Merge pull request #842 from PyPSA/luisa-2

add option to use LUISA land coverage data

config/config.default.yaml

@@ -165,6 +165,10 @@ renewable:
       grid_codes: [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32]
       distance: 1000
       distance_grid_codes: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+    luisa: false
+      # grid_codes: [1111, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1130, 1210, 1221, 1222, 1230, 1241, 1242]
+      # distance: 1000
+      # distance_grid_codes: [1111, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1130, 1210, 1221, 1222, 1230, 1241, 1242]
     natura: true
     excluder_resolution: 100
     clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
@@ -177,6 +181,7 @@ renewable:
     capacity_per_sqkm: 2
     correction_factor: 0.8855
     corine: [44, 255]
+    luisa: false # [0, 5230]
     natura: true
     ship_threshold: 400
     max_depth: 50
@@ -192,6 +197,7 @@ renewable:
     capacity_per_sqkm: 2
     correction_factor: 0.8855
     corine: [44, 255]
+    luisa: false # [0, 5230]
     natura: true
     ship_threshold: 400
     max_depth: 50
@@ -209,6 +215,7 @@ renewable:
     capacity_per_sqkm: 1.7
     # correction_factor: 0.854337
     corine: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 31, 32]
+    luisa: false # [1111, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1130, 1210, 1221, 1222, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1310, 1320, 1330, 1410, 1421, 1422, 2110, 2120, 2130, 2210, 2220, 2230, 2310, 2410, 2420, 3210, 3320, 3330]
     natura: true
     excluder_resolution: 100
     clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2

doc/configtables/offwind-ac.csv

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of wind turbine place
 correction_factor,--,float,"Correction factor for capacity factor time series."
 excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."
 corine,--,"Any *realistic* subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement."
+luisa,--,"Any subset of the `LUISA Base Map codes in Annex 1 <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_","Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement."
 natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
 ship_threshold,--,float,"Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded."
 max_depth,m,float,"Maximum sea water depth at which wind turbines can be build. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential."

doc/configtables/offwind-dc.csv

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of wind turbine place
 correction_factor,--,float,"Correction factor for capacity factor time series."
 excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."
 corine,--,"Any *realistic* subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement."
+luisa,--,"Any subset of the `LUISA Base Map codes in Annex 1 <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_","Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for DC-connected offshore wind turbine placement."
 natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
 ship_threshold,--,float,"Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded."
 max_depth,m,float,"Maximum sea water depth at which wind turbines can be build. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential."

doc/configtables/onwind.csv

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ corine,,,
 -- grid_codes,--,"Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for wind turbine placement."
 -- distance,m,float,"Distance to keep from areas specified in ``distance_grid_codes``"
 -- distance_grid_codes,--,"Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes to which wind turbines must maintain a distance specified in the setting ``distance``."
+luisa,,,
+-- grid_codes,--,"Any subset of the `LUISA Base Map codes in Annex 1 <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_","Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for wind turbine placement."
+-- distance,m,float,"Distance to keep from areas specified in ``distance_grid_codes``"
+-- distance_grid_codes,--,"Any subset of the `LUISA Base Map codes in Annex 1 <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_","Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes to which wind turbines must maintain a distance specified in the setting ``distance``."
 natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
 clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,"To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero."
 correction_factor,--,float,"Correction factor for capacity factor time series."

doc/configtables/solar.csv

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ resource,,,
 capacity_per_sqkm,:math:`MW/km^2`,float,"Allowable density of solar panel placement."
 correction_factor,--,float,"A correction factor for the capacity factor (availability) time series."
 corine,--,"Any subset of the `CORINE Land Cover code list <http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2006-raster-1/corine-land-cover-classes-and/clc_legend.csv/at_download/file>`_","Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for solar panel placement."
+luisa,--,"Any subset of the `LUISA Base Map codes in Annex 1 <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_","Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for solar panel placement."
 natura,bool,"{true, false}","Switch to exclude `Natura 2000 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000>`_ natural protection areas. Area is excluded if ``true``."
 clip_p_max_pu,p.u.,float,"To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero."
 excluder_resolution,m,float,"Resolution on which to perform geographical elibility analysis."

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -96,6 +96,16 @@ Upcoming Release
 * Print Irreducible Infeasible Subset (IIS) if model is infeasible. Only for
   solvers with IIS support.
 
+* Add option to use `LUISA Base Map
+  <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC124621>`_ 50m land
+  coverage dataset for land eligibility analysis in
+  :mod:`build_renewable_profiles`. Settings are analogous to the CORINE dataset
+  but with the key ``luisa:`` in the configuration file. To leverage the
+  dataset's full advantages, set the excluder resolution to 50m
+  (``excluder_resolution: 50``). For land category codes, see `Annex 1 of the
+  technical documentation
+  <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_.
+
 **Bugs and Compatibility**
 
 * A bug preventing custom powerplants specified in ``data/custom_powerplants.csv`` was fixed. (https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur/pull/732)

rules/build_electricity.smk

@@ -268,6 +268,11 @@ rule build_renewable_profiles:
             if config["renewable"][w.technology]["natura"]
             else []
         ),
+        luisa=lambda w: (
+            "data/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif"
+            if config["renewable"][w.technology].get("luisa")
+            else []
+        ),
         gebco=ancient(
             lambda w: (
                 "data/bundle/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc"

rules/retrieve.smk

@@ -249,6 +249,22 @@ if config["enable"]["retrieve"]:
             validate_checksum(output[0], input[0])
 
