transmission losses based on n tangents. Defaults to 0, which means losses are ignored.
13 -- linearized_unit_commitment bool {'true','false'} Whether to optimise using the linearized unit commitment formulation.
14 -- horizon -- int Number of snapshots to consider in each iteration. Defaults to 100.
15 solver
16 -- name -- One of {'gurobi', 'cplex', 'cbc', 'glpk', 'ipopt'}; potentially more possible Solver to use for optimisation problems in the workflow; e.g. clustering and linear optimal power flow.
17 -- options -- Key listed under ``solver_options``. Link to specific parameter settings.
18 solver_options dict Dictionaries with solver-specific parameter settings.
19 mem MB int Estimated maximum memory requirement for solving networks.

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,Unit,Values,Description
version,--,0.x.x,Version of PyPSA-Eur. Descriptive only.
tutorial,bool,"{true, false}",Switch to retrieve the tutorial data set instead of the full data set.
logging,,,
-- level,--,"Any of {'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR'}","Restrict console outputs to all infos, warning or errors only"
-- format,--,,Custom format for log messages. See `LogRecord <https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#logging.LogRecord>`_ attributes.
private,,,
-- keys,,,
-- -- entsoe_api,--,,Optionally specify the ENTSO-E API key. See the guidelines to get `ENTSO-E API key <https://transparency.entsoe.eu/content/static_content/Static%20content/web%20api/Guide.html>`_
remote,,,
-- ssh,--,,Optionally specify the SSH of a remote cluster to be synchronized.
-- path,--,,Optionally specify the file path within the remote cluster to be synchronized.
1 Unit Values Description
2 version -- 0.x.x Version of PyPSA-Eur. Descriptive only.
3 tutorial bool {true, false} Switch to retrieve the tutorial data set instead of the full data set.
4 logging
5 -- level -- Any of {'INFO', 'WARNING', 'ERROR'} Restrict console outputs to all infos, warning or errors only
6 -- format -- Custom format for log messages. See `LogRecord <https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html#logging.LogRecord>`_ attributes.
7 private
8 -- keys
9 -- -- entsoe_api -- Optionally specify the ENTSO-E API key. See the guidelines to get `ENTSO-E API key <https://transparency.entsoe.eu/content/static_content/Static%20content/web%20api/Guide.html>`_
10 remote
11 -- ssh -- Optionally specify the SSH of a remote cluster to be synchronized.
12 -- path -- Optionally specify the file path within the remote cluster to be synchronized.

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,Unit,Values,Description
x,p.u.,float,"Series reactance (per unit, using ``s_nom`` as base power of the transformer. Overwritten if ``type`` is specified."
s_nom,MVA,float,"Limit of apparent power which can pass through branch. Overwritten if ``type`` is specified."
type,--,"A `transformer type in PyPSA <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#transformer-types>`_.","Specifies transformer types to assume for the transformers of the ENTSO-E grid extraction."
1 Unit Values Description
2 x p.u. float Series reactance (per unit, using ``s_nom`` as base power of the transformer. Overwritten if ``type`` is specified.
3 s_nom MVA float Limit of apparent power which can pass through branch. Overwritten if ``type`` is specified.
4 type -- A `transformer type in PyPSA <https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#transformer-types>`_. Specifies transformer types to assume for the transformers of the ENTSO-E grid extraction.

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..
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
.. _config:
##########################################
Configuration
##########################################
PyPSA-Eur has several configuration options which are documented in this section and are collected in a ``config/config.yaml`` file located in the root directory. Users should copy the provided default configuration (``config/config.default.yaml``) and amend their own modifications and assumptions in the user-specific configuration file (``config/config.yaml``); confer installation instructions at :ref:`defaultconfig`.
.. _toplevel_cf:
Top-level configuration
=======================
"Private" refers to local, machine-specific settings or data meant for personal use, not to be shared. "Remote" indicates the address of a server used for data exchange, often for clusters and data pushing/pulling.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: version:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/toplevel.csv
.. _run_cf:
``run``
=======
It is common conduct to analyse energy system optimisation models for **multiple scenarios** for a variety of reasons,
e.g. assessing their sensitivity towards changing the temporal and/or geographical resolution or investigating how
investment changes as more ambitious greenhouse-gas emission reduction targets are applied.
