2020-12-07 15:23:25 +00:00
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.. _spatial_resolution:
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##########################################
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Spatial resolution
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##########################################
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The default nodal resolution of the model follows the electricity
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generation and transmission model `PyPSA-Eur
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<https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur>`_, which clusters down the
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electricity transmission substations in each European country based on
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the k-means algorithm. This gives nodes which correspond to major load
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and generation centres (typically cities).
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The total number of nodes for Europe is set in the ``config.yaml`` file
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under ``clusters``. The number of nodes can vary between 37, the number
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of independent countries / synchronous areas, and several
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hundred. With 200-300 nodes the model needs 100-150 GB RAM to solve
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with a commerical solver like Gurobi.
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Not all of the sectors are at the full nodal resolution, and some
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demand for some sectors is distributed to nodes using heuristics that
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need to be corrected. Some networks are copper-plated to reduce
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computational times.
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For example:
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Electricity network: nodal.
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Electricity residential and commercial demand: nodal, distributed in
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each country based on population and GDP.
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Electricity demand in industry: based on the location of industrial
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facilities from `HotMaps database <https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database>`_.
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Building heating demand: nodal, distributed in each country based on
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population.
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Industry demand: nodal, distributed in each country based on
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locations of industry from `HotMaps database <https://gitlab.com/hotmaps/industrial_sites/industrial_sites_Industrial_Database>`_.
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Hydrogen network: nodal.
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Methane network: single node for Europe, since future demand is so
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low and no bottlenecks are expected.
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Solid biomass: single node for Europe, until transport costs can be
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incorporated.
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CO2: single node for Europe, but a transport and storage cost is added for
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2021-08-06 13:51:07 +00:00
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sequestered CO2. Optionally: nodal, with CO2 transport via pipelines.
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2020-12-07 15:23:25 +00:00
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Liquid hydrocarbons: single node for Europe, since transport costs for
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liquids are low.
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