bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency:0.2#kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
bev_charge_rate:0.011#3-phase charger with 11 kW
bev_avail_max:0.95
bev_avail_mean:0.8
v2g:true#allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
#what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
land_transport_fuel_cell_share:
2020:0
2030:0.05
2040:0.1
2050:0.15
land_transport_electric_share:
2020:0
2030:0.25
2040:0.6
2050:0.85
transport_fuel_cell_efficiency:0.5
transport_internal_combustion_efficiency:0.3
agriculture_machinery_electric_share:0
agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency:0.7# fuel oil per use
agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency:0.3# electricity per use
shipping_average_efficiency:0.4#For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction:false# whether to consider liquefaction costs for shipping H2 demands
shipping_hydrogen_share:
2020:0
2025:0
2030:0.05
2035:0.15
2040:0.3
2045:0.6
2050:1
time_dep_hp_cop:true#time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
heat_pump_sink_T:55.# Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
# conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
reduce_space_heat_exogenously:true# reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
# this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
# the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor:# 0.29 # per unit reduction in space heat demand
# the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
2020:0.10# this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
2025:0.09# first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
2030:0.09
2035:0.11
2040:0.16
2045:0.21
2050:0.29
retrofitting :# co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
retro_endogen:false# co-optimise space heat savings
cost_factor:1.0# weight costs for building renovation
interest_rate:0.04# for investment in building components
annualise_cost:true# annualise the investment costs
tax_weighting:false# weight costs depending on taxes in countries
construction_index:true# weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
tes:true
tes_tau:# 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
decentral:3
central:180
boilers:true
oil_boilers:false
chp:true
micro_chp:false
solar_thermal:true
solar_cf_correction:0.788457# = >>> 1/1.2683
marginal_cost_storage:0.#1e-4
methanation:true
helmeth:true
dac:true
co2_vent:true
SMR:true
co2_sequestration_potential:200#MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
co2_sequestration_cost:10#EUR/tCO2 for sequestration of CO2
co2_network:false
cc_fraction:0.9# default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
hydrogen_underground_storage:true
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
# - onshore # more than 50 km from sea
- nearshore # within 50 km of sea
# - offshore
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat:true
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat:true
electricity_distribution_grid:true
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor:1.0#multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
electricity_grid_connection:true# only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
H2_network:true
gas_network:false
H2_retrofit:false# if set to True existing gas pipes can be retrofitted to H2 pipes
# according to hydrogen backbone strategy (April, 2020) p.15
St_primary_fraction:# 0.3 # fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF); today fraction is 0.6
2020:0.6
2025:0.55
2030:0.5
2035:0.45
2040:0.4
2045:0.35
2050:0.3
DRI_fraction:# 1 # fraction of the primary route converted to DRI + EAF
2020:0
2025:0
2030:0.05
2035:0.2
2040:0.4
2045:0.7
2050:1
H2_DRI:1.7#H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
elec_DRI:0.322#electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
Al_primary_fraction:# 0.2 # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
2020:0.4
2025:0.375
2030:0.35
2035:0.325
2040:0.3
2045:0.25
2050:0.2
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR:10.8# 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR:0.7# same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis:6.5# from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis:1.17# from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
NH3_process_emissions:24.5# in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
petrochemical_process_emissions:25.5# in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
HVC_primary_fraction:1.# fraction of today's HVC produced via primary route
HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction:0.# fraction of today's HVC produced via mechanical recycling
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction:0.# fraction of today's HVC produced via chemical recycling
HVC_production_today:52.# MtHVC/a from DECHEMA (2017), Figure 16, page 107; includes ethylene, propylene and BTX
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling:0.547# from SI of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010, Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756.
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling:6.9# Material Economics (2019), page 125; based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking
chlorine_production_today:9.58# MtCl/a from DECHEMA (2017), Table 7, page 43
