From f7939d67d982894d9f418433eb0fc42c10832720 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Philipp Glaum Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2022 10:37:03 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] udpate cost data and fix caused bug --- data/costs.csv | 1256 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ scripts/add_electricity.py | 2 +- 2 files changed, 1062 insertions(+), 196 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/costs.csv b/data/costs.csv index eb32d0fc..536b924d 100644 --- a/data/costs.csv +++ b/data/costs.csv @@ -1,195 +1,1061 @@ -technology,year,parameter,value,unit,source -solar-rooftop,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral -onwind,2030,lifetime,30,years,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,lifetime,30,years,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -solar,2030,lifetime,25,years,IEA2010 -solar-rooftop,2030,lifetime,25,years,IEA2010 -solar-utility,2030,lifetime,25,years,IEA2010 -PHS,2030,lifetime,80,years,IEA2010 -hydro,2030,lifetime,80,years,IEA2010 -ror,2030,lifetime,80,years,IEA2010 -OCGT,2030,lifetime,30,years,IEA2010 -nuclear,2030,lifetime,45,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,lifetime,30,years,IEA2010 -coal,2030,lifetime,40,years,IEA2010 -lignite,2030,lifetime,40,years,IEA2010 -geothermal,2030,lifetime,40,years,IEA2010 -biomass,2030,lifetime,30,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,lifetime,30,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -onwind,2030,investment,1040,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,investment,1441,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-station,2030,investment,250,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2685,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-connection-underground,2030,investment,1342,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-dc-station,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2000,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf -offwind-dc-connection-underground,2030,investment,1000,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction -solar,2030,investment,600,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -biomass,2030,investment,2209,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -geothermal,2030,investment,3392,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -coal,2030,investment,1300,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,investment,1500,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -solar-rooftop,2030,investment,725,EUR/kWel,ETIP PV -solar-utility,2030,investment,425,EUR/kWel,ETIP PV -PHS,2030,investment,2000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -hydro,2030,investment,2000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -ror,2030,investment,3000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,investment,6000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,investment,800,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -onwind,2030,FOM,2.450549,%/year,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,FOM,2.304878,%/year,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -solar,2030,FOM,4.166667,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -solar-rooftop,2030,FOM,2,%/year,ETIP PV -solar-utility,2030,FOM,3,%/year,ETIP PV -biomass,2030,FOM,4.526935,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -geothermal,2030,FOM,2.358491,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -coal,2030,FOM,1.923076,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -oil,2030,FOM,1.5,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -PHS,2030,FOM,1,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -hydro,2030,FOM,1,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -ror,2030,FOM,2,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,FOM,2.5,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,FOM,3.75,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -onwind,2030,VOM,2.3,EUR/MWhel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,VOM,2.7,EUR/MWhel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -solar,2030,VOM,0.01,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order -coal,2030,VOM,6,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,VOM,7,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,VOM,4,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,VOM,3,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,VOM,8,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -gas,2030,fuel,21.6,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -uranium,2030,fuel,3,EUR/MWhth,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,VOM,3,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,fuel,3,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -biomass,2030,fuel,7,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -coal,2030,fuel,8.4,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -lignite,2030,fuel,2.9,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -oil,2030,fuel,50,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf -PHS,2030,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -hydro,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -ror,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,efficiency,0.39,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,efficiency,0.5,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -biomass,2030,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -geothermal,2030,efficiency,0.239,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,efficiency,0.337,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -gas,2030,CO2 intensity,0.187,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -coal,2030,efficiency,0.464,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,efficiency,0.447,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,efficiency,0.393,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 CT -coal,2030,CO2 intensity,0.354,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -lignite,2030,CO2 intensity,0.334,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -oil,2030,CO2 intensity,0.248,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -geothermal,2030,CO2 intensity,0.026,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -electrolysis,2030,investment,350,EUR/kWel,Palzer Thesis -electrolysis,2030,FOM,4,%/year,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -electrolysis,2030,lifetime,18,years,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -electrolysis,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,investment,339,EUR/kWel,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,FOM,3,%/year,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,lifetime,20,years,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,efficiency,0.58,per unit,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 conservative 2020 -hydrogen storage,2030,investment,11.2,USD/kWh,budischak2013 -hydrogen storage,2030,lifetime,20,years,budischak2013 -hydrogen underground storage,2030,investment,0.5,EUR/kWh,maximum from https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46719.pdf -hydrogen underground storage,2030,lifetime,40,years,http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Materialien/ESYS_Technologiesteckbrief_Energiespeicher.pdf -H2 pipeline,2030,investment,267,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156 -H2 pipeline,2030,lifetime,40,years,Krieg2012 http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136392/files/Energie%26Umwelt_144.pdf -H2 pipeline,2030,FOM,5,%/year,Krieg2012 http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136392/files/Energie%26Umwelt_144.pdf -H2 pipeline,2030,efficiency,0.98,per unit,Krieg2012 http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136392/files/Energie%26Umwelt_144.pdf -methanation,2030,investment,1000,EUR/kWH2,Schaber thesis -methanation,2030,lifetime,25,years,Schaber thesis -methanation,2030,FOM,3,%/year,Schaber thesis -methanation,2030,efficiency,0.6,per unit,Palzer; Breyer for DAC -helmeth,2030,investment,1000,EUR/kW,no source -helmeth,2030,lifetime,25,years,no source -helmeth,2030,FOM,3,%/year,no source -helmeth,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release -DAC,2030,investment,250,EUR/(tCO2/a),Fasihi/Climeworks -DAC,2030,lifetime,30,years,Fasihi -DAC,2030,FOM,4,%/year,Fasihi -battery inverter,2030,investment,411,USD/kWel,budischak2013 -battery inverter,2030,lifetime,20,years,budischak2013 -battery inverter,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit charge/discharge,budischak2013; Lund and Kempton (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.007 -battery inverter,2030,FOM,3,%/year,budischak2013 -battery storage,2030,investment,192,USD/kWh,budischak2013 -battery storage,2030,lifetime,15,years,budischak2013 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,1050,EUR/kWth,HP; Palzer thesis -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP; Palzer thesis -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,Palzer thesis -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3,per unit,default for costs -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,1400,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20,years,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,4,per unit,default for costs -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,700,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20,years,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3,per unit,default for costs -retrofitting I,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -retrofitting I,2030,lifetime,50,years,Palzer thesis -retrofitting I,2030,FOM,1,%/year,Palzer thesis -retrofitting I,2030,investment,50,EUR/m2/fraction reduction,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,lifetime,50,years,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,FOM,1,%/year,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,investment,250,EUR/m2/fraction reduction,Palzer thesis -water tank charger,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP -water tank discharger,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP -decentral water tank storage,2030,investment,860,EUR/m3,IWES Interaktion -decentral water tank storage,2030,FOM,1,%/year,HP -decentral water tank storage,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP -decentral water tank storage,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central water tank storage,2030,investment,30,EUR/m3,IWES Interaktion -central water tank storage,2030,FOM,1,%/year,HP -central water tank storage,2030,lifetime,40,years,HP -decentral resistive heater,2030,investment,100,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,lifetime,20,years,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central resistive heater,2030,investment,100,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis -central resistive heater,2030,lifetime,20,years,Schaber thesis -central resistive heater,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Schaber thesis -central resistive heater,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,investment,175,EUR/kWhth,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,lifetime,20,years,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,investment,63,EUR/kWhth,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,lifetime,22,years,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,FOM,1,%/year,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral CHP,2030,lifetime,25,years,HP -decentral CHP,2030,investment,1400,EUR/kWel,HP -decentral CHP,2030,FOM,3,%/year,HP -decentral CHP,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central CHP,2030,lifetime,25,years,HP -central CHP,2030,investment,650,EUR/kWel,HP -central CHP,2030,FOM,3,%/year,HP -decentral solar thermal,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral solar thermal,2030,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP -decentral solar thermal,2030,investment,270000,EUR/1000m2,HP -decentral solar thermal,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP -central solar thermal,2030,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP -central solar thermal,2030,investment,140000,EUR/1000m2,HP -central solar thermal,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP -HVAC overhead,2030,investment,400,EUR/MW/km,Hagspiel -HVAC overhead,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVAC overhead,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel -HVDC overhead,2030,investment,400,EUR/MW/km,Hagspiel -HVDC overhead,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVDC overhead,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel -HVDC submarine,2030,investment,2000,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf -HVDC submarine,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVDC submarine,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel -HVDC inverter pair,2030,investment,150000,EUR/MW,Hagspiel -HVDC inverter pair,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVDC inverter pair,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel +technology,year,parameter,value,unit,source,further description +Ammonia cracker,2020,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.", +Ammonia cracker,2020,investment,1062107.74,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.", +Ammonia cracker,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.", +BioSNG,2020,C in fuel,0.