The ``run`` section is used for running and storing scenarios with different configurations which are not covered by :ref:`wildcards`. It determines the path at which resources, networks and results are stored. Therefore the user can run different configurations within the same directory. If a run with a non-empty name should use cutouts shared across runs, set ``shared_cutouts`` to `true`.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: run:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/run.csv
.. _foresight_cf:
``foresight``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: foresight:
:end-at: foresight:
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/foresight.csv
.. note::
If you use myopic or perfect foresight, the planning horizon in
:ref:`planning_horizons` in scenario has to be set.
.. _scenario:
``scenario``
============
The ``scenario`` section is an extraordinary section of the config file
that is strongly connected to the :ref:`wildcards` and is designed to
facilitate running multiple scenarios through a single command
.. code:: bash
# for electricity-only studies
snakemake -call solve_elec_networks
# for sector-coupling studies
snakemake -call solve_sector_networks
For each wildcard, a **list of values** is provided. The rule
``solve_all_elec_networks`` will trigger the rules for creating
``results/networks/elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_ec_l{ll}_{opts}.nc`` for **all
combinations** of the provided wildcard values as defined by Python's
`itertools.product(...)
<https://docs.python.org/2/library/itertools.html#itertools.product>`_ function
that snakemake's `expand(...) function
<https://snakemake.readthedocs.io/en/stable/snakefiles/rules.html#targets>`_
uses.
An exemplary dependency graph (starting from the simplification rules) then looks like this:
.. image:: img/scenarios.png
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: scenario:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/scenario.csv
.. _countries:
``countries``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: countries:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/countries.csv
.. _snapshots_cf:
``snapshots``
=============
Specifies the temporal range to build an energy system model for as arguments to `pandas.date_range <https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.date_range.html>`_
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: snapshots:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/snapshots.csv
.. _enable_cf:
``enable``
==========
Switches for some rules and optional features.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: enable:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/enable.csv
.. _CO2_budget_cf:
``co2 budget``
==============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: co2_budget:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/co2_budget.csv
.. note::
this parameter is over-ridden if ``CO2Lx`` or ``cb`` is set in
sector_opts.
.. _electricity_cf:
``electricity``
===============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: electricity:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/electricity.csv
.. _atlite_cf:
``atlite``
==========
Define and specify the ``atlite.Cutout`` used for calculating renewable potentials and time-series. All options except for ``features`` are directly used as `cutout parameters <https://atlite.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ref_api.html#cutout>`_.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: atlite:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/atlite.csv
.. _renewable_cf:
``renewable``
=============
``onwind``
----------
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: renewable:
:end-before: offwind-ac:
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/onwind.csv
.. note::
Notes on ``capacity_per_sqkm``. ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 30% fraction of the already restricted
area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public
acceptance issues.
.. note::
The default choice for corine ``grid_codes`` was based on Scholz, Y. (2012). Renewable energy based electricity supply at low costs
development of the REMix model and application for Europe. ( p.42 / p.28)
``offwind-ac``
--------------
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: offwind-ac:
:end-before: offwind-dc:
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/offwind-ac.csv
.. note::
Notes on ``capacity_per_sqkm``. ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 20% fraction of the already restricted
area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public
acceptance issues.
.. note::
Notes on ``correction_factor``. Correction due to proxy for wake losses
from 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.153
until done more rigorously in #153
``offwind-dc``
---------------
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: offwind-dc:
:end-before: solar:
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/offwind-dc.csv
.. note::
both ``offwind-ac`` and ``offwind-dc`` have the same assumption on
``capacity_per_sqkm`` and ``correction_factor``.
``solar``
---------------
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: solar:
:end-before: hydro:
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/solar.csv
.. note::
Notes on ``capacity_per_sqkm``. ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 170 MW/km^2 and assuming 1% of the area can be used for solar PV panels.
Correction factor determined by comparing uncorrected area-weighted full-load hours to those
published in Supplementary Data to Pietzcker, Robert Carl, et al. "Using the sun to decarbonize the power
sector -- The economic potential of photovoltaics and concentrating solar
power." Applied Energy 135 (2014): 704-720.
This correction factor of 0.854337 may be in order if using reanalysis data.
