Make transformation of Steel and Aluminum production depends on year

Previously, the transformation of the Steel and Aluminum production was assumed to occur overnight.
This commit enables the definition of a transformation path via the config.yaml file.
This requires adding the {planning_horizon} to the input and output file name of the following rules:
build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow
build_industrial_production_per_node
build_industry_energy_demand_per_node
prepare_sector_network

Snakefile

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ rule build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow:
     input:
         industrial_production_per_country="resources/industrial_production_per_country.csv"
     output:
-        industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.csv"
+        industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     threads: 1
     resources: mem_mb=1000
     script: 'scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.py'
@@ -214,9 +214,9 @@ rule build_industrial_distribution_key:
 rule build_industrial_production_per_node:
     input:
         industrial_distribution_key="resources/industrial_distribution_key_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
-        industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.csv"
+        industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     output:
-        industrial_production_per_node="resources/industrial_production_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
+        industrial_production_per_node="resources/industrial_production_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     threads: 1
     resources: mem_mb=1000
     script: 'scripts/build_industrial_production_per_node.py'
@@ -225,10 +225,10 @@ rule build_industrial_production_per_node:
 rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node:
     input:
         industry_sector_ratios="resources/industry_sector_ratios.csv",
-        industrial_production_per_node="resources/industrial_production_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
+        industrial_production_per_node="resources/industrial_production_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
         industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today="resources/industrial_energy_demand_today_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
     output:
-        industrial_energy_demand_per_node="resources/industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
+        industrial_energy_demand_per_node="resources/industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     threads: 1
     resources: mem_mb=1000
     script: 'scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node.py'
@@ -260,9 +260,9 @@ rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today:
 rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country:
     input:
         industry_sector_ratios="resources/industry_sector_ratios.csv",
-        industrial_production_per_country="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.csv"
+        industrial_production_per_country="resources/industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     output:
-        industrial_energy_demand_per_country="resources/industrial_energy_demand_per_country.csv"
+        industrial_energy_demand_per_country="resources/industrial_energy_demand_per_country_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     threads: 1
     resources: mem_mb=1000
     script: 'scripts/build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country.py'
@@ -271,9 +271,9 @@ rule build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country:
 rule build_industrial_demand:
     input:
         clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
-        industrial_demand_per_country="resources/industrial_energy_demand_per_country.csv"
+        industrial_demand_per_country="resources/industrial_energy_demand_per_country_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     output:
-        industrial_demand="resources/industrial_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"
+        industrial_demand="resources/industrial_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv"
     threads: 1
     resources: mem_mb=1000
     script: 'scripts/build_industrial_demand.py'
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ rule prepare_sector_network:
         busmap=pypsaeur("resources/busmap_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv"),
         clustered_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
         simplified_pop_layout="resources/pop_layout_elec_s{simpl}.csv",
-        industrial_demand="resources/industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.csv",
+        industrial_demand="resources/industrial_energy_demand_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}_{planning_horizons}.csv",
         heat_demand_urban="resources/heat_demand_urban_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
         heat_demand_rural="resources/heat_demand_rural_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",
         heat_demand_total="resources/heat_demand_total_elec_s{simpl}_{clusters}.nc",

config.default.yaml

@@ -230,10 +230,32 @@ solving:
   mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
 
 industry:
-  'St_primary_fraction' : 0.3 # fraction of steel produced via primary route (DRI + EAF) versus secondary route (EAF); today fraction is 0.6
+  'St_primary_fraction' : # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
+    2020: 0.6
+    2025: 0.55
+    2030: 0.5
+    2035: 0.45
+    2040: 0.4
+    2045: 0.35
+    2050: 0.3
+  'DRI_fraction' : # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
+    2020: 0
+    2025: 0
+    2030: 0.05
+    2035: 0.2
+    2040: 0.4
+    2045: 0.7
+    2050: 1
   'H2_DRI' : 1.7   #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI),  MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
   'elec_DRI' : 0.322   #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
-  'Al_primary_fraction' : 0.2 # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
+  'Al_primary_fraction' : # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
+    2020: 0.4
+    2025: 0.375
+    2030: 0.35
+    2035: 0.325
+    2040: 0.3
+    2045: 0.25
+    2050: 0.2
   'MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR' : 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
   'MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR' : 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
   'MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis' : 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)

doc/release_notes.rst

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ Future release
 ==============
 
 * Include new features here.
-The share of shipping transformed into hydrogen fuel cell can be now defined for different years in the ``config.yaml`` file. The carbon emission from the remaining share is treated as a negative load on the atmospheric carbon dioxide bus, just like aviation and land transport emissions.
+* The share of shipping transformed into hydrogen fuel cell can be now defined for different years in the ``config.yaml`` file. The carbon emission from the remaining share is treated as a negative load on the atmospheric carbon dioxide bus, just like aviation and land transport emissions.
+* The transformation of the Steel and Aluminium production can be now defined for different years in the ``config.yaml`` file.
 
 PyPSA-Eur-Sec 0.5.0 (21st May 2021)
 ===================================

scripts/build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow.py

@@ -1,23 +1,34 @@
 
 import pandas as pd
 
+def get_parameter(item):
+    """Check whether it depends on investment year"""
+    if type(item) is dict:
+        return item[investment_year]
+    else:
+        return item
+investment_year=int(snakemake.wildcards.planning_horizons[-4:])
+
 industrial_production = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.industrial_production_per_country,
                                     index_col=0)
 
 total_steel = industrial_production[["Integrated steelworks","Electric arc"]].sum(axis=1)
 
-fraction_primary_stays_primary = snakemake.config["industry"]["St_primary_fraction"]*total_steel.sum()/industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"].sum()
+St_primary_fraction=get_parameter(snakemake.config["industry"]["St_primary_fraction"])
+DRI_fraction=get_parameter(snakemake.config["industry"]["DRI_fraction"])
+fraction_primary_stays_primary = St_primary_fraction*total_steel.sum()/industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"].sum()
 
 industrial_production.insert(2, "DRI + Electric arc",
-                             fraction_primary_stays_primary*industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"])
+                             DRI_fraction*fraction_primary_stays_primary*industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"])
 
-industrial_production["Electric arc"] = total_steel - industrial_production["DRI + Electric arc"]
+industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"] = (1-DRI_fraction)*fraction_primary_stays_primary*industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"]
-industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"] = 0.
+industrial_production["Electric arc"] = total_steel - industrial_production["DRI + Electric arc"] - industrial_production["Integrated steelworks"]
 
 
+Al_primary_fraction=get_parameter(snakemake.config["industry"]["Al_primary_fraction"])
 total_aluminium = industrial_production[["Aluminium - primary production","Aluminium - secondary production"]].sum(axis=1)
 
-fraction_primary_stays_primary = snakemake.config["industry"]["Al_primary_fraction"]*total_aluminium.sum()/industrial_production["Aluminium - primary production"].sum()
+fraction_primary_stays_primary = Al_primary_fraction*total_aluminium.sum()/industrial_production["Aluminium - primary production"].sum()
 
 industrial_production["Aluminium - primary production"] = fraction_primary_stays_primary*industrial_production["Aluminium - primary production"]
 industrial_production["Aluminium - secondary production"] = total_aluminium - industrial_production["Aluminium - primary production"]