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BioSNG,2020,C stored,0.68,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BioSNG,2020,CO2 stored,0.25,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation, +BioSNG,2020,FOM,1.61,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M" +BioSNG,2020,VOM,2.7,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M" +BioSNG,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +BioSNG,2020,efficiency,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG" +BioSNG,2020,investment,2500.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment" +BioSNG,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime" +BtL,2020,C in fuel,0.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BtL,2020,C stored,0.68,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BtL,2020,CO2 stored,0.25,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation, +BtL,2020,FOM,2.4,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M" +BtL,2020,VOM,1.06,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M" +BtL,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +BtL,2020,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013, +BtL,2020,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment" +BtL,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime" +CCGT,2020,FOM,3.33,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M" +CCGT,2020,VOM,4.4,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M" +CCGT,2020,c_b,1.8,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient" +CCGT,2020,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient" +CCGT,2020,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +CCGT,2020,investment,880.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment" +CCGT,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime" +CH4 (g) fill compressor station,2020,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station., +CH4 (g) fill compressor station,2020,investment,1498.95,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.", +CH4 (g) fill compressor station,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station., +CH4 (g) pipeline,2020,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology)., +CH4 (g) pipeline,2020,investment,79.0,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate., +CH4 (g) pipeline,2020,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology)., +CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.", +CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,2020,investment,114.89,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 ., +CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2020,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2020,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2020,investment,151000000.0,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 evaporation,2020,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 evaporation,2020,investment,87.6,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 evaporation,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 liquefaction,2020,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 liquefaction,2020,investment,232.13,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 liquefaction,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CO2 liquefaction,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf ., +CO2 liquefaction,2020,investment,16.03,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf ., +CO2 liquefaction,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.", +CO2 pipeline,2020,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 pipeline,2020,investment,2000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 pipeline,2020,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 storage tank,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .", +CO2 storage tank,2020,investment,2528.17,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.", +CO2 storage tank,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .", +CO2 submarine pipeline,2020,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 submarine pipeline,2020,investment,4000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +FT fuel transport ship,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +FT fuel transport ship,2020,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +FT fuel transport ship,2020,investment,31700578.34,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +FT fuel transport ship,2020,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +Fischer-Tropsch,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.", +Fischer-Tropsch,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +Fischer-Tropsch,2020,efficiency,0.8,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.", +Fischer-Tropsch,2020,investment,757401.0,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.", +Fischer-Tropsch,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.", +Gasnetz,2020,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +Gasnetz,2020,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +Gasnetz,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),2020,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),2020,investment,135.83,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),2020,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),2020,investment,169.79,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.", +H2 (g) fill compressor station,2020,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)", +H2 (g) fill compressor station,2020,investment,4478.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).", +H2 (g) fill compressor station,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).", +H2 (g) pipeline,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) pipeline,2020,investment,226.47,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf., +H2 (g) pipeline,2020,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,2020,investment,105.88,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf., +H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,2020,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) submarine pipeline,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline., +H2 (g) submarine pipeline,2020,investment,329.37,EUR/MW/km,"Assume similar cost as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline but with the same factor as between onland CH4 (g) pipeline and H2 (g) pipeline (2.86). This estimate is comparable to a 36in diameter pipeline calaculated based on d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material (=251 EUR/MW/km).", +H2 (g) submarine pipeline,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline., +H2 (l) storage tank,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.", +H2 (l) storage tank,2020,investment,750.08,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.", +H2 (l) storage tank,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2020,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2020,investment,361223561.58,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 evaporation,2020,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .", +H2 evaporation,2020,investment,143.64,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.", +H2 evaporation,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate., +H2 liquefaction,2020,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .", +H2 liquefaction,2020,investment,870.56,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.", +H2 liquefaction,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +H2 pipeline,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +H2 pipeline,2020,investment,267.0,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +H2 pipeline,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +HVAC overhead,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVAC overhead,2020,investment,432.97,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVAC overhead,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC inverter pair,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC inverter pair,2020,investment,162364.82,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC inverter pair,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC overhead,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC overhead,2020,investment,432.97,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC overhead,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC submarine,2020,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 ., +HVDC submarine,2020,investment,471.16,EUR/MW/km,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 ., +HVDC submarine,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 ., +Haber-Bosch,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M +Haber-Bosch,2020,VOM,0.02,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M +Haber-Bosch,2020,investment,1586.29,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment +Haber-Bosch,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime +LNG storage tank,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.", +LNG storage tank,2020,investment,611.59,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).", +LNG storage tank,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.", +LOHC chemical,2020,investment,2264.33,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC chemical,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC dehydrogenation,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC dehydrogenation,2020,investment,50728.03,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC dehydrogenation,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),2020,investment,759908.15,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC hydrogenation,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC hydrogenation,2020,investment,51259.54,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC hydrogenation,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC loaded DBT storage,2020,FOM,6.25,%/year,, +LOHC loaded DBT storage,2020,investment,149.27,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.", +LOHC loaded DBT storage,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,, +LOHC transport ship,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC transport ship,2020,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC transport ship,2020,investment,31700578.34,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC transport ship,2020,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC unloaded DBT storage,2020,FOM,6.25,%/year,, +LOHC unloaded DBT storage,2020,investment,132.26,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.", +LOHC unloaded DBT storage,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,, +MeOH transport ship,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +MeOH transport ship,2020,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +MeOH transport ship,2020,investment,31700578.34,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +MeOH transport ship,2020,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +Methanol steam reforming,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al (2021): 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171 , table 4.", +Methanol steam reforming,2020,investment,16318.43,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al (2021): 