for discussion refer to this <issue https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues/285>
``hydro``
---------------
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: hydro:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/hydro.csv
.. _lines_cf:
``conventional``
================
Define additional generator attribute for conventional carrier types. If a
scalar value is given it is applied to all generators. However if a string
starting with "data/" is given, the value is interpreted as a path to a csv file
with country specific values. Then, the values are read in and applied to all
generators of the given carrier in the given country. Note that the value(s)
overwrite the existing values.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: conventional:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/conventional.csv
``lines``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: lines:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/lines.csv
.. _links_cf:
``links``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: links:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/links.csv
.. _transformers_cf:
``transformers``
================
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: transformers:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/transformers.csv
.. _load_cf:
``load``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-after: type:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/load.csv
.. _energy_cf:
``energy``
=======================
.. note::
Only used for sector-coupling studies.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: energy:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/energy.csv
.. _biomass_cf:
``biomass``
=======================
.. note::
Only used for sector-coupling studies.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: biomass:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/biomass.csv
The list of available biomass is given by the category in `ENSPRESO_BIOMASS <https://cidportal.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/ENSPRESO/ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.xlsx>`_, namely:
- Agricultural waste
- Manure solid, liquid
- Residues from landscape care
- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
- Sugar from sugar beet
- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
- Willow
- Poplar
- Sunflower, soya seed
- Rape seed
- Fuelwood residues
- FuelwoodRW
- C&P_RW
- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
- Sawdust
- Municipal waste
- Sludge
.. _solar_thermal_cf:
``solar_thermal``
=======================
.. note::
Only used for sector-coupling studies.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: solar_thermal:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/solar-thermal.csv
.. _existing_capacities_cf:
``existing_capacities``
=======================
.. note::
Only used for sector-coupling studies. The value for grouping years are only used in myopic or perfect foresight scenarios.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: existing_capacities:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/existing_capacities.csv
.. _sector_cf:
``sector``
=======================
.. note::
Only used for sector-coupling studies.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: sector:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/sector.csv
.. _industry_cf:
``industry``
=======================
.. note::
Only used for sector-coupling studies.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: industry:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/industry.csv
.. _costs_cf:
``costs``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: costs:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/costs.csv
.. note::
``rooftop_share:`` are based on the potentials, assuming
(0.1 kW/m2 and 10 m2/person)
.. _clustering_cf:
``clustering``
==============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: clustering:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/clustering.csv
.. note::
``feature:`` in ``simplify_network:``
are only relevant if ``hac`` were chosen in ``algorithm``.
.. tip::
use ``min`` in ``p_nom_max:`` for more `
conservative assumptions.
.. _solving_cf:
``solving``
=============
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: solving:
:end-before: # docs
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/solving.csv
.. _plotting_cf:
``plotting``
=============
.. warning::
More comprehensive documentation for this segment will be released soon.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: plotting:
.. csv-table::
:header-rows: 1
:widths: 22,7,22,33
:file: configtables/plotting.csv

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..
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
#######################
Contributing
#######################
We welcome anyone interested in contributing to this project, be it with new
ideas, suggestions, by filing bug reports or contributing code to our `GitHub
repository <https://github.com/PyPSA/PyPSA-Eur>`_.
* If you already have some code changes, you can submit them directly as a `pull request <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/pulls>`_.
* If you are wondering where we would greatly appreciate your efforts, check out the ``help wanted`` tag in the `issues list <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/issues>`_ and initiate a discussion there.
* If you start working on a feature in the code, let us know by opening an issue or a draft pull request.
This helps all of us to keep an overview on what is being done and helps to avoid a situation where we
are doing the same work twice in parallel.
For linting, formatting and checking your code contributions
against our guidelines (e.g. we use `Black <https://github.com/psf/black>`_ as code style
use `pre-commit <https://pre-commit.com/index.html>`_:
1. Installation ``mamba install -c conda-forge pre-commit`` or ``pip install pre-commit``
2. Usage:
* To automatically activate ``pre-commit`` on every ``git commit``: Run ``pre-commit install``
* To manually run it: ``pre-commit run --all``
.. note::
Note that installing ``pre-commit`` locally is not strictly necessary. If you create a Pull Request the ``pre-commit CI`` will be triggered automatically and take care of the checks.
For all code contributions we follow the four eyes principle (two person principle), i.e. all suggested code
including our own are reviewed by a second person before they are incorporated into our repository.
If you are unfamiliar with pull requests, the GitHub help pages have a nice `guide <https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-pull-requests>`_.
To ask and answer general usage questions, join the `PyPSA mailing list <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pypsa>`_.

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..
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
############################
Techno-Economic Assumptions
############################
The database of cost assumptions is retrieved from the repository
`PyPSA/technology-data <https://github.com/pypsa/technology-data>`_ and then
saved to a file ``data/costs_{year}.csv``. The ``config/config.yaml`` provides options
to choose a reference year and use a specific version of the repository.
.. literalinclude:: ../config/config.default.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: costs:
:end-at: version:
The file includes cost assumptions for all included technologies for specific
years compiled from various sources, namely for
- discount rate,
- lifetime,
- investment (CAPEX),
- fixed operation and maintenance (FOM),
- variable operation and maintenance (VOM),
- fuel costs,
- efficiency, and
- carbon-dioxide intensity.
