version: 0.5.0

logging_level: INFO

results_dir: results/
summary_dir: results
costs_dir: ../technology-data/outputs/
run: your-run-name  # use this to keep track of runs with different settings
foresight: overnight # options are overnight, myopic, perfect (perfect is not yet implemented)
# if you use myopic or perfect foresight, set the investment years in "planning_horizons" below

scenario:
  simpl: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
    - ''
  lv: # allowed transmission line volume expansion, can be any float >= 1.0 (today) or "opt"
    - 1.0
    - 1.5
  clusters: # number of nodes in Europe, any integer between 37 (1 node per country-zone) and several hundred
    - 45
    - 50
  opts: # only relevant for PyPSA-Eur
    - ''
  sector_opts: # this is where the main scenario settings are
    - Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-solar+p3-dist1
  # to really understand the options here, look in scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
  # Co2Lx specifies the CO2 target in x% of the 1990 values; default will give default (5%);
  # Co2L0p25 will give 25% CO2 emissions; Co2Lm0p05 will give 5% negative emissions
  # xH is the temporal resolution; 3H is 3-hourly, i.e. one snapshot every 3 hours
  # single letters are sectors: T for land transport, H for building heating,
  # B for biomass supply, I for industry, shipping and aviation
  # solar+c0.5 reduces the capital cost of solar to 50\% of reference value
  # solar+p3 multiplies the available installable potential by factor 3
  # dist{n} includes distribution grids with investment cost of n times cost in data/costs.csv
  # for myopic/perfect foresight cb states the carbon budget in GtCO2 (cumulative
  # emissions throughout the transition path in the timeframe determined by the
  # planning_horizons), be:beta decay; ex:exponential decay
  # cb40ex0 distributes a carbon budget of 40 GtCO2 following an exponential
  # decay with initial growth rate 0
  planning_horizons: # investment years for myopic and perfect; or costs year for overnight
    - 2030
  # for example, set to [2020, 2030, 2040, 2050] for myopic foresight

# CO2 budget as a fraction of 1990 emissions
# this is over-ridden if CO2Lx is set in sector_opts
# this is also over-ridden if cb is set in sector_opts
co2_budget:
  2020: 0.7011648746
  2025: 0.5241935484
  2030: 0.2970430108
  2035: 0.1500896057
  2040: 0.0712365591
  2045: 0.0322580645
  2050: 0

# snapshots are originally set in PyPSA-Eur/config.yaml but used again by PyPSA-Eur-Sec
snapshots:
  # arguments to pd.date_range
  start: "2013-01-01"
  end: "2014-01-01"
  closed: left # end is not inclusive

atlite:
  cutout: ../pypsa-eur/cutouts/europe-2013-era5.nc

# this information is NOT used but needed as an argument for
# pypsa-eur/scripts/add_electricity.py/load_costs in make_summary.py
electricity:
  max_hours:
    battery: 6
    H2: 168

# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
# or have different year-dependent costs in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
pypsa_eur:
  Bus:
    - AC
  Link:
    - DC
  Generator:
    - onwind
    - offwind-ac
    - offwind-dc
    - solar
    - ror
  StorageUnit:
    - PHS
    - hydro
  Store: []


energy:
  energy_totals_year: 2011
  base_emissions_year: 1990
  eurostat_report_year: 2016
  emissions: CO2 # "CO2" or "All greenhouse gases - (CO2 equivalent)"

biomass:
  year: 2030
  scenario: Med
  classes:
    solid biomass:
      - Primary agricultural residues
      - Forestry energy residue
      - Secondary forestry residues
      - Secondary Forestry residues sawdust
      - Forestry residues from landscape care biomass
      - Municipal waste
    not included:
      - Bioethanol sugar beet biomass
      - Rapeseeds for biodiesel
      - sunflower and soya for Biodiesel
      - Starchy crops biomass
      - Grassy crops biomass
      - Willow biomass
      - Poplar biomass potential
      - Roundwood fuelwood
      - Roundwood Chips & Pellets
    biogas:
      - Manure biomass potential
      - Sludge biomass


solar_thermal:
  clearsky_model: simple  # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
  orientation:
    slope: 45.
    azimuth: 180.

# only relevant for foresight = myopic or perfect
existing_capacities:
  grouping_years: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019]
  threshold_capacity: 10
  conventional_carriers:
    - lignite
    - coal
    - oil
    - uranium