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171 , table 4.", +Methanol steam reforming,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al (2021): 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171 , table 4.", +NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.", +NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,2020,investment,161.93,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.", +NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2020,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2020,investment,74461941.34,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology", +OCGT,2020,FOM,1.78,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M +OCGT,2020,VOM,4.5,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M +OCGT,2020,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +OCGT,2020,investment,453.96,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment +OCGT,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime +PHS,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +PHS,2020,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +PHS,2020,investment,2208.16,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +PHS,2020,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +SMR,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR,2020,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +SMR,2020,investment,493470.4,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +SMR CC,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR CC,2020,capture_rate,0.9,EUR/MW_CH4,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates betwen 54%-90% +SMR CC,2020,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +SMR CC,2020,investment,572425.66,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR CC,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +Steam methane reforming,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.", +Steam methane reforming,2020,investment,470085.47,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.", +Steam methane reforming,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.", +air separation unit,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M +air separation unit,2020,investment,891679.11,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment +air separation unit,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime +battery inverter,2020,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M +battery inverter,2020,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC +battery inverter,2020,investment,270.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment +battery inverter,2020,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime +battery storage,2020,investment,232.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment +battery storage,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +biogas,2020,CO2 stored,0.09,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation, +biogas,2020,FOM,11.38,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.: Total O&M" +biogas,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +biogas,2020,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output, +biogas,2020,fuel,59.0,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biogas,2020,investment,1710.69,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.: Specific investment" +biogas,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.: Technical lifetime" +biogas plus hydrogen,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M +biogas plus hydrogen,2020,investment,907.2,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment +biogas plus hydrogen,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime +biogas upgrading,2020,FOM,2.51,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Fixed O&M " +biogas upgrading,2020,VOM,3.69,EUR/MWh input,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Variable O&M" +biogas upgrading,2020,investment,423.0,EUR/kW input,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)" +biogas upgrading,2020,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Technical lifetime" +biomass,2020,FOM,4.53,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2020,efficiency,0.47,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2020,fuel,7.0,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2020,investment,2209.0,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass CHP,2020,FOM,3.61,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M" +biomass CHP,2020,VOM,2.11,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M " +biomass CHP,2020,c_b,0.45,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient" +biomass CHP,2020,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient" +biomass CHP,2020,efficiency,0.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass CHP,2020,efficiency-heat,0.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass CHP,2020,investment,3381.27,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment " +biomass CHP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime" +biomass CHP capture,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,electricity-input,0.03,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,heat-input,0.83,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,heat-output,0.83,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,investment,3300000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass EOP,2020,FOM,3.61,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M" +biomass EOP,2020,VOM,2.11,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M " +biomass EOP,2020,c_b,0.45,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient" +biomass EOP,2020,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient" +biomass EOP,2020,efficiency,0.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass EOP,2020,efficiency-heat,0.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass EOP,2020,investment,3381.27,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment " +biomass EOP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime" +biomass HOP,2020,FOM,5.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output" +biomass HOP,2020,VOM,2.11,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output +biomass HOP,2020,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +biomass HOP,2020,investment,875.42,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment " +biomass HOP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime +biomass boiler,2020,FOM,7.39,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M" +biomass boiler,2020,efficiency,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net" +biomass boiler,2020,investment,682.67,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment" +biomass boiler,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime" +cement capture,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,compression-electricity-input,0.1,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,compression-heat-output,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,heat-input,0.83,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,heat-output,1.65,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,investment,3000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +central air-sourced heat pump,2020,FOM,0.21,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M" +central air-sourced heat pump,2020,VOM,2.19,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M" +central air-sourced heat pump,2020,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central air-sourced heat pump,2020,investment,951.39,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment" +central air-sourced heat pump,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime" +central coal CHP,2020,FOM,1.63,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M +central coal CHP,2020,VOM,2.9,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M +central coal CHP,2020,c_b,0.84,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient +central coal CHP,2020,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient +central coal CHP,2020,efficiency,0.48,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net" +central coal CHP,2020,investment,1900.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment +central coal CHP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime +central gas CHP,2020,FOM,3.31,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M" +central gas CHP,2020,VOM,4.4,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M" +central gas CHP,2020,c_b,0.96,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient" +central gas CHP,2020,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central gas CHP,2020,efficiency,0.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +central gas CHP,2020,investment,590.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment" +central gas CHP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime" +central gas CHP,2020,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central gas boiler,2020,FOM,3.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M +central gas boiler,2020,VOM,1.1,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M +central gas boiler,2020,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central gas boiler,2020,investment,60.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment +central gas boiler,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime +central ground-sourced heat pump,2020,FOM,0.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2020,VOM,0.98,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2020,efficiency,1.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2020,investment,564.0,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime" +central resistive heater,2020,FOM,1.53,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M +central resistive heater,2020,VOM,0.9,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M +central resistive heater,2020,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central resistive heater,2020,investment,70.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW +central resistive heater,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime +central solar thermal,2020,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central solar thermal,2020,investment,140000.0,EUR/1000m2,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central solar thermal,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,FOM,2.89,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,VOM,4.6,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M " +central solid biomass CHP,2020,c_b,0.35,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,efficiency,0.27,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,efficiency-heat,0.83,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,investment,3534.65,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment " +central solid biomass CHP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime" +central solid biomass CHP,2020,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central water tank storage,2020,FOM,0.52,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M +central water tank storage,2020,investment,0.58,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment +central water tank storage,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime +clean water tank storage,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +clean water tank storage,2020,investment,67.63,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +clean water tank storage,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +coal,2020,CO2 intensity,0.34,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +coal,2020,FOM,1.6,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2020,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2020,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2020,fuel,8.15,EUR/MWh_th,BP 2019, +coal,2020,investment,3845.51,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +csp-tower,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power), +csp-tower,2020,investment,144.88,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/)., +csp-tower,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power), +csp-tower TES,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower., +csp-tower TES,2020,investment,19.41,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/)., +csp-tower TES,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower., +csp-tower power block,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,see solar-tower., +csp-tower power block,2020,investment,1014.93,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/)., +csp-tower power block,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower., +decentral CHP,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral CHP,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral CHP,2020,investment,1400.0,EUR/kWel,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral CHP,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2020,FOM,2.