Make overdimensioning factor for heating systems specific to central/decentral heating (#1259)

* chore: make overdim_factor heat-system-specific

* doc: update configtables

* doc: update release notes

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* fix: read overdimensioning factor for industrial oil boilers from options

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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---------

Co-authored-by: Amos Schledorn <a.schledorn@tu-berlin.de>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Fabian Neumann <fabian.neumann@outlook.de>

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -590,7 +590,9 @@ sector:
   resistive_heaters: true
   oil_boilers: false
   biomass_boiler: true
-  overdimension_individual_heating: 1.1  #to cover demand peaks bigger than data
+  overdimension_heat_generators:
+    decentral: 1.1  #to cover demand peaks bigger than data
+    central: 1.0
   chp: true
   micro_chp: false
   solar_thermal: true

doc/configtables/sector.csv

@@ -89,7 +89,9 @@ boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming gas into heat using gas b
 resistive_heaters,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming electricity into heat using resistive heaters (independently from gas boilers)
 oil_boilers,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming oil into heat using boilers
 biomass_boiler,--,"{true, false}",Add option for transforming biomass into heat using boilers
-overdimension_individual_heating,--,float,Add option for overdimensioning individual heating systems by a certain factor. This allows them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data with a setting of 1.1.
+overdimension_heat_generators,,,Add option for overdimensioning heating systems by a certain factor. This allows them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data with a setting of 1.1.
+-- decentral,--,float,The factor for overdimensioning (increasing CAPEX) decentral heating systems
+-- central,--,float,The factor for overdimensioning (increasing CAPEX) central heating systems
 chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
 micro_chp,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for decentral areas.
 solar_thermal,--,"{true, false}",Add option for using solar thermal to generate heat.

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ Release Notes
 .. Upcoming Release
 .. ================
 
+* Made the overdimensioning factor for heating systems specific for central/decentral heating, defaults to no overdimensionining for central heating and no changes to decentral heating compared to previous version.
+
 * bugfix: The carrier of stores was silently overwritten by their bus_carrier as a side effect when building the co2 constraints
 
 * bugfix: The oil generator was incorrectly dropped when the config `oil_refining_emissions` was greater than zero. This was the default behaviour in 0.12.0.

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -1875,8 +1875,6 @@ def add_heat(n: pypsa.Network, costs: pd.DataFrame, cop: xr.DataArray):
 
     heat_demand = build_heat_demand(n)
 
-    overdim_factor = options["overdimension_individual_heating"]
-
     district_heat_info = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.district_heat_share, index_col=0)
     dist_fraction = district_heat_info["district fraction of node"]
     urban_fraction = district_heat_info["urban fraction"]
@@ -1905,6 +1903,9 @@ def add_heat(n: pypsa.Network, costs: pd.DataFrame, cop: xr.DataArray):
         HeatSystem
     ):  # this loops through all heat systems defined in _entities.HeatSystem
 
+        overdim_factor = options["overdimension_heat_generators"][
+            heat_system.central_or_decentral
+        ]
         if heat_system == HeatSystem.URBAN_CENTRAL:
             nodes = dist_fraction.index[dist_fraction > 0]
         else:
@@ -2753,7 +2754,9 @@ def add_biomass(n, costs):
                 efficiency=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"],
                 capital_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "efficiency"]
                 * costs.at["biomass boiler", "fixed"]
-                * options["overdimension_individual_heating"],
+                * options["overdimension_heat_generators"][
+                    HeatSystem(name).central_or_decentral
+                ],
                 marginal_cost=costs.at["biomass boiler", "pelletizing cost"],
                 lifetime=costs.at["biomass boiler", "lifetime"],
             )
@@ -3275,7 +3278,9 @@ def add_industry(n, costs):
                     efficiency2=costs.at["oil", "CO2 intensity"],
                     capital_cost=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "efficiency"]
                     * costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "fixed"]
-                    * options["overdimension_individual_heating"],
+                    * options["overdimension_heat_generators"][
+                        heat_system.central_or_decentral
+                    ],
                     lifetime=costs.at["decentral oil boiler", "lifetime"],
                 )