pypsa-eur/scripts/build_shapes.py

"""
Creates GIS shape files of the countries, exclusive economic zones and `NUTS3 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics>`_ areas.

Relevant Settings
-----------------

.. code:: yaml

    countries:

.. seealso:: 
    Documentation of the configuration file ``config.yaml`` at
    :ref:`toplevel_cf`

Inputs
------

- ``data/bundle/naturalearth/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp``: World country shapes

    .. image:: img/countries.png
        :scale: 33 %

- ``data/bundle/eez/World_EEZ_v8_2014.shp``: World `exclusive economic zones <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone>`_ (EEZ)

    .. image:: img/eez.png
        :scale: 33 %

- ``data/bundle/NUTS_2013_60M_SH/data/NUTS_RG_60M_2013.shp``: Europe NUTS3 regions

    .. image:: img/nuts3.png
        :scale: 33 %

- ``data/bundle/nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz``: Average annual population by NUTS3 region (`eurostat <http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nama_10r_3popgdp&lang=en>`_)
- ``data/bundle/nama_10r_3gdp.tsv.gz``: Gross domestic product (GDP) by NUTS 3 regions (`eurostat <http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nama_10r_3gdp&lang=en>`_)
- ``data/bundle/ch_cantons.csv``: Mapping between Swiss Cantons and NUTS3 regions
- ``data/bundle/je-e-21.03.02.xls``: Population and GDP data per Canton (`BFS - Swiss Federal Statistical Office <https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/news/whats-new.assetdetail.7786557.html>`_ )

Outputs
-------

- ``resources/country_shapes.geojson``: country shapes out of country selection

    .. image:: img/country_shapes.png
        :scale: 33 %

- ``resources/offshore_shapes.geojson``: EEZ shapes out of country selection

    .. image:: img/offshore_shapes.png
        :scale: 33 %

- ``resources/europe_shape.geojson``: Shape of Europe including countries and EEZ

    .. image:: img/europe_shape.png
        :scale: 33 %
        
- ``resources/nuts3_shapes.geojson``: NUTS3 shapes out of country selection
        
    .. image:: img/nuts3_shapes.png
        :scale: 33 %

Description
-----------

"""

import os
import numpy as np
from operator import attrgetter
from six.moves import reduce
from itertools import takewhile

import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd
from shapely.geometry import MultiPolygon, Polygon
from shapely.ops import cascaded_union

import pycountry as pyc

def _get_country(target, **keys):
    assert len(keys) == 1
    try:
        return getattr(pyc.countries.get(**keys), target)
    except (KeyError, AttributeError):
        return np.nan

def _simplify_polys(polys, minarea=0.1, tolerance=0.01, filterremote=True):
    if isinstance(polys, MultiPolygon):
        polys = sorted(polys, key=attrgetter('area'), reverse=True)
        mainpoly = polys[0]
        mainlength = np.sqrt(mainpoly.area/(2.*np.pi))
        if mainpoly.area > minarea:
            polys = MultiPolygon([p
                                  for p in takewhile(lambda p: p.area > minarea, polys)
                                  if not filterremote or (mainpoly.distance(p) < mainlength)])
        else:
            polys = mainpoly
    return polys.simplify(tolerance=tolerance)

def countries():
    cntries = snakemake.config['countries']
    if 'RS' in cntries: cntries.append('KV')

    df = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.naturalearth)

    # Names are a hassle in naturalearth, try several fields
    fieldnames = (df[x].where(lambda s: s!='-99') for x in ('ISO_A2', 'WB_A2', 'ADM0_A3'))
    df['name'] = reduce(lambda x,y: x.fillna(y), fieldnames, next(fieldnames)).str[0:2]

    df = df.loc[df.name.isin(cntries) & (df['scalerank'] == 0)]
    s = df.set_index('name')['geometry'].map(_simplify_polys)
    if 'RS' in cntries: s['RS'] = s['RS'].union(s.pop('KV'))

    return s

def eez(country_shapes):
    df = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.eez)
    df = df.loc[df['ISO_3digit'].isin([_get_country('alpha_3', alpha_2=c) for c in snakemake.config['countries']])]
    df['name'] = df['ISO_3digit'].map(lambda c: _get_country('alpha_2', alpha_3=c))
    s = df.set_index('name').geometry.map(lambda s: _simplify_polys(s, filterremote=False))
    s = gpd.GeoSeries({k:v for k,v in s.iteritems() if v.distance(country_shapes[k]) < 1e-3})
    s.index.name = "name"
    return s

def country_cover(country_shapes, eez_shapes=None):
    shapes = list(country_shapes)
    if eez_shapes is not None:
        shapes += list(eez_shapes)

    europe_shape = cascaded_union(shapes)
    if isinstance(europe_shape, MultiPolygon):
        europe_shape = max(europe_shape, key=attrgetter('area'))
    return Polygon(shell=europe_shape.exterior)