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2020,efficiency,3.4,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2020,investment,940.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2020,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime +decentral gas boiler,2020,FOM,6.56,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M +decentral gas boiler,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral gas boiler,2020,efficiency,0.97,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net" +decentral gas boiler,2020,investment,312.08,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment +decentral gas boiler,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime +decentral gas boiler connection,2020,investment,195.05,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment +decentral gas boiler connection,2020,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2020,FOM,1.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2020,efficiency,3.8,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house" +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2020,investment,1500.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime +decentral oil boiler,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral oil boiler,2020,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral oil boiler,2020,investment,156.01,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral oil boiler,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2020,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2020,investment,100.0,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2020,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2020,investment,270000.0,EUR/1000m2,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2020,investment,18.38,EUR/kWh,IWES Interaktion," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +digestible biomass,2020,fuel,15.0,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040", +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2020,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2020,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2020,investment,2500.0,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +direct air capture,2020,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,electricity-input,0.35,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,heat-input,2.5,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,heat-output,1.25,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,investment,7000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +electric boiler steam,2020,FOM,1.34,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M +electric boiler steam,2020,VOM,0.86,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M +electric boiler steam,2020,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average" +electric boiler steam,2020,investment,80.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment +electric boiler steam,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime +electricity distribution grid,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity distribution grid,2020,investment,500.0,EUR/kW,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity distribution grid,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity grid connection,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity grid connection,2020,investment,140.0,EUR/kW,DEA," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity grid connection,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electrolysis,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","86 AEC 100MW: Fixed O&M " +electrolysis,2020,efficiency,0.66,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW: Hydrogen +electrolysis,2020,investment,650.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW: Specific investment +electrolysis,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW: Technical lifetime +fuel cell,2020,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M +fuel cell,2020,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient +fuel cell,2020,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +fuel cell,2020,investment,1300.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment +fuel cell,2020,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime +gas,2020,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4, +gas,2020,fuel,20.1,EUR/MWh_th,BP 2019, +gas boiler steam,2020,FOM,3.67,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M +gas boiler steam,2020,VOM,1.1,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M +gas boiler steam,2020,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +gas boiler steam,2020,investment,54.55,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment +gas boiler steam,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime +gas storage,2020,FOM,3.59,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)" +gas storage,2020,investment,0.03,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)" +gas storage,2020,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime" +gas storage charger,2020,investment,14.34,EUR/kW,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Process equipment (units converted)" +gas storage discharger,2020,investment,4.78,EUR/kW,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Process equipment (units converted)" +geothermal,2020,CO2 intensity,0.03,tCO2/MWhth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2020,FOM,2.36,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2020,efficiency,0.24,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2020,investment,3392.0,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2020,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2020,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW,no source," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,no source," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +home battery inverter,2020,FOM,0.2,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M +home battery inverter,2020,efficiency,0.95,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC +home battery inverter,2020,investment,377.0,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment +home battery inverter,2020,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime +home battery storage,2020,investment,323.53,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment +home battery storage,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +hydro,2020,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydro,2020,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydro,2020,investment,2208.16,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydro,2020,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydrogen storage tank,2020,investment,11.2,USD/kWh,budischak2013," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydrogen storage tank,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,budischak2013," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydrogen storage tank incl. compressor,2020,FOM,1.05,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M +hydrogen storage tank incl. compressor,2020,investment,57.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment +hydrogen storage tank incl. compressor,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime +hydrogen storage underground,2020,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M +hydrogen storage underground,2020,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M +hydrogen storage underground,2020,investment,3.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment +hydrogen storage underground,2020,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime +industrial heat pump high temperature,2020,FOM,0.09,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M +industrial heat pump high temperature,2020,VOM,3.26,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M +industrial heat pump high temperature,2020,efficiency,2.95,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +industrial heat pump high temperature,2020,investment,1045.44,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment +industrial heat pump high temperature,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2020,FOM,0.11,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2020,VOM,3.26,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2020,efficiency,2.55,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2020,investment,871.2,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime +lignite,2020,CO2 intensity,0.41,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +lignite,2020,FOM,1.6,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2020,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2020,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2020,fuel,2.9,EUR/MWh_th,DIW, +lignite,2020,investment,3845.51,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +methanation,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1", +methanation,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +methanation,2020,efficiency,0.8,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1", +methanation,2020,investment,718.95,"EUR/MW_CH4; and +EUR/kW_CH4","Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.", +methanation,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate., +methane storage tank incl. compressor,2020,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank by DEA.", +methane storage tank incl. compressor,2020,investment,8629.2,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10)., +methane storage tank incl. compressor,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank by DEA.", +methanolisation,2020,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.", +methanolisation,2020,investment,757401.0,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.", +methanolisation,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.", +micro CHP,2020,FOM,6.67,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M +micro CHP,2020,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net" +micro CHP,2020,efficiency-heat,0.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net" +micro CHP,2020,investment,10045.31,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment +micro CHP,2020,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime +nuclear,2020,FOM,1.4,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2020,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2020,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2020,fuel,2.6,EUR/MWh_th,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2020,investment,7940.45,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2020,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +offwind,2020,FOM,2.51,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]" +offwind,2020,VOM,0.02,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind,2020,investment,1804.77,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs substracted from investment costs" +offwind,2020,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years] +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,2020,investment,2685.0,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-ac-connection-underground,2020,investment,1342.0,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-ac-station,2020,investment,250.0,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,2020,investment,2000.0,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-dc-connection-underground,2020,investment,1000.0,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-dc-station,2020,investment,400.0,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +oil,2020,CO2 intensity,0.26,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel, +oil,2020,FOM,2.57,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M +oil,2020,VOM,6.