.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023-2024 The PyPSA-Eur Authors SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0 .. _tutorial_sector: ############################### Tutorial: Sector-Coupled ############################### .. note:: If you have not done it yet, follow the :ref:`installation` steps first. Also, checkout the tutorial for electricity-only systems first at :ref:`tutorial`. In this tutorial, we will add further sectors to the electricity-only model from :ref:`tutorial`, namely industry, transport, and buildings. This requires processing of a few more raw data sources. The sector-coupling code can be run as an overnight / greenfield scenario or with multi-horizon investment with myopic foresight. Pathway analysis with perfect foresight is under development. See also the documentation on :ref:`foresight`. Overnight Scenarios =========================== Configuration ------------- The default configuration file (``config/config.default.yaml``) is set up for running overnight scenarios. Running a sector-coupled model unlocks many further configuration options. In the example below, we say that the gas network should be added and spatially resolved. We also say that the existing gas network may be retrofitted to transport hydrogen instead. .. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.overnight.yaml :language: yaml :start-at: sector: :end-before: solving: Documentation for all options will be added successively to :ref:`config`. Scenarios can be defined like for electricity-only studies, but with additional wildcard options. .. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.overnight.yaml :language: yaml :start-at: scenario: :end-before: countries: For allowed wildcard values, refer to :ref:`wildcards`. Execution --------- To run an overnight / greenfiled scenario with the specifications above, run .. code:: bash snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.overnight.yaml which will result in the following jobs ``snakemake`` wants to run, some of which were already included in the electricity-only tutorial: .. code:: bash job count ------------------------------------------------ ------- add_electricity 1 add_transmission_projects_and_dlr 1 all 1 base_network 1 build_ammonia_production 1 build_biomass_potentials 1 build_central_heating_temperature_profiles 1 build_clustered_population_layouts 1 build_cop_profiles 1 build_daily_heat_demand 1 build_district_heat_share 1 build_electricity_demand 1 build_electricity_demand_base 1 build_energy_totals 1 build_gas_input_locations 1 build_gas_network 1 build_heat_totals 1 build_hourly_heat_demand 1 build_industrial_distribution_key 1 build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today 1 build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node 1 build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today 1 build_industrial_production_per_country 1 build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow 1 build_industrial_production_per_node 1 build_industry_sector_ratios 1 build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate 1 build_population_layouts 1 build_population_weighted_energy_totals 2 build_powerplants 1 build_renewable_profiles 6 build_salt_cavern_potentials 1 build_shapes 1 build_ship_raster 1 build_shipping_demand 1 build_solar_thermal_profiles 1 build_temperature_profiles 1 build_transmission_projects 1 build_transport_demand 1 cluster_gas_network 1 cluster_network 1 determine_availability_matrix 6 make_summary 1 plot_gas_network 1 plot_hydrogen_network 1 plot_power_network 1 plot_power_network_clustered 1 plot_summary 1 prepare_network 1 prepare_sector_network 1 retrieve_cost_data 1 retrieve_cutout 1 retrieve_databundle 1 retrieve_eez 1 retrieve_electricity_demand 1 retrieve_eurostat_data 1 retrieve_eurostat_household_data 1 retrieve_gas_infrastructure_data 1 retrieve_gem_europe_gas_tracker 1 retrieve_gem_steel_plant_tracker 1 retrieve_hotmaps_industrial_sites 1 retrieve_jrc_enspreso_biomass 1 retrieve_jrc_idees 1 retrieve_naturalearth_countries 1 retrieve_osm_prebuilt 1 retrieve_ship_raster 1 retrieve_synthetic_electricity_demand 1 retrieve_usgs_ammonia_production 1 retrieve_worldbank_urban_population 1 simplify_network 1 solve_sector_network 1 time_aggregation 1 total 83 This covers the retrieval of additional raw data from online resources and preprocessing data about the transport, industry, and heating sectors as well as additional rules about geological storage and sequestration potentials, gas infrastructure, and biomass potentials. The collection rule ``all`` will also generate summary CSV files and plots after the network has been solved successfully. .. graphviz:: :class: full-width :align: center digraph snakemake_dag { graph[bgcolor=white, margin=0]; node[shape=box, style=rounded, fontname=sans, fontsize=10, penwidth=2]; edge[penwidth=2, color=grey]; 0[label = "all", color = "0.41 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 1[label = "plot_summary", color = "0.60 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 2[label = "make_summary", color = "0.62 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 