Many values are taken from a database published by the Danish Energy Agency (`DEA
<https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data>`_).
The given overnight capital costs are annualised to net present costs
with a discount rate of :math:`r` over the economic lifetime :math:`n` using the annuity factor
.. math::
a = \frac{1-(1+r)^{-n}}{r}.
Based on the parameters above the ``marginal_cost`` and ``capital_cost`` of the
system components are automatically calculated.
Modifying Assumptions
=====================
Some cost assumptions (e.g. marginal cost and capital cost) can be directly
set in the ``config/config.yaml`` (cf. Section :ref:`costs_cf` in
:ref:`config`). To change cost assumptions in more detail, make a copy of
``data/costs_{year}.csv`` and reference the new cost file in the ``Snakefile``:
.. literalinclude:: ../Snakefile
:start-at: COSTS
:end-at: COSTS

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..
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
.. _foresight:
#####################
Foresight Options
#####################
.. _overnight:
Overnight (greenfield) scenarios
================================
The default is to calculate a rebuilding of the energy system to meet demand, a so-called overnight or greenfield approach.
In this case, the ``planning_horizons`` parameter specifies the reference year for exogenously given transition paths (e.g. the level of steel recycling).
It does not affect the year for cost and technology assumptions, which is set separately in the config.
.. code:: yaml
scenario:
planning_horizons:
- 2050
costs:
year: 2030
For running overnight scenarios, use in the ``config/config.yaml``:
.. code:: yaml
foresight: overnight
.. _perfect:
Perfect foresight scenarios
===========================
.. warning::
Perfect foresight is currently implemented as a first test version.
For running perfect foresight scenarios, you can adjust the
``config/config.perfect.yaml``:
.. code:: yaml
foresight: perfect
.. _myopic:
Myopic foresight scenarios
=============================
The myopic code can be used to investigate progressive changes in a network, for
instance, those taking place throughout a transition path. The capacities
installed in a certain time step are maintained in the network until their
operational lifetime expires.
The myopic approach was initially developed and used in the paper `Early
decarbonisation of the European Energy system pays off (2020)
<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20015-4>`__ and later further
extended in `Speed of technological transformations required in Europe to
achieve different climate goals (2022)
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016>`__. The current implementation
complies with the PyPSA-Eur-Sec standard working flow and is compatible with
using the higher resolution electricity transmission model `PyPSA-Eur
<https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur>`__ rather than a one-node-per-country
model.
The current code applies the myopic approach to generators, storage technologies
and links in the power sector. It furthermore applies it to the space and water
heating sector (e.g., the share of district heating and reduced space heat
demand), industry processes (e.g., steel, direct reduced iron, and aluminum
production via primary route), the share of fuel cell and battery electric
vehicles in land transport, and the hydrogen share in shipping (see
:doc:`supply_demand` for further information).
The following subjects within the land transport and biomass currently do not
evolve with the myopic approach:
- The percentage of electric vehicles that allow demand-side management and
vehicle-to-grid services.
- The annual biomass potential (default year and scenario for which potential is
taken is 2030, as defined in config)
.. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.myopic.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: biomass:
:end-at: year:
Configuration
--------------
For running myopic foresight transition scenarios, set in ``config/config.yaml``:
.. code:: yaml
foresight: myopic
The following options included in the ``config/config.yaml`` file are relevant for the
myopic code.
The ``{planning_horizons}`` wildcard indicates the year in which the network is
optimized. For a myopic optimization, this is equivalent to the investment year.
To set the investment years which are sequentially simulated for the myopic
investment planning, select for example:
.. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.myopic.yaml
:language: yaml
:start-at: planning_horizons:
:end-before: countries:
**existing capacities**
Grouping years indicates the bins limits for grouping the existing capacities of
different technologies. Note that separate bins are defined for the power and
heating plants due to different data sources.
``grouping_years_power: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020,
2025, 2030]``
``grouping_years_heat: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019]``
**threshold capacity**
If for a technology, node, and grouping bin, the capacity is lower than
threshold_capacity, it is ignored.