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M +oil,2020,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +oil,2020,fuel,50.0,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +oil,2020,investment,343.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment +oil,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime +onwind,2020,FOM,1.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M +onwind,2020,VOM,1.5,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M +onwind,2020,investment,1118.77,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment " +onwind,2020,lifetime,27.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime +ror,2020,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +ror,2020,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +ror,2020,investment,3312.24,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +ror,2020,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +seawater desalination,2020,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +seawater desalination,2020,electricity-input,3.03,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.", +seawater desalination,2020,investment,40219.78,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.", +seawater desalination,2020,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +solar,2020,FOM,1.58,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar,2020,VOM,0.01,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +solar,2020,investment,733.47,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar,2020,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-rooftop,2020,FOM,1.15,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-rooftop,2020,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +solar-rooftop,2020,investment,957.47,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-rooftop,2020,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-rooftop commercial,2020,FOM,1.22,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-rooftop commercial,2020,investment,790.08,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-rooftop commercial,2020,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-rooftop residential,2020,FOM,1.08,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-rooftop residential,2020,investment,1124.86,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-rooftop residential,2020,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-utility,2020,FOM,2.01,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-utility,2020,investment,509.47,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-utility,2020,lifetime,35.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years] +solid biomass,2020,CO2 intensity,0.37,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass, +solid biomass,2020,fuel,12.0,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040", +solid biomass boiler steam,2020,FOM,5.45,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M +solid biomass boiler steam,2020,VOM,2.78,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M +solid biomass boiler steam,2020,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +solid biomass boiler steam,2020,investment,618.18,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment +solid biomass boiler steam,2020,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime +solid biomass to hydrogen,2020,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +solid biomass to hydrogen,2020,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +solid biomass to hydrogen,2020,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +solid biomass to hydrogen,2020,investment,2500.0,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +uranium,2020,fuel,2.6,EUR/MWh_th,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +water tank charger,2020,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: efficiency from sqr(Round trip efficiency) +water tank discharger,2020,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: efficiency from sqr(Round trip efficiency) +Ammonia cracker,2030,FOM,4.3,%/year,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.", +Ammonia cracker,2030,investment,1062107.74,EUR/MW_H2,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.", +Ammonia cracker,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.", +BioSNG,2030,C in fuel,0.34,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BioSNG,2030,C stored,0.66,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BioSNG,2030,CO2 stored,0.24,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation, +BioSNG,2030,FOM,1.64,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Fixed O&M" +BioSNG,2030,VOM,1.7,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Variable O&M" +BioSNG,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +BioSNG,2030,efficiency,0.63,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Bio SNG" +BioSNG,2030,investment,1600.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Specific investment" +BioSNG,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO,"84 Gasif. CFB, Bio-SNG: Technical lifetime" +BtL,2030,C in fuel,0.32,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BtL,2030,C stored,0.68,per unit,Stoichiometric calculation, +BtL,2030,CO2 stored,0.25,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation, +BtL,2030,FOM,2.67,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Fixed O&M" +BtL,2030,VOM,1.06,EUR/MWh_FT,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Variable O&M" +BtL,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +BtL,2030,efficiency,0.45,per unit,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013, +BtL,2030,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW_th,doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.05.013,"85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Specific investment" +BtL,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","85 Gasif. Ent. Flow FT, liq fu : Technical lifetime" +CCGT,2030,FOM,3.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M" +CCGT,2030,VOM,4.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M" +CCGT,2030,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient" +CCGT,2030,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient" +CCGT,2030,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +CCGT,2030,investment,830.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment" +CCGT,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime" +CH4 (g) fill compressor station,2030,FOM,1.7,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station., +CH4 (g) fill compressor station,2030,investment,1498.95,EUR/MW_CH4,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.", +CH4 (g) fill compressor station,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station., +CH4 (g) pipeline,2030,FOM,1.5,%/year,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology)., +CH4 (g) pipeline,2030,investment,79.0,EUR/MW/km,Guesstimate., +CH4 (g) pipeline,2030,lifetime,50.0,years,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology)., +CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.", +CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,2030,investment,114.89,EUR/MW/km,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 ., +CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2030,capacity,58300.0,t_CH4,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2030,investment,151000000.0,EUR,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 (l) transport ship,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 evaporation,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 evaporation,2030,investment,87.6,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 evaporation,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 liquefaction,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 liquefaction,2030,investment,232.13,EUR/kW_CH4,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CH4 liquefaction,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306", +CO2 liquefaction,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf ., +CO2 liquefaction,2030,investment,16.03,EUR/t_CO2/h,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf ., +CO2 liquefaction,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.", +CO2 pipeline,2030,FOM,0.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 pipeline,2030,investment,2000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 pipeline,2030,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 storage tank,2030,FOM,1.0,%/year,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .", +CO2 storage tank,2030,investment,2528.17,EUR/t_CO2,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.", +CO2 storage tank,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .", +CO2 submarine pipeline,2030,FOM,0.5,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +CO2 submarine pipeline,2030,investment,4000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.", +FT fuel transport ship,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +FT fuel transport ship,2030,capacity,75000.0,t_FTfuel,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +FT fuel transport ship,2030,investment,31700578.34,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +FT fuel transport ship,2030,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +Fischer-Tropsch,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.", +Fischer-Tropsch,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +Fischer-Tropsch,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.2.", +Fischer-Tropsch,2030,investment,650711.26,EUR/MW_FT,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.", +Fischer-Tropsch,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.", +Gasnetz,2030,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +Gasnetz,2030,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +Gasnetz,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),2030,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),2030,investment,135.83,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),2030,FOM,6.25,%/year,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),2030,investment,169.79,EUR/m^3,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .", +General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.", +H2 (g) fill compressor station,2030,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)", +H2 (g) fill compressor station,2030,investment,4478.0,EUR/MW_H2,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).", +H2 (g) fill compressor station,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).", +H2 (g) pipeline,2030,FOM,3.17,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) pipeline,2030,investment,226.47,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf., +H2 (g) pipeline,2030,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,2030,FOM,3.17,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,2030,investment,105.88,EUR/MW/km,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf., +H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,2030,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.", +H2 (g) submarine pipeline,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline., +H2 (g) submarine pipeline,2030,investment,329.37,EUR/MW/km,"Assume similar cost as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline but with the same factor as between onland CH4 (g) pipeline and H2 (g) pipeline (2.86). This estimate is comparable to a 36in diameter pipeline calaculated based on d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material (=251 EUR/MW/km).", +H2 (g) submarine pipeline,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline., +H2 (l) storage tank,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.", +H2 (l) storage tank,2030,investment,750.08,EUR/MWh_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.", +H2 (l) storage tank,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2030,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2030,capacity,11000.0,t_H2,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2030,investment,361223561.58,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 (l) transport ship,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.", +H2 evaporation,2030,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .", +H2 evaporation,2030,investment,143.64,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.", +H2 