191108: Include a correctly-costed H2 network

Offers same topology to optimisation for H2 grid as that of HVAC and
HVDC grid.

Snakefile

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ rule prepare_sector_network:
         solar_thermal_rural="resources/solar_thermal_rural_{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc"
     output: config['results_dir']  +  config['run'] + '/prenetworks/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}.nc'
     threads: 1
-    resources: mem=1000
+    resources: mem=2000
     benchmark: "benchmarks/prepare_network/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}"
     script: "scripts/prepare_sector_network.py"
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ rule solve_network:
         memory="logs/" + config['run'] + "/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}_memory.log"
     benchmark: "benchmarks/solve_network/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}_{sector_opts}"
     threads: 4
-    resources: mem=50000 #memory in MB; 40 GB enough for 45+B+I; 100 GB based on RESI usage for 128
+    resources: mem=120000 #memory in MB; 40 GB enough for 45+B+I; 100 GB based on RESI usage for 128
     # group: "solve" # with group, threads is ignored https://bitbucket.org/snakemake/snakemake/issues/971/group-job-description-does-not-contain
     script: "scripts/solve_network.py"
 

config.yaml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ logging_level: INFO
 
 results_dir: 'results/'
 summary_dir: results
-run: '190807-resserv_bdew'
+run: '191108-h2_pipeline_network'
 
 scenario:
   sectors: [E] # ,E+EV,E+BEV,E+BEV+V2G] # [ E+EV, E+BEV, E+BEV+V2G ]
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ scenario:
   lv: [1.0]#, 1.125, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0]# or opt
   clusters: [50] #[90, 128, 181] #[45, 64, 90, 128, 181, 256] #, 362] # (2**np.r_[5.5:9:.5]).astype(int) minimum is 37
   opts: ['']  #for pypsa-eur
-  sector_opts: [Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I]#,Co2L0p1-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p25-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3]#,Co2L0p05-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H]   #Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-HCo2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H] #Co2L-3H,Co2L-3H-T,, LC-FL, LC-T, Ep-T, Co2L-T]
+  sector_opts: [Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0-5H-T-H-B-I]#,Co2L0p1-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p25-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p5-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p125-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p50-solar3,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar3]#,Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-onwind0p25-solar3]#,Co2L0p05-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H-B-I,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H-B-I]#[Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-H]   #Co2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p20-3H-T-HCo2L-3H-T-H,Co2L0p10-3H-T-H,Co2L0p30-3H-T-H,Co2L0p50-3H-T-H] #Co2L-3H,Co2L-3H-T,, LC-FL, LC-T, Ep-T, Co2L-T]
   # Co2L will give default (5%); Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
 
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ sector:
   'space_heating_fraction' : 1.0 #fraction of space heating active
   'retrofitting' : False
   'retroI-fraction' : 0.25
-  'retroI-fraction' : 0.55
+  'retroII-fraction' : 0.55
   'retrofitting-cost_factor' : 1.0
   'tes' : True
   'tes_tau' : 3.

data/costs.csv

@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ hydrogen storage,2030,investment,11.2,USD/kWh,budischak2013
 hydrogen storage,2030,lifetime,20,years,budischak2013
 hydrogen underground storage,2030,investment,0.5,EUR/kWh,maximum from https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46719.pdf
 hydrogen underground storage,2030,lifetime,40,years,http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Materialien/ESYS_Technologiesteckbrief_Energiespeicher.pdf
+H2 pipeline,2030,investment,267,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156
+H2 pipeline,2030,lifetime,40,years,TODO
+H2 pipeline,2030,FOM,3,%/year,TODO
 methanation,2030,investment,1000,EUR/kWH2,Schaber thesis
 methanation,2030,lifetime,25,years,Schaber thesis
 methanation,2030,FOM,3,%/year,Schaber thesis

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -522,34 +522,46 @@ def add_storage(network):
                  efficiency=costs.at["fuel cell","efficiency"],
                  capital_cost=costs.at["fuel cell","fixed"]*costs.at["fuel cell","efficiency"])  #NB: fixed cost is per MWel
 
-    network.add("Bus",
-                "EU H2",
-                carrier="H2")
-
-    #TODO Add capital costs, efficiency losses
-    network.madd("Link",
-                 nodes + " H2 pipeline",
-                 bus0=nodes + " H2",
-                 bus1="EU H2",
-                 p_min_pu=-1,
-                 p_nom_extendable=True,
-                 carrier="H2 pipeline")
-
     if options['hydrogen_underground_storage']:
         h2_capital_cost = costs.at["hydrogen underground storage","fixed"]
     else:
         h2_capital_cost = costs.at["hydrogen storage","fixed"]
 
     network.madd("Store",
-                 ["EU H2 Store"],
-                 bus="EU H2",
-                 #nodes + " H2 Store",
-                 #bus=nodes + " H2",
+                 nodes + " H2 Store",
+                 bus=nodes + " H2",
                  e_nom_extendable=True,
                  e_cyclic=True,
                  carrier="H2 Store",
                  capital_cost=h2_capital_cost)
 
+    h2_links = pd.DataFrame(columns=["bus0","bus1","length"])
+    prefix = "H2 pipeline "
+    connector = " -> "
+    attrs = ["bus0","bus1","length"]
+
+    candidates = pd.concat([n.lines[attrs],n.links.loc[n.links.carrier == "DC",attrs]])
+
+    for candidate in candidates.index:
+        buses = [candidates.at[candidate,"bus0"],candidates.at[candidate,"bus1"]]
+        buses.sort()
+        name = prefix + buses[0] + connector + buses[1]
+        if name not in h2_links.index:
+            h2_links.at[name,"bus0"] = buses[0]
+            h2_links.at[name,"bus1"] = buses[1]
+            h2_links.at[name,"length"] = candidates.at[candidate,"length"]
+
+    #TODO Add efficiency losses
+    network.madd("Link",
+                 h2_links.index,
+                 bus0=h2_links.bus0.values + " H2",
+                 bus1=h2_links.bus1.values + " H2",
+                 p_min_pu=-1,
+                 p_nom_extendable=True,
+                 length=h2_links.length.values,
+                 capital_cost=costs.at['H2 pipeline','fixed']*h2_links.length.values,
+                 carrier="H2 pipeline")
+
 
     network.add("Carrier","battery")
 
@@ -1247,6 +1259,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             input=dict(network='../pypsa-eur/networks/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc', timezone_mappings='data/timezone_mappings.csv'),
             output=['networks/{network}_s{simpl}_{clusters}_lv{lv}_{opts}.nc']
         )
+        import yaml
         with open('config.yaml') as f:
             snakemake.config = yaml.load(f)