def nuts3(country_shapes):
    df = gpd.read_file(snakemake.input.nuts3)
    df = df.loc[df['STAT_LEVL_'] == 3]
    df['geometry'] = df['geometry'].map(_simplify_polys)
    df = df.rename(columns={'NUTS_ID': 'id'})[['id', 'geometry']].set_index('id')

    pop = pd.read_table(snakemake.input.nuts3pop, na_values=[':'], delimiter=' ?\t', engine='python')
    pop = (pop
           .set_index(pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(pop.pop('unit,geo\\time').str.split(','))).loc['THS']
           .applymap(lambda x: pd.to_numeric(x, errors='coerce'))
           .fillna(method='bfill', axis=1))['2014']

    gdp = pd.read_table(snakemake.input.nuts3gdp, na_values=[':'], delimiter=' ?\t', engine='python')
    gdp = (gdp
           .set_index(pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(gdp.pop('unit,geo\\time').str.split(','))).loc['EUR_HAB']
           .applymap(lambda x: pd.to_numeric(x, errors='coerce'))
           .fillna(method='bfill', axis=1))['2014']

    # Swiss data
    cantons = pd.read_csv(snakemake.input.ch_cantons)
    cantons = cantons.set_index(cantons['HASC'].str[3:])['NUTS']
    cantons = cantons.str.pad(5, side='right', fillchar='0')

    swiss = pd.read_excel(snakemake.input.ch_popgdp, skiprows=3, index_col=0)
    swiss.columns = swiss.columns.to_series().map(cantons)

    pop = pop.append(pd.to_numeric(swiss.loc['Residents in 1000', 'CH040':]))
    gdp = gdp.append(pd.to_numeric(swiss.loc['Gross domestic product per capita in Swiss francs', 'CH040':]))

    df = df.join(pd.DataFrame(dict(pop=pop, gdp=gdp)))

    df['country'] = df.index.to_series().str[:2].replace(dict(UK='GB', EL='GR'))

    excludenuts = pd.Index(('FRA10', 'FRA20', 'FRA30', 'FRA40', 'FRA50',
                            'PT200', 'PT300',
                            'ES707', 'ES703', 'ES704','ES705', 'ES706', 'ES708', 'ES709',
                            'FI2', 'FR9'))
    excludecountry = pd.Index(('MT', 'TR', 'LI', 'IS', 'CY', 'KV'))

    df = df.loc[df.index.difference(excludenuts)]
    df = df.loc[~df.country.isin(excludecountry)]

    manual = gpd.GeoDataFrame(
        [['BA1', 'BA', 3871.],
         ['RS1', 'RS', 7210.],
         ['AL1', 'AL', 2893.]],
        columns=['NUTS_ID', 'country', 'pop']
    ).set_index('NUTS_ID')
    manual['geometry'] = manual['country'].map(country_shapes)
    manual = manual.dropna()

    df = df.append(manual)

    df.loc['ME000', 'pop'] = 650.

    return df

def save_to_geojson(df, fn):
    if os.path.exists(fn):
        os.unlink(fn)
    if not isinstance(df, gpd.GeoDataFrame):
        df = gpd.GeoDataFrame(dict(geometry=df))
    df = df.reset_index()
    schema = {**gpd.io.file.infer_schema(df), 'geometry': 'Unknown'}
    df.to_file(fn, driver='GeoJSON', schema=schema)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Detect running outside of snakemake and mock snakemake for testing
    if 'snakemake' not in globals():
        from vresutils.snakemake import MockSnakemake, Dict
        snakemake = MockSnakemake(
            path='..',
            wildcards={},
            input=Dict(
                naturalearth='data/bundle/naturalearth/ne_10m_admin_0_countries.shp',
                eez='data/bundle/eez/World_EEZ_v8_2014.shp',
                nuts3='data/bundle/NUTS_2013_60M_SH/data/NUTS_RG_60M_2013.shp',
                nuts3pop='data/bundle/nama_10r_3popgdp.tsv.gz',
                nuts3gdp='data/bundle/nama_10r_3gdp.tsv.gz',
                ch_cantons='data/bundle/ch_cantons.csv',
                ch_popgdp='data/bundle/je-e-21.03.02.xls'
            ),
            output=Dict(
                country_shapes='resources/country_shapes.geojson',
                offshore_shapes='resource/offshore_shapes.geojson',
                europe_shape='resources/europe_shape.geojson',
                nuts3_shapes='resources/nuts3_shapes.geojson'
            )
        )

    country_shapes = countries()
    save_to_geojson(country_shapes, snakemake.output.country_shapes)

    offshore_shapes = eez(country_shapes)
    save_to_geojson(offshore_shapes, snakemake.output.offshore_shapes)

    europe_shape = country_cover(country_shapes, offshore_shapes)
    save_to_geojson(gpd.GeoSeries(europe_shape), snakemake.output.europe_shape)

    nuts3_shapes = nuts3(country_shapes)
    save_to_geojson(nuts3_shapes, snakemake.output.nuts3_shapes)