evaporation,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate., +H2 liquefaction,2030,FOM,2.5,%/year,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .", +H2 liquefaction,2030,investment,870.56,EUR/kW_H2,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.", +H2 liquefaction,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +H2 pipeline,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +H2 pipeline,2030,investment,267.0,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.059," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +H2 pipeline,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +HVAC overhead,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVAC overhead,2030,investment,432.97,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVAC overhead,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC inverter pair,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC inverter pair,2030,investment,162364.82,EUR/MW,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC inverter pair,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC overhead,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC overhead,2030,investment,432.97,EUR/MW/km,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC overhead,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Hagspiel et al. (2014): doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.025 , table A.2 .", +HVDC submarine,2030,FOM,0.35,%/year,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 ., +HVDC submarine,2030,investment,471.16,EUR/MW/km,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 ., +HVDC submarine,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,Purvins et al. (2018): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.095 ., +Haber-Bosch,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M +Haber-Bosch,2030,VOM,0.02,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Variable O&M +Haber-Bosch,2030,investment,1297.43,EUR/kW_NH3,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment +Haber-Bosch,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime +LNG storage tank,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.", +LNG storage tank,2030,investment,611.59,EUR/m^3,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).", +LNG storage tank,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.", +LOHC chemical,2030,investment,2264.33,EUR/t,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC chemical,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC dehydrogenation,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC dehydrogenation,2030,investment,50728.03,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC dehydrogenation,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),2030,investment,759908.15,EUR/MW_H2,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC hydrogenation,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC hydrogenation,2030,investment,51259.54,EUR/MW_H2,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC hydrogenation,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.", +LOHC loaded DBT storage,2030,FOM,6.25,%/year,, +LOHC loaded DBT storage,2030,investment,149.27,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.", +LOHC loaded DBT storage,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,, +LOHC transport ship,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC transport ship,2030,capacity,75000.0,t_LOHC,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC transport ship,2030,investment,31700578.34,EUR,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC transport ship,2030,lifetime,15.0,years,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514", +LOHC unloaded DBT storage,2030,FOM,6.25,%/year,, +LOHC unloaded DBT storage,2030,investment,132.26,EUR/t,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.", +LOHC unloaded DBT storage,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,, +MeOH transport ship,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +MeOH transport ship,2030,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +MeOH transport ship,2030,investment,31700578.34,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +MeOH transport ship,2030,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .", +Methanol steam reforming,2030,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al (2021): 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171 , table 4.", +Methanol steam reforming,2030,investment,16318.43,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al (2021): 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171 , table 4.", +Methanol steam reforming,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al (2021): 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171 , table 4.", +NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.", +NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,2030,investment,161.93,EUR/MWh_NH3,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.", +NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2030,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2030,capacity,53000.0,t_NH3,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2030,investment,74461941.34,EUR,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B", +NH3 (l) transport ship,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology", +OCGT,2030,FOM,1.78,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M +OCGT,2030,VOM,4.5,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M +OCGT,2030,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +OCGT,2030,investment,435.24,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment +OCGT,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime +PHS,2030,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +PHS,2030,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +PHS,2030,investment,2208.16,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +PHS,2030,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +SMR,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR,2030,efficiency,0.76,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +SMR,2030,investment,493470.4,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +SMR CC,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR CC,2030,capture_rate,0.9,EUR/MW_CH4,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050",wide range: capture rates betwen 54%-90% +SMR CC,2030,efficiency,0.69,per unit (in LHV),"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +SMR CC,2030,investment,572425.66,EUR/MW_CH4,Danish Energy Agency,"Technology data for renewable fuels, in pdf on table 3 p.311" +SMR CC,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"IEA Global average levelised cost of hydrogen production by energy source and technology, 2019 and 2050 (2020), https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-average-levelised-cost-of-hydrogen-production-by-energy-source-and-technology-2019-and-2050", +Steam methane reforming,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.", +Steam methane reforming,2030,investment,470085.47,EUR/MW_H2,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.", +Steam methane reforming,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.", +air separation unit,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Fixed O&M +air separation unit,2030,investment,729306.18,EUR/t_N2/h,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Specific investment +air separation unit,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",103 Hydrogen to Ammonia: Technical lifetime +battery inverter,2030,FOM,0.34,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M +battery inverter,2030,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC +battery inverter,2030,investment,160.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment +battery inverter,2030,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime +battery storage,2030,investment,142.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment +battery storage,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +biogas,2030,CO2 stored,0.09,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation, +biogas,2030,FOM,12.84,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.: Total O&M" +biogas,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +biogas,2030,efficiency,1.0,per unit,Assuming input biomass is already given in biogas output, +biogas,2030,fuel,59.0,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biogas,2030,investment,1539.62,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.: Specific investment" +biogas,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","81 Biogas Plant, Basic conf.: Technical lifetime" +biogas plus hydrogen,2030,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Fixed O&M +biogas plus hydrogen,2030,investment,756.0,EUR/kW_CH4,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Specific investment +biogas plus hydrogen,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",99 SNG from methan. of biogas: Technical lifetime +biogas upgrading,2030,FOM,2.49,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Fixed O&M " +biogas upgrading,2030,VOM,3.18,EUR/MWh input,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Variable O&M" +biogas upgrading,2030,investment,381.0,EUR/kW input,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)" +biogas upgrading,2030,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Technical lifetime" +biomass,2030,FOM,4.53,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2030,efficiency,0.47,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2030,fuel,7.0,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2030,investment,2209.0,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +biomass CHP,2030,FOM,3.58,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M" +biomass CHP,2030,VOM,2.1,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M " +biomass CHP,2030,c_b,0.46,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient" +biomass CHP,2030,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient" +biomass CHP,2030,efficiency,0.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass CHP,2030,efficiency-heat,0.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass CHP,2030,investment,3210.28,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment " +biomass CHP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime" +biomass CHP capture,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,heat-output,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,investment,2700000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass CHP capture,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.a Post comb - small CHP +biomass EOP,2030,FOM,3.58,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M" +biomass EOP,2030,VOM,2.1,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M " +biomass EOP,2030,c_b,0.46,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient" +biomass EOP,2030,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient" +biomass EOP,2030,efficiency,0.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass EOP,2030,efficiency-heat,0.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass EOP,2030,investment,3210.28,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment " +biomass EOP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime" +biomass HOP,2030,FOM,5.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output" +biomass HOP,2030,VOM,2.78,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output +biomass HOP,2030,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +biomass HOP,2030,investment,832.63,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment " +biomass HOP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime +biomass boiler,2030,FOM,7.49,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Fixed O&M" +biomass boiler,2030,efficiency,0.86,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Heat efficiency, annual average, net" +biomass boiler,2030,investment,649.3,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Specific investment" +biomass boiler,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","204 Biomass boiler, automatic: Technical lifetime" +cement capture,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,capture_rate,0.