sector:
  central: true
  central_fraction: 0.6
  bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75  #Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM
  bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7  #Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value
  transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
  transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
  ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375  #in per cent increase in fuel consumption per degree above deadband
  ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
  EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
  EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
  district_heating_loss: 0.15
  bev_dsm: true #turns on EV battery
  bev_availability: 0.5  #How many cars do smart charging
  bev_energy: 0.05  #average battery size in MWh
  bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9  #BEV (dis-)charging efficiency
  bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2 #kWh/km from EPA https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ for Tesla Model S
  bev_charge_rate: 0.011 #3-phase charger with 11 kW
  bev_avail_max: 0.95
  bev_avail_mean: 0.8
  v2g: true #allows feed-in to grid from EV battery
  #what is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE
  land_transport_fuel_cell_share: # 1 means all FCEVs
    2020: 0
    2030: 0.05
    2040: 0.1
    2050: 0.15
  land_transport_electric_share: # 1 means all EVs
    2020: 0
    2030: 0.25
    2040: 0.6
    2050: 0.85
  transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
  transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
  shipping_average_efficiency: 0.4 #For conversion of fuel oil to propulsion in 2011
  time_dep_hp_cop: true #time dependent heat pump coefficient of performance
  heat_pump_sink_T: 55. # Celsius, based on DTU / large area radiators; used in build_cop_profiles.py
   # conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings
  reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true  # reduces space heat demand by a given factor (applied before losses in DH)
  # this can represent e.g. building renovation, building demolition, or if
  # the factor is negative: increasing floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth
  reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor: # per unit reduction in space heat demand
  # the default factors are determined by the LTS scenario from http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221
    2020: 0.10  # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
    2025: 0.09  # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
    2030: 0.09
    2035: 0.11
    2040: 0.16
    2045: 0.21
    2050: 0.29
  retrofitting :  # co-optimises building renovation to reduce space heat demand
    retro_endogen: false  # co-optimise space heat savings
    cost_factor: 1.0   # weight costs for building renovation
    interest_rate: 0.04  # for investment in building components
    annualise_cost: true  # annualise the investment costs
    tax_weighting: false   # weight costs depending on taxes in countries
    construction_index: true   # weight costs depending on labour/material costs per country
  tes: true
  tes_tau: # 180 day time constant for centralised, 3 day for decentralised
    decentral: 3
    central: 180
  boilers: true
  oil_boilers: false
  chp: true
  micro_chp: false
  solar_thermal: true
  solar_cf_correction: 0.788457  # =  >>> 1/1.2683
  marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
  methanation: true
  helmeth: true
  dac: true
  co2_vent: true
  SMR: true
  co2_sequestration_potential: 200  #MtCO2/a sequestration potential for Europe
  co2_sequestration_cost: 20   #EUR/tCO2 for transport and sequestration of CO2
  cc_fraction: 0.9  # default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture
  hydrogen_underground_storage: true
  use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
  use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
  electricity_distribution_grid: false
  electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0  #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
  electricity_grid_connection: true  # only applies to onshore wind and utility PV
  gas_network: true
  H2_retrofit: true  # if set to True existing gas pipes can be retrofitted to H2 pipes
  H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4: 0.6  # ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines
  gas_distribution_grid: true
  gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0  #multiplies cost in data/costs.csv
  conventional_generation: # generator : carrier
    OCGT: gas


industry:
  St_primary_fraction: 0.3 # fraction of steel produced via primary route (DRI + EAF) versus secondary route (EAF); today fraction is 0.6
  H2_DRI: 1.7   #H2 consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI),  MWh_H2,LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in Vogl et al (2018) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279
  elec_DRI: 0.322   #electricity consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft, MWh/tSt HYBRIT brochure https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf
  Al_primary_fraction: 0.2 # fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap; today fraction is 0.4
  MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8 # 2012's demand from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
  MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7 # same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3
  MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 6.5 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017, around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy)
  MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 1.17 # from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017 Table 13 (air separation and HB)
  NH3_process_emissions: 24.5 # in MtCO2/a from SMR for H2 production for NH3 from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
  petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5 # in MtCO2/a for petrochemical and other from UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28
  HVC_primary_fraction: 1.0 #fraction of current non-ammonia basic chemicals produced via primary route
  hotmaps_locate_missing: false
  reference_year: 2015


costs:
  lifetime: 25 #default lifetime
  # From a Lion Hirth paper, also reflects average of Noothout et al 2016
  discountrate: 0.07
  # [EUR/USD] ECB: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/exchange/eurofxref/html/eurofxref-graph-usd.en.html # noqa: E501
  USD2013_to_EUR2013: 0.7532

  # Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
  # capital_cost:
  #   onwind: 500
  marginal_cost:
    solar: 0.01
    onwind: 0.015
    offwind: 0.015
    hydro: 0.
    H2: 0.
    battery: 0.

  emission_prices: # only used with the option Ep (emission prices)
    co2: 0.

  lines:
    length_factor: 1.25 #to estimate offwind connection costs


solving:
  #tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
  options:
    formulation: kirchhoff
    clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
    load_shedding: false
    noisy_costs: true
    skip_iterations: true
    track_iterations: false
    min_iterations: 4
    max_iterations: 6

  solver:
    name: gurobi
    threads: 4
    method: 2 # barrier
    crossover: 0
    BarConvTol: 1.e-6
    Seed: 123
    AggFill: 0
    PreDual: 0
    GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
    #FeasibilityTol: 1.e-6

