prepare sectors: allow for updating co2 network costs

Snakefile

@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ rule sync:
     shell:
         """
         rsync -uvarh --ignore-missing-args --files-from=.sync-send . {params.cluster}
+        rsync -uvarh --no-g {params.cluster}/resources . || echo "No resources directory, skipping rsync
         rsync -uvarh --no-g {params.cluster}/results . || echo "No results directory, skipping rsync"
         rsync -uvarh --no-g {params.cluster}/logs . || echo "No logs directory, skipping rsync"
         """

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -478,6 +478,7 @@ sector:
   co2_sequestration_lifetime: 50
   co2_spatial: false
   co2network: false
+  co2_network_cost_factor: 1
   cc_fraction: 0.9
   hydrogen_underground_storage: true
   hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
@@ -985,6 +986,7 @@ plotting:
     CO2 sequestration: '#f29dae'
     DAC: '#ff5270'
     co2 stored: '#f2385a'
+    co2 sequestered: '#f2682f'
     co2: '#f29dae'
     co2 vent: '#ffd4dc'
     CO2 pipeline: '#f5627f'

scripts/prepare_sector_network.py

@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ def patch_electricity_network(n):
     n.loads_t.p_set.rename(lambda x: x.strip(), axis=1, inplace=True)
 
 
-def add_co2_tracking(n, options):
+def add_co2_tracking(n, costs, options):
     # minus sign because opposite to how fossil fuels used:
     # CH4 burning puts CH4 down, atmosphere up
     n.add("Carrier", "co2", co2_emissions=-1.0)
@@ -576,6 +576,37 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, options):
         unit="t_co2",
     )
 
+    # add CO2 tanks
+    n.madd(
+        "Store",
+        spatial.co2.nodes,
+        e_nom_extendable=True,
+        capital_cost=costs.loc["CO2 storage tank"],
+        carrier="co2 stored",
+        bus=spatial.co2.nodes,
+    )
+    n.add("Carrier", "co2 stored")
+
+    # this tracks CO2 stored, e.g. underground
+    sequestration_buses = spatial.co2.nodes.str.replace(" stored", " sequestered")
+    n.madd(
+        "Bus",
+        sequestration_buses,
+        location=spatial.co2.locations,
+        carrier="co2 sequestered",
+        unit="t_co2",
+    )
+
+    n.madd(
+        "Link",
+        sequestration_buses,
+        bus0=spatial.co2.nodes,
+        bus1=sequestration_buses,
+        carrier="co2 sequestered",
+        efficiency=1.0,
+        p_nom_extendable=True,
+    )
+
     if options["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"]["enable"]:
         upper_limit = (
             options["regional_co2_sequestration_potential"]["max_size"] * 1e3
@@ -591,22 +622,22 @@ def add_co2_tracking(n, options):
             .mul(1e6)
             / annualiser
         )  # t
-        e_nom_max = e_nom_max.rename(index=lambda x: x + " co2 stored")
+        e_nom_max = e_nom_max.rename(index=lambda x: x + " co2 sequestered")
     else:
         e_nom_max = np.inf
 
     n.madd(
         "Store",
-        spatial.co2.nodes,
+        sequestration_buses,
         e_nom_extendable=True,
         e_nom_max=e_nom_max,
         capital_cost=options["co2_sequestration_cost"],
-        carrier="co2 stored",
-        bus=spatial.co2.nodes,
+        bus=sequestration_buses,
         lifetime=options["co2_sequestration_lifetime"],
+        carrier="co2 sequestered",
     )
 
-    n.add("Carrier", "co2 stored")
+    n.add("Carrier", "co2 sequestered")
 
     if options["co2_vent"]:
         n.madd(
@@ -635,6 +666,8 @@ def add_co2_network(n, costs):
         * co2_links.length
     )
     capital_cost = cost_onshore + cost_submarine
+    cost_factor = snakemake.config["sector"]["co2_network_cost_factor"]
+    capital_cost *= cost_factor
 
     n.madd(
         "Link",
@@ -3626,7 +3659,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         for carrier in conventional:
             add_carrier_buses(n, carrier)
 
-    add_co2_tracking(n, options)
+    add_co2_tracking(n, costs, options)
 
     add_generation(n, costs)
 

scripts/solve_network.py

@@ -202,10 +202,10 @@ def add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, config, limit=200):
     n.madd(
         "GlobalConstraint",
         names,
-        sense="<=",
-        constant=limit,
-        type="primary_energy",
-        carrier_attribute="co2_absorptions",
+        sense=">=",
+        constant=-limit,
+        type="operational_limit",
+        carrier_attribute="co2 sequestered",
         investment_period=periods,
     )