3[label = "solve_sector_network", color = "0.62 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 4[label = "prepare_sector_network\nsector_opts: ", color = "0.45 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 5[label = "build_renewable_profiles", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 6[label = "determine_availability_matrix\ntechnology: offwind-ac", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 7[label = "retrieve_databundle", color = "0.58 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 8[label = "build_ship_raster", color = "0.51 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 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34[label = "prepare_network\nll: v1.5\nopts: ", color = "0.55 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 35[label = "add_electricity", color = "0.36 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 36[label = "build_renewable_profiles", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 37[label = "determine_availability_matrix\ntechnology: solar", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 38[label = "build_renewable_profiles", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 39[label = "determine_availability_matrix\ntechnology: solar-hsat", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 40[label = "build_renewable_profiles", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 41[label = "determine_availability_matrix\ntechnology: onwind", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 42[label = "retrieve_cost_data\nyear: 2030", color = "0.55 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 43[label = "build_powerplants", color = "0.18 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 44[label = "build_hourly_heat_demand", color = "0.29 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 45[label = "build_daily_heat_demand", color = "0.40 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 46[label = "build_population_layouts", color = "0.27 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 47[label = "retrieve_worldbank_urban_population", color = "0.30 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 48[label = "build_solar_thermal_profiles", color = "0.27 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 49[label = "retrieve_eurostat_data", color = "0.13 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 50[label = "build_population_weighted_energy_totals\nkind: energy", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 51[label = "build_energy_totals", color = "0.26 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 52[label = "retrieve_jrc_idees", color = "0.48 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 53[label = "retrieve_eurostat_household_data", color = "0.12 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 54[label = "build_clustered_population_layouts", color = "0.35 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 55[label = "build_population_weighted_energy_totals\nkind: heat", color = "0.24 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 56[label = "build_heat_totals", color = "0.01 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 57[label = "build_shipping_demand", color = "0.60 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 58[label = "build_transport_demand", color = "0.50 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 59[label = "build_temperature_profiles", color = "0.54 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 60[label = "build_biomass_potentials\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.45 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 61[label = "retrieve_jrc_enspreso_biomass", color = "0.07 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 62[label = "build_salt_cavern_potentials", color = "0.18 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 63[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node", color = "0.65 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 64[label = "build_industry_sector_ratios_intermediate\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.64 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 65[label = "build_industry_sector_ratios", color = "0.51 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 66[label = "build_ammonia_production", color = "0.15 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 67[label = "retrieve_usgs_ammonia_production", color = "0.38 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 68[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_country_today", color = "0.65 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 69[label = "build_industrial_production_per_country", color = "0.11 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 70[label = "build_industrial_production_per_node", color = "0.07 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 71[label = "build_industrial_distribution_key", color = "0.48 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 72[label = "retrieve_hotmaps_industrial_sites", color = "0.20 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 73[label = "retrieve_gem_steel_plant_tracker", color = "0.10 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 74[label = "build_industrial_production_per_country_tomorrow\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.34 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 75[label = "build_industrial_energy_demand_per_node_today", color = "0.28 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 76[label = "build_district_heat_share\nplanning_horizons: 2030", color = "0.57 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 77[label = "build_cop_profiles", color = "0.02 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 78[label = "build_central_heating_temperature_profiles", color = "0.15 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 79[label = "plot_power_network_clustered", color = "0.43 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 80[label = "plot_power_network", color = "0.05 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 81[label = "plot_hydrogen_network", color = "0.52 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 82[label = "plot_gas_network", color = "0.46 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 1 -> 0 2 -> 1 49 -> 1 7 -> 1 3 -> 2 42 -> 2 79 -> 2 80 -> 2 81 -> 2 82 -> 2 4 -> 3 5 -> 4 24 -> 4 26 -> 4 28 -> 4 31 -> 4 33 -> 4 34 -> 4 49 -> 4 50 -> 4 55 -> 4 57 -> 4 58 -> 4 51 -> 4 7 -> 4 60 -> 4 42 -> 4 62 -> 4 15 -> 4 14 -> 4 54 -> 4 63 -> 4 44 -> 4 70 -> 4 76 -> 4 59 -> 4 77 -> 4 48 -> 4 6 -> 5 11 -> 5 14 -> 5 10 -> 5 7 -> 6 8 -> 6 11 -> 6 14 -> 6 10 -> 6 9 -> 8 10 -> 8 12 -> 11 13 -> 11 7 -> 11 15 -> 14 20 -> 14 16 -> 15 17 -> 15 17 -> 16 19 -> 16 18 -> 17 11 -> 17 17 -> 19 11 -> 19 15 -> 20 11 -> 20 21 -> 20 22 -> 21 23 -> 21 25 -> 24 11 -> 24 14 -> 24 10 -> 24 7 -> 25 8 -> 25 11 -> 25 14 -> 25 10 -> 25 27 -> 26 11 -> 26 14 -> 26 10 -> 26 7 -> 27 8 -> 27 11 -> 27 14 -> 27 10 -> 27 29 -> 28 14 -> 28 30 -> 29 32 -> 31 30 -> 31 14 -> 31 34 -> 33 44 -> 33 48 -> 33 35 -> 34 42 -> 34 36 -> 35 38 -> 35 40 -> 35 5 -> 35 24 -> 35 26 -> 35 14 -> 35 42 -> 35 43 -> 35 20 -> 35 37 -> 36 11 -> 36 14 -> 36 10 -> 36 7 -> 37 11 -> 37 14 -> 37 10 -> 37 39 -> 38 11 -> 38 14 -> 38 10 -> 38 7 -> 39 11 -> 39 14 -> 39 10 -> 39 41 -> 40 11 -> 40 14 -> 40 10 -> 40 7 -> 41 11 -> 41 14 -> 41 10 -> 41 14 -> 43 45 -> 44 46 -> 45 14 -> 45 10 -> 45 11 -> 46 47 -> 46 10 -> 46 46 -> 48 14 -> 48 10 -> 48 51 -> 50 54 -> 50 11 -> 51 7 -> 51 52 -> 51 49 -> 51 53 -> 51 46 -> 54 14 -> 54 10 -> 54 56 -> 55 54 -> 55 51 -> 56 11 -> 57 14 -> 57 51 -> 57 54 -> 58 50 -> 58 51 -> 58 7 -> 58 59 -> 58 46 -> 59 14 -> 59 10 -> 59 61 -> 60 49 -> 60 7 -> 60 14 -> 60 11 -> 60 7 -> 62 14 -> 62 64 -> 63 70 -> 63 75 -> 63 65 -> 64 68 -> 64 69 -> 64 66 -> 65 52 -> 65 67 -> 66 51 -> 68 52 -> 68 69 -> 68 66 -> 69 52 -> 69 49 -> 69 71 -> 70 74 -> 70 14 -> 71 54 -> 71 72 -> 71 73 -> 71 69 -> 74 71 -> 75 68 -> 75 51 -> 76 54 -> 76 78 -> 77 59 -> 77 14 -> 77 59 -> 78 14 -> 78 14 -> 79 3 -> 80 14 -> 80 3 -> 81 14 -> 81 3 -> 82 14 -> 82 } | Myopic Foresight Scenarios =================================== Configuration ------------- To activate the myopic foresight mode, set .. code:: yaml foresight: myopic Scenarios can be defined like for electricity-only studies, but with additional wildcard options. For the myopic foresight mode, the ``{planning_horizons}`` wildcard defines the sequence of investment horizons. .. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.myopic.yaml :language: yaml :start-at: scenario: :end-before: countries: For allowed wildcard values, refer to :ref:`wildcards`. In the myopic foresight mode, you can tweak for instance exogenously given transition paths, like the one for the share of primary steel production we change below: .. literalinclude:: ../config/test/config.myopic.yaml :language: yaml :start-at: industry: :end-before: solving: Documentation for all options will be added successively to :ref:`config`. Execution --------- To run a myopic foresight scenario with the specifications above, run .. code:: bash snakemake -call all --configfile config/test/config.myopic.yaml which will result in additional jobs ``snakemake`` wants to run, which translates to the following workflow diagram which nicely outlines how the sequential pathway optimisation with myopic foresight is implemented in the workflow: .. graphviz:: :class: full-width :align: center digraph snakemake_dag { graph[bgcolor=white, margin=0]; node[shape=box, style=rounded, fontname=sans, fontsize=10, penwidth=2]; edge[penwidth=2, color=grey]; 0[label = "all", color = "0.58 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 1[label = "plot_summary", color = "0.14 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 2[label = "make_summary", color = "0.16 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 3[label = "solve_sector_network_myopic", color = "0.04 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 4[label = "add_existing_baseyear", color = "0.29 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 5[label = "prepare_sector_network\nsector_opts: ", color = "0.01 0.6 0.85", style="rounded"]; 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