 
+if config["enable"]["retrieve"]:
+
+    # Downloading LUISA Base Map for land cover and land use:
+    # Website: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/luisa
+    rule retrieve_luisa_land_cover:
+        input:
+            HTTP.remote(
+                "jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/LUISA/EUROPE/Basemaps/LandUse/2018/LATEST/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif",
+                static=True,
+            ),
+        output:
+            "data/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif",
+        run:
+            move(input[0], output[0])
+
+
 if config["enable"]["retrieve"]:
     # Some logic to find the correct file URL
     # Sometimes files are released delayed or ahead of schedule, check which file is currently available

scripts/build_renewable_profiles.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Relevant settings
 
     renewable:
         {technology}:
-            cutout: corine: grid_codes: distance: natura: max_depth:
+            cutout: corine: luisa: grid_codes: distance: natura: max_depth:
             max_shore_distance: min_shore_distance: capacity_per_sqkm:
             correction_factor: min_p_max_pu: clip_p_max_pu: resource:
 
@@ -40,11 +40,18 @@ Inputs
 - ``data/bundle/corine/g250_clc06_V18_5.tif``: `CORINE Land Cover (CLC)
   <https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover>`_ inventory on `44
   classes <https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Corine_Land_Cover#Tagging>`_ of
-  land use (e.g. forests, arable land, industrial, urban areas).
+  land use (e.g. forests, arable land, industrial, urban areas) at 100m
+  resolution.
 
     .. image:: img/corine.png
         :scale: 33 %
 
+- ``data/LUISA_basemap_020321_50m.tif``: `LUISA Base Map
+  <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC124621>`_ land
+  coverage dataset at 50m resolution similar to CORINE. For codes in relation to
+  CORINE land cover, see `Annex 1 of the technical documentation
+  <https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC124621/technical_report_luisa_basemap_2018_v7_final.pdf>`_.
+
 - ``data/bundle/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc``: A `bathymetric
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathymetry>`_ data set with a global terrain
   model for ocean and land at 15 arc-second intervals by the `General
@@ -133,9 +140,10 @@ of a combination of the available land at each grid cell and the capacity factor
 there.
 
 First the script computes how much of the technology can be installed at each
-cutout grid cell and each node using the `GLAES
-<https://github.com/FZJ-IEK3-VSA/glaes>`_ library. This uses the CORINE land use
-data, Natura2000 nature reserves and GEBCO bathymetry data.
+cutout grid cell and each node using the `atlite
+<https://github.com/pypsa/atlite>`_ library. This uses the CORINE land use data,
+LUISA land use data, Natura2000 nature reserves, GEBCO bathymetry data, and
+shipping lanes.
 
 .. image:: img/eligibility.png
     :scale: 50 %
@@ -166,10 +174,10 @@ This layout is then used to compute the generation availability time series from
 the weather data cutout from ``atlite``.
 
 The maximal installable potential for the node (`p_nom_max`) is computed by
-adding up the installable potentials of the individual grid cells.
-If the model comes close to this limit, then the time series may slightly
-overestimate production since it is assumed the geographical distribution is
-proportional to capacity factor.
+adding up the installable potentials of the individual grid cells. If the model
+comes close to this limit, then the time series may slightly overestimate
+production since it is assumed the geographical distribution is proportional to
+capacity factor.
 """
 import functools
 import logging
@@ -203,9 +211,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     correction_factor = params.get("correction_factor", 1.0)
     capacity_per_sqkm = params["capacity_per_sqkm"]
 
-    if isinstance(params.get("corine", {}), list):
-        params["corine"] = {"grid_codes": params["corine"]}
-
     if correction_factor != 1.0:
         logger.info(f"correction_factor is set as {correction_factor}")
 
@@ -231,15 +236,28 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     if params["natura"]:
         excluder.add_raster(snakemake.input.natura, nodata=0, allow_no_overlap=True)
 
-    corine = params.get("corine", {})
-    if "grid_codes" in corine:
-        codes = corine["grid_codes"]
-        excluder.add_raster(snakemake.input.corine, codes=codes, invert=True, crs=3035)
-    if corine.get("distance", 0.0) > 0.0:
-        codes = corine["distance_grid_codes"]
-        buffer = corine["distance"]
+    for dataset in ["corine", "luisa"]:
+        kwargs = {"nodata": 0} if dataset == "luisa" else {}
+        settings = params.get(dataset, {})
+        if not settings:
+            continue
+        if dataset == "luisa" and res > 50:
+            logger.info(
+                "LUISA data is available at 50m resolution, "
+                f"but coarser {res}m resolution is used."
+            )
+        if isinstance(settings, list):
+            settings = {"grid_codes": settings}
+        if "grid_codes" in settings:
+            codes = settings["grid_codes"]
             excluder.add_raster(
-            snakemake.input.corine, codes=codes, buffer=buffer, crs=3035
+                snakemake.input[dataset], codes=codes, invert=True, crs=3035, **kwargs
+            )
+        if settings.get("distance", 0.0) > 0.0:
+            codes = settings["distance_grid_codes"]
+            buffer = settings["distance"]
+            excluder.add_raster(
+                snakemake.input[dataset], codes=codes, buffer=buffer, crs=3035, **kwargs
             )
 
     if params.get("ship_threshold"):