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Emission price option `Ep reactivated (#100)

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* prepare_network: reactivate Ep option (closes #63)

* doc: update documentation on Ep option
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Fabian Neumann 2019-11-14 16:15:42 +01:00 committed by GitHub
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4 changed files with 8 additions and 23 deletions
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4
doc/configtables/costs.csv
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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ discountrate,--,float,"Default discount rate if not specified for a technology i
USD2013_to_EUR2013,--,float,"Exchange rate from USD :math:`_{2013}` to EUR :math:`_{2013}` from `ECB <https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html>`_"
capital_cost,EUR/MW,"Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``data/costs.csv``. Values can be any float.","For the given technologies, assumptions about their capital investment costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``data/costs.csv``."
marginal_cost,EUR/MWh,"Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``data/costs.csv``. Values can be any float.","For the given technologies, assumptions about their marginal operating costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``data/costs.csv``."
emission_prices,,,
-- co2,EUR/t,float,"Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity."
emission_prices,,,"Specify exogenous prices for emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` to marginal costs."
-- co2,EUR/t,float,"Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity. Added through the keyword ``Ep`` in the ``{opts}`` wildcard only in the rule :mod:`prepare_network``."
1 Unit Values Description
4 USD2013_to_EUR2013 -- float Exchange rate from USD :math:`_{2013}` to EUR :math:`_{2013}` from `ECB <https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html>`_
5 capital_cost EUR/MW Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``data/costs.csv``. Values can be any float. For the given technologies, assumptions about their capital investment costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``data/costs.csv``.
6 marginal_cost EUR/MWh Keys should be in the 'technology' column of ``data/costs.csv``. Values can be any float. For the given technologies, assumptions about their marginal operating costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from ``data/costs.csv``.
7 emission_prices Specify exogenous prices for emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` to marginal costs.
8 -- co2 EUR/t float Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity. Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity. Added through the keyword ``Ep`` in the ``{opts}`` wildcard only in the rule :mod:`prepare_network``.

4
doc/configtables/opts.csv
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
Trigger, Description, Definition, Status
``Co2L``, Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``), ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`_, In active use
``nH``; i.e. ``2H``-``6H``, Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every ``n`` snapshots, ``prepare_network``: `average_every_nhours() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L110>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L146>`_), In active use
``Co2L``, Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``), ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`_, In active use
``Ep``, Add cost for a carbon-dioxide price configured in ``costs: emission_prices: co2`` to ``marginal_cost`` of generators (other emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` possible as well), ``prepare_network``: `add_emission_prices() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L24>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L158>`_, In active use
``CCL``, Add minimum and maximum levels of generator nominal capacity per carrier for individual countries. These can be specified in the file linked at ``electricity: agg_p_nom_limits`` in the configuration. File defaults to ``data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv``., ``solve_network``, In active use
``Ep``, Add cost for a carbon-dioxide price configured in ``costs: emission_prices: co2`` to ``marginal_cost`` of generators, ``prepare_network``: `add_emission_prices() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L24>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L158>`_, Broken
``BAU``, Add a per-``carrier`` minimal overall capacity; i.e. at least ``40GW`` of ``OCGT`` in Europe; configured in ``electricity: BAU_mincapacities``, ``solve_network``: `add_opts_constraints() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/solve_network.py#L66>`_, Untested
``SAFE``, Add a capacity reserve margin of a certain fraction above the peak demand to which renewable generators and storage do *not* contribute. Ignores network., ``solve_network`` `add_opts_constraints() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/solve_network.py#L73>`_, Untested