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,compression-electricity-input,0.08,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,compression-heat-output,0.14,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,electricity-input,0.02,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,heat-input,0.72,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,heat-output,1.54,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,investment,2600000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +cement capture,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",401.c Post comb - Cement kiln +central air-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,0.23,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M" +central air-sourced heat pump,2030,VOM,2.51,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M" +central air-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central air-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,856.25,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment" +central air-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime" +central coal CHP,2030,FOM,1.63,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M +central coal CHP,2030,VOM,2.84,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M +central coal CHP,2030,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient +central coal CHP,2030,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient +central coal CHP,2030,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net" +central coal CHP,2030,investment,1860.47,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment +central coal CHP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime +central gas CHP,2030,FOM,3.32,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M" +central gas CHP,2030,VOM,4.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M" +central gas CHP,2030,c_b,1.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Cb coefficient" +central gas CHP,2030,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central gas CHP,2030,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +central gas CHP,2030,investment,560.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment" +central gas CHP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime" +central gas CHP,2030,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central gas boiler,2030,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M +central gas boiler,2030,VOM,1.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M +central gas boiler,2030,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central gas boiler,2030,investment,50.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment +central gas boiler,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime +central ground-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,0.39,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2030,VOM,1.25,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,507.6,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment" +central ground-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime" +central resistive heater,2030,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M +central resistive heater,2030,VOM,1.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M +central resistive heater,2030,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central resistive heater,2030,investment,60.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW +central resistive heater,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime +central solar thermal,2030,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central solar thermal,2030,investment,140000.0,EUR/1000m2,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central solar thermal,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,FOM,2.87,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Fixed O&M" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,VOM,4.58,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Variable O&M " +central solid biomass CHP,2030,c_b,0.35,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cb coefficient" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,c_v,1.0,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Cv coefficient" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,efficiency,0.27,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,efficiency-heat,0.82,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,investment,3349.49,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Nominal investment " +central solid biomass CHP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","09a Wood Chips, Large 50 degree: Technical lifetime" +central solid biomass CHP,2030,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +central water tank storage,2030,FOM,0.55,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M +central water tank storage,2030,investment,0.54,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment +central water tank storage,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime +clean water tank storage,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +clean water tank storage,2030,investment,67.63,EUR/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +clean water tank storage,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +coal,2030,CO2 intensity,0.34,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +coal,2030,FOM,1.6,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2030,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2030,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2030,fuel,8.15,EUR/MWh_th,BP 2019, +coal,2030,investment,3845.51,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +csp-tower,2030,FOM,1.1,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power), +csp-tower,2030,investment,98.15,"EUR/kW_th,dp",ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/)., +csp-tower,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power), +csp-tower TES,2030,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower., +csp-tower TES,2030,investment,13.15,EUR/kWh_th,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/)., +csp-tower TES,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower., +csp-tower power block,2030,FOM,1.1,%/year,see solar-tower., +csp-tower power block,2030,investment,687.6,EUR/kW_e,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/)., +csp-tower power block,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,see solar-tower., +decentral CHP,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral CHP,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral CHP,2030,investment,1400.0,EUR/kWel,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral CHP,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,850.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment +decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime +decentral gas boiler,2030,FOM,6.69,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M +decentral gas boiler,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral gas boiler,2030,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net" +decentral gas boiler,2030,investment,296.82,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment +decentral gas boiler,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime +decentral gas boiler connection,2030,investment,185.51,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment +decentral gas boiler connection,2030,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,1.82,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house" +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime +decentral oil boiler,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral oil boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral oil boiler,2030,investment,156.01,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral oil boiler,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf)," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2030,investment,100.0,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral resistive heater,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2030,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2030,investment,270000.0,EUR/1000m2,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral solar thermal,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2030,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2030,investment,18.38,EUR/kWh,IWES Interaktion," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +decentral water tank storage,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,HP," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +digestible biomass,2030,fuel,15.0,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOAGRW1, ENS_Ref for 2040", +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2030,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2030,efficiency,0.39,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +digestible biomass to hydrogen,2030,investment,2500.0,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +direct air capture,2030,FOM,4.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,compression-electricity-input,0.15,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,compression-heat-output,0.2,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,electricity-input,0.32,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,heat-input,2.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,heat-output,1.0,MWh/tCO2,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,investment,6000000.0,EUR/(tCO2/h),"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +direct air capture,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_carbon_capture_transport_storage.xlsx",403.a Direct air capture +electric boiler steam,2030,FOM,1.46,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Fixed O&M +electric boiler steam,2030,VOM,0.88,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Variable O&M +electric boiler steam,2030,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","310.1 Electric boiler steam : Total efficiency, net, annual average" +electric boiler steam,2030,investment,70.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Nominal investment +electric boiler steam,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",310.1 Electric boiler steam : Technical lifetime +electricity distribution grid,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity distribution grid,2030,investment,500.0,EUR/kW,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity distribution grid,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity grid connection,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity grid connection,2030,investment,140.0,EUR/kW,DEA," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electricity grid connection,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +electrolysis,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx","86 AEC 100MW: Fixed O&M " +electrolysis,2030,efficiency,0.68,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW: Hydrogen +electrolysis,2030,investment,450.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW: Specific investment +electrolysis,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels.xlsx",86 AEC 100MW: Technical lifetime +fuel cell,2030,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M +fuel cell,2030,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient +fuel cell,2030,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +fuel cell,2030,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment +fuel cell,2030,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime +gas,2030,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4, +gas,2030,fuel,20.1,EUR/MWh_th,BP 2019, +gas boiler steam,2030,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M +gas boiler steam,2030,VOM,1.