add_electricity: enable flattening hydro dispatch

config.validation: reduce crossborder caps

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ renewable:
     carriers: [ror, PHS, hydro]
     PHS_max_hours: 6
     hydro_max_hours: "energy_capacity_totals_by_country" # one of energy_capacity_totals_by_country, estimate_by_large_installations or a float
+    flatten_dispatch: false
     clip_min_inflow: 1.0
 
 # docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#conventional

config/config.validation.yaml

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ renewable:
     cutout: europe-2019-era5
   hydro:
     cutout: europe-2019-era5
+    flatten_dispatch: 0.1
 
 conventional:
   unit_commitment: true
@@ -75,12 +76,18 @@ conventional:
   nuclear:
     p_max_pu: "data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv" # float of file name
   biomass:
-    p_max_pu: 0.7
+    p_max_pu: 0.65
 
 
 load:
   power_statistics: false # only for files from <2019; set false in order to get ENTSOE transparency data
 
+
+lines:
+  s_max_pu: 0.5
+  under_construction: 'remove' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
+
+
 links:
   include_tyndp: false
 
@@ -89,9 +96,12 @@ costs:
   emission_prices: # in currency per tonne emission, only used with the option Ep
     co2: 25
 
+
+
 solving:
   #tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
   options:
     load_shedding: true
     rolling_horizon: true
     horizon: 365
+    overlap: 24

config/test/config.validation.yaml

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ conventional:
 solving:
   options:
     linearized_unit_commitment: true
-    horizon: 365
-    overlap: 24
     rolling_horizon: true
+    horizon: 389
+    overlap: 24

scripts/add_electricity.py

@@ -610,6 +610,16 @@ def attach_hydro(n, costs, ppl, profile_hydro, hydro_capacities, carriers, **par
             hydro.max_hours > 0, hydro.country.map(max_hours_country)
         ).fillna(6)
 
+        flatten_dispatch = params.get("flatten_dispatch", False)
+        if flatten_dispatch:
+            buffer = (
+                flatten_dispatch if isinstance(flatten_dispatch, (int, float)) else 0.2
+            )
+            average_capacity_factor = inflow_t[hydro.index].mean() / hydro["p_nom"]
+            p_max_pu = (average_capacity_factor + buffer).clip(upper=1)
+        else:
+            p_max_pu = 1
+
         n.madd(
             "StorageUnit",
             hydro.index,
@@ -619,7 +629,7 @@ def attach_hydro(n, costs, ppl, profile_hydro, hydro_capacities, carriers, **par
             max_hours=hydro_max_hours,
             capital_cost=costs.at["hydro", "capital_cost"],
             marginal_cost=costs.at["hydro", "marginal_cost"],
-            p_max_pu=1.0,  # dispatch
+            p_max_pu=p_max_pu,  # dispatch
             p_min_pu=0.0,  # store
             efficiency_dispatch=costs.at["hydro", "efficiency"],
             efficiency_store=0.0,