1 Trigger Description Definition Status
``Co2L`` Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``) ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`_ In active use
2 ``nH``; i.e. ``2H``-``6H`` Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every ``n`` snapshots ``prepare_network``: `average_every_nhours() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L110>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L146>`_) In active use
3 ``Co2L`` Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in ``electricity: co2limit``. If a float is appended an overall emission limit relative to the emission level given in ``electricity: co2base`` is added (e.g. ``Co2L0.05`` limits emissisions to 5% of what is given in ``electricity: co2base``) ``prepare_network``: `add_co2limit() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L19>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L154>`_ In active use
4 ``Ep`` Add cost for a carbon-dioxide price configured in ``costs: emission_prices: co2`` to ``marginal_cost`` of generators (other emission types listed in ``network.carriers`` possible as well) ``prepare_network``: `add_emission_prices() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L24>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L158>`_ In active use
5 ``CCL`` Add minimum and maximum levels of generator nominal capacity per carrier for individual countries. These can be specified in the file linked at ``electricity: agg_p_nom_limits`` in the configuration. File defaults to ``data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv``. ``solve_network`` In active use
``Ep`` Add cost for a carbon-dioxide price configured in ``costs: emission_prices: co2`` to ``marginal_cost`` of generators ``prepare_network``: `add_emission_prices() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L24>`_ and its `caller <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/prepare_network.py#L158>`_ Broken
6 ``BAU`` Add a per-``carrier`` minimal overall capacity; i.e. at least ``40GW`` of ``OCGT`` in Europe; configured in ``electricity: BAU_mincapacities`` ``solve_network``: `add_opts_constraints() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/solve_network.py#L66>`_ Untested
7 ``SAFE`` Add a capacity reserve margin of a certain fraction above the peak demand to which renewable generators and storage do *not* contribute. Ignores network. ``solve_network`` `add_opts_constraints() <https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/blob/6b964540ed39d44079cdabddee8333f486d0cd63/scripts/solve_network.py#L73>`_ Untested

13
scripts/add_electricity.py
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@ -564,19 +564,6 @@ def estimate_renewable_capacities(n, tech_map=None):
.transform(lambda s: normed(s) * tech_capacities.at[s.name])
.where(lambda s: s>0.1, 0.)) # only capacities above 100kW
def add_co2limit(n, Nyears=1.):
n.add("GlobalConstraint", "CO2Limit",
carrier_attribute="co2_emissions", sense="<=",
constant=snakemake.config['electricity']['co2limit'] * Nyears)
def add_emission_prices(n, emission_prices=None, exclude_co2=False):
if emission_prices is None:
emission_prices = snakemake.config['costs']['emission_prices']
if exclude_co2: emission_prices.pop('co2')
ep = (pd.Series(emission_prices).rename(lambda x: x+'_emissions') * n.carriers).sum(axis=1)
n.generators['marginal_cost'] += n.generators.carrier.map(ep)
n.storage_units['marginal_cost'] += n.storage_units.carrier.map(ep)
def add_nice_carrier_names(n):
nice_names = pd.Series(snakemake.config['plotting']['nice_names'])
n.carriers['nice_names'] = nice_names[n.carriers.index]

10
scripts/prepare_network.py
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
Prepare PyPSA network for solving according to :ref:`opts` and :ref:`ll`, such as
- adding an annual **limit** of carbon-dioxide emissions,
- adding an exogenous **price** of carbon-dioxide emissions,
- adding an exogenous **price** of carbon-dioxide emissions (or other kinds),
- setting an **N-1 security margin** factor for transmission line capacities,
- specifying a limit on the **cost** of transmission expansion,
- specifying a limit on the **volume** of transmission expansion, and
@ -78,12 +78,10 @@ def add_co2limit(n, Nyears=1., factor=None):
constant=annual_emissions * Nyears)
def add_emission_prices(n, emission_prices=None, exclude_co2=False):
assert False, "Needs to be fixed, adds NAN"
if emission_prices is None:
emission_prices = snakemake.config['costs']['emission_prices']
if exclude_co2: emission_prices.pop('co2')
ep = (pd.Series(emission_prices).rename(lambda x: x+'_emissions') * n.carriers).sum(axis=1)
ep = (pd.Series(emission_prices).rename(lambda x: x+'_emissions') * n.carriers.filter(like='_emissions')).sum(axis=1)
n.generators['marginal_cost'] += n.generators.carrier.map(ep)
n.storage_units['marginal_cost'] += n.storage_units.carrier.map(ep)
@ -215,8 +213,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
else:
add_co2limit(n, Nyears)
# if 'Ep' in opts:
# add_emission_prices(n)
if 'Ep' in opts:
add_emission_prices(n)
ll_type, factor = snakemake.wildcards.ll[0], snakemake.wildcards.ll[1:]
if ll_type == 'v':