    #name: cplex
    #threads: 4
    #lpmethod: 4 # barrier
    #solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
    #barrier_convergetol: 1.e-5
    #feasopt_tolerance: 1.e-6
  mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2


plotting:
  map:
    boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71] 
    color_geomap:
      ocean: white
      land: whitesmoke
  costs_max: 1000
  costs_threshold: 1
  energy_max: 20000
  energy_min: -20000
  energy_threshold: 50
  vre_techs:
    - onwind
    - offwind-ac
    - offwind-dc
    - solar
    - ror
  renewable_storage_techs:
    - PHS
    - hydro
  conv_techs:
    - OCGT
    - CCGT
    - Nuclear
    - Coal
  storage_techs:
    - hydro+PHS
    - battery
    - H2
  load_carriers:
    - AC load
  AC_carriers:
    - AC line
    - AC transformer
  link_carriers:
    - DC line
    - Converter AC-DC
  heat_links:
    - heat pump
    - resistive heater
    - CHP heat
    - CHP electric
    - gas boiler
    - central heat pump
    - central resistive heater
    - central CHP heat
    - central CHP electric
    - central gas boiler
  heat_generators:
    - gas boiler
    - central gas boiler
    - solar thermal collector
    - central solar thermal collector
  tech_colors:
    onwind: "#235ebc"
    onshore wind: "#235ebc"
    offwind: "#6895dd"
    offshore wind: "#6895dd"
    offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
    offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
    offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
    offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
    wave: '#004444'
    hydro: '#3B5323'
    hydro reservoir: '#3B5323'
    ror: '#78AB46'
    run of river: '#78AB46'
    hydroelectricity: '#006400'
    solar: "#f9d002"
    solar PV: "#f9d002"
    solar thermal: coral
    solar rooftop: '#ffef60'
    OCGT: wheat
    OCGT marginal: sandybrown
    OCGT-heat: '#ee8340'
    gas boiler: '#ee8340'
    gas boilers: '#ee8340'
    gas boiler marginal: '#ee8340'
    gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
    gas: brown
    Gas pipeline : brown
    natural gas: brown
    SMR: '#4F4F2F'
    SMR CC: '#6f6f42'
    oil: '#B5A642'
    oil boiler: '#B5A677'
    lines: k
    transmission lines: k
    H2: m
    hydrogen storage: m
    battery: slategray
    battery storage: slategray
    home battery: '#614700'
    home battery storage: '#614700'
    Nuclear: r
    Nuclear marginal: r
    nuclear: r
    uranium: r
    Coal: k
    coal: k
    Coal marginal: k
    Lignite: grey
    lignite: grey
    Lignite marginal: grey
    CCGT: '#ee8340'
    CCGT marginal: '#ee8340'
    heat pumps: '#76EE00'
    heat pump: '#76EE00'
    air heat pump: '#76EE00'
    ground heat pump: '#40AA00'
    power-to-heat: '#40AA00'
    resistive heater: pink
    Sabatier: '#FF1493'
    methanation: '#FF1493'
    power-to-gas: '#FF1493'
    power-to-liquid: '#FFAAE9'
    helmeth: '#7D0552'
    DAC: '#E74C3C'
    co2 stored: '#123456'
    CO2 sequestration: '#123456'
    CC: k
    co2: '#123456'
    co2 vent: '#654321'
    solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#654321'
    solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#654321'
    gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#654321'
    gas for industry co2 to stored: '#654321'
    Fischer-Tropsch: '#44DD33'
    kerosene for aviation: '#44BB11'
    naphtha for industry: '#44FF55'
    land transport oil: '#44DD33'
    water tanks: '#BBBBBB'
    hot water storage: '#BBBBBB'
    hot water charging: '#BBBBBB'
    hot water discharging: '#999999'
    CHP: r
    CHP heat: r
    CHP electric: r
    PHS: g
    Ambient: k
    Electric load: b
    Heat load: r
    heat: darkred
    rural heat: '#880000'
    central heat: '#b22222'
    decentral heat: '#800000'
    low-temperature heat for industry: '#991111'
    process heat: '#FF3333'
    heat demand: darkred
    electric demand: k
    Li ion: grey
    district heating: '#CC4E5C'
    retrofitting: purple
    building retrofitting: purple
    BEV charger: grey
    V2G: grey
    land transport EV: grey
    electricity: k
    gas for industry: '#333333'
    gas for industry CC: '#404040'
    solid biomass for industry: '#555555'
    solid biomass for industry CC: '#555555'
    industry electricity: '#222222'
    industry new electricity: '#222222'
    process emissions to stored: '#444444'
    process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
    process emissions: '#222222'
    process emissions CC: '#484848'
    oil emissions: '#666666'
    land transport oil emissions: '#666666'
    land transport fuel cell: '#AAAAAA'
    biogas: '#800000'
    solid biomass: '#DAA520'
    today: '#D2691E'
    shipping: '#6495ED'
    electricity distribution grid: '#333333'