``threshold_capacity: 10``
**conventional carriers**
Conventional carriers indicate carriers used in the existing conventional
technologies.
conventional_carriers:
\- lignite
\- coal
\- oil
\- uranium
Options
--------------
The total carbon budget for the entire transition path can be indicated in the
`sector_opts
<https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/f13902510010b734c510c38c4cae99356f683058/config.default.yaml#L25>`_
in ``config/config.yaml``. The carbon budget can be split among the
``planning_horizons`` following an exponential or beta decay. E.g. ``'cb40ex0'``
splits a carbon budget equal to 40 Gt :math:`_{CO_2}` following an exponential
decay whose initial linear growth rate r is zero. They can also follow some
user-specified path, if defined `here
<https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec/blob/413254e241fb37f55b41caba7264644805ad8e97/config.default.yaml#L56>`_.
The paper `Speed of technological transformations required in Europe to achieve
different climate goals (2022) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016>`__
defines CO_2 budgets corresponding to global temperature increases (1.5C – 2C)
as response to the emissions. Here, global carbon budgets are converted to
European budgets assuming equal-per capita distribution which translates into a
6.43% share for Europe. The carbon budgets are in this paper distributed
throughout the transition paths assuming an exponential decay. Emissions e(t) in
every year t are limited by
.. math::
e(t) = e_0 (1+ (r+m)t) e^{-mt}
where r is the initial linear growth rate, which here is assumed to be r=0, and
the decay parameter m is determined by imposing the integral of the path to be
equal to the budget for Europe. Following this approach, the CO_2 budget is
defined. Following the same approach as in this paper, add the following to the
``scenario.sector_opts`` E.g. ``-cb25.7ex0`` (1.5C increase) Or ``cb73.9ex0``
(2C increase). See details in Supplemental Note S1 `Speed of technological
transformations required in Europe to achieve different climate goals (2022)
<https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.04.016>`__.
General myopic code structure
---------------------------------
The myopic code solves the network for the time steps included in
``planning_horizons`` in a recursive loop, so that:
1. The existing capacities (those installed before the base year are added as
fixed capacities with p_nom=value, p_nom_extendable=False). E.g. for
baseyear=2020, capacities installed before 2020 are added. In addition, the
network comprises additional generator, storage, and link capacities with
p_nom_extendable=True. The non-solved network is saved in
``results/run_name/networks/prenetworks-brownfield``.
The base year is the first element in ``planning_horizons``. Step 1 is
implemented with the rule add_baseyear for the base year and with the rule
add_brownfield for the remaining planning_horizons.
2. The 2020 network is optimized. The solved network is saved in
``results/run_name/networks/postnetworks``
3. For the next planning horizon, e.g. 2030, the capacities from a previous time
step are added if they are still in operation (i.e., if they fulfil planning
horizon <= commissioned year + lifetime). In addition, the network comprises
additional generator, storage, and link capacities with
p_nom_extendable=True. The non-solved network is saved in
``results/run_name/networks/prenetworks-brownfield``.
Steps 2 and 3 are solved recursively for all the planning_horizons included in
``config/config.yaml``.
Rule overview
--------------
- rule add_existing baseyear
The rule add_existing_baseyear loads the network in
‘results/run_name/networks/prenetworks’ and performs the following operations:
1. Add the conventional, wind and solar power generators that were installed
before the base year.
2. Add the heating capacities that were installed before the base year.
The existing conventional generators are retrieved from the `powerplants.csv
file
<https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/preparation/build_powerplants.html?highlight=powerplants>`__
generated by pypsa-eur which, in turn, is based on the `powerplantmatching
<https://github.com/FRESNA/powerplantmatching>`__ database.
Existing wind and solar capacities are retrieved from `IRENA annual statistics
<https://www.irena.org/Statistics/Download-Data>`__ and distributed among the
nodes in a country proportional to capacity factor. (This will be updated to
include capacity distributions closer to reality.)
Existing heating capacities are retrieved from the report `Mapping and
analyses of the current and future (2020 - 2030) heating/cooling fuel
deployment (fossil/renewables)
<https://ec.europa.eu/energy/studies/mapping-and-analyses-current-and-future-2020-2030-heatingcooling-fuel-deployment_en?redir=1>`__.
The heating capacities are assumed to have a lifetime indicated by the
parameter lifetime in the configuration file, e.g 25 years. They are assumed
to be decommissioned linearly starting on the base year, e.g., from 2020 to
2045.
Then, the resulting network is saved in
``results/run_name/networks/prenetworks-brownfield``.
- rule add_brownfield
The rule add_brownfield loads the network in
``results/run_name/networks/prenetworks`` and performs the following
operation:
1. Read the capacities optimized in the previous time step and add them to the
network if they are still in operation (i.e., if they fulfill planning
horizon < commissioned year + lifetime)
Then, the resulting network is saved in
``results/run_name/networks/prenetworks_brownfield``.

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