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M +gas boiler steam,2030,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +gas boiler steam,2030,investment,45.45,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Nominal investment +gas boiler steam,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Technical lifetime +gas storage,2030,FOM,3.59,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)" +gas storage,2030,investment,0.03,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)" +gas storage,2030,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime" +gas storage charger,2030,investment,14.34,EUR/kW,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Process equipment (units converted)" +gas storage discharger,2030,investment,4.78,EUR/kW,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Process equipment (units converted)" +geothermal,2030,CO2 intensity,0.03,tCO2/MWhth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2030,FOM,2.36,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2030,efficiency,0.24,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2030,investment,3392.0,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +geothermal,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2030,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW,no source," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +helmeth,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,no source," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +home battery inverter,2030,FOM,0.34,%/year,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M +home battery inverter,2030,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC +home battery inverter,2030,investment,228.06,EUR/kW,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment +home battery inverter,2030,lifetime,10.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx, Note K.",: Technical lifetime +home battery storage,2030,investment,202.9,EUR/kWh,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment +home battery storage,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy, Energywatchgroup/LTU University, 2019, Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +hydro,2030,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydro,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydro,2030,investment,2208.16,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydro,2030,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydrogen storage tank,2030,investment,11.2,USD/kWh,budischak2013," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydrogen storage tank,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,budischak2013," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +hydrogen storage tank incl. compressor,2030,FOM,1.11,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M +hydrogen storage tank incl. compressor,2030,investment,44.91,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment +hydrogen storage tank incl. compressor,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime +hydrogen storage underground,2030,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M +hydrogen storage underground,2030,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M +hydrogen storage underground,2030,investment,2.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment +hydrogen storage underground,2030,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime +industrial heat pump high temperature,2030,FOM,0.09,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Fixed O&M +industrial heat pump high temperature,2030,VOM,3.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Variable O&M +industrial heat pump high temperature,2030,efficiency,3.05,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +industrial heat pump high temperature,2030,investment,934.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Nominal investment +industrial heat pump high temperature,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.b High temp. hp Up to 150: Technical lifetime +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2030,FOM,0.11,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Fixed O&M +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2030,VOM,3.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Variable O&M +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2030,efficiency,2.7,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2030,investment,778.8,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Nominal investment +industrial heat pump medium temperature,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",302.a High temp. hp Up to 125 C: Technical lifetime +lignite,2030,CO2 intensity,0.41,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +lignite,2030,FOM,1.6,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2030,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2030,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2030,fuel,2.9,EUR/MWh_th,DIW, +lignite,2030,investment,3845.51,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +methanation,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1", +methanation,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +methanation,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1", +methanation,2030,investment,628.6,"EUR/MW_CH4; and +EUR/kW_CH4","Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.", +methanation,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,Guesstimate., +methane storage tank incl. compressor,2030,FOM,1.9,%/year,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank by DEA.", +methane storage tank incl. compressor,2030,investment,8629.2,EUR/m^3,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10)., +methane storage tank incl. compressor,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank by DEA.", +methanolisation,2030,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.3.2.1.", +methanolisation,2030,investment,650711.26,EUR/MW_MeOH,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 8: “Reference scenario”.", +methanolisation,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (04/2022), Data sheet “Methanol to Power”.", +micro CHP,2030,FOM,6.11,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M +micro CHP,2030,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net" +micro CHP,2030,efficiency-heat,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net" +micro CHP,2030,investment,7410.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment +micro CHP,2030,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime +nuclear,2030,FOM,1.4,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2030,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2030,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2030,fuel,2.6,EUR/MWh_th,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2030,investment,7940.45,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +offwind,2030,FOM,2.32,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]" +offwind,2030,VOM,0.02,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind,2030,investment,1523.55,"EUR/kW_e, 2020","Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment [MEUR/MW_e, 2020] grid connection costs substracted from investment costs" +offwind,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime [years] +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2685.0,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-ac-connection-underground,2030,investment,1342.0,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-ac-station,2030,investment,250.0,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2000.0,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-dc-connection-underground,2030,investment,1000.0,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +offwind-dc-station,2030,investment,400.0,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +oil,2030,CO2 intensity,0.26,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t diesel and -CH2- approximation of diesel, +oil,2030,FOM,2.46,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M +oil,2030,VOM,6.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M +oil,2030,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +oil,2030,fuel,50.0,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +oil,2030,investment,343.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment +oil,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime +onwind,2030,FOM,1.22,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M +onwind,2030,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M +onwind,2030,investment,1035.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment " +onwind,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime +ror,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +ror,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +ror,2030,investment,3312.24,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +ror,2030,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +seawater desalination,2030,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +seawater desalination,2030,electricity-input,3.03,kWh/m^3-H2O,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.", +seawater desalination,2030,investment,32882.05,EUR/(m^3-H2O/h),"Caldera et al 2017: Learning Curve for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants: Capital Cost Trend of the Past, Present, and Future (https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR021402), Table 4.", +seawater desalination,2030,lifetime,30.0,years,"Caldera et al 2016: Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Table 1.", +solar,2030,FOM,1.95,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar,2030,VOM,0.01,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +solar,2030,investment,492.11,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-rooftop,2030,FOM,1.42,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-rooftop,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral," from old pypsa cost assumptions" +solar-rooftop,2030,investment,636.66,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-rooftop,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-rooftop commercial,2030,FOM,1.57,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-rooftop commercial,2030,investment,512.47,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-rooftop commercial,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV commercial: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-rooftop residential,2030,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-rooftop residential,2030,investment,760.86,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-rooftop residential,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Rooftop PV residential: Technical lifetime [years] +solar-utility,2030,FOM,2.48,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Fixed O&M [2020-EUR/MW_e/y] +solar-utility,2030,investment,347.56,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Nominal investment [2020-MEUR/MW_e] +solar-utility,2030,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",22 Utility-scale PV: Technical lifetime [years] +solid biomass,2030,CO2 intensity,0.37,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 18 GJ/t_DM LHV and 50% C-content for solid biomass, +solid biomass,2030,fuel,12.0,EUR/MWh_th,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOOW1 (secondary forest residue wood chips), ENS_Ref for 2040", +solid biomass boiler steam,2030,FOM,6.08,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Fixed O&M +solid biomass boiler steam,2030,VOM,2.82,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Variable O&M +solid biomass boiler steam,2030,efficiency,0.89,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Total efficiency, net, annual average" +solid biomass boiler steam,2030,investment,590.91,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Nominal investment +solid biomass boiler steam,2030,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1e Steam boiler Wood: Technical lifetime +solid biomass to hydrogen,2030,FOM,4.25,%/year,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +solid biomass to hydrogen,2030,capture rate,0.98,per unit,Assumption based on doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.01.006, +solid biomass to hydrogen,2030,efficiency,0.56,per unit,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +solid biomass to hydrogen,2030,investment,2500.0,EUR/kW_th,"Zech et.al. DBFZ Report Nr. 19. Hy-NOW - Evaluierung der Verfahren und Technologien für die Bereitstellung von Wasserstoff auf Basis von Biomasse, DBFZ, 2014", +uranium,2030,fuel,2.6,EUR/MWh_th,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +water tank charger,2030,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: efficiency from sqr(Round trip efficiency) +water tank discharger,2030,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: efficiency from sqr(Round trip efficiency) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/scripts/add_electricity.py b/scripts/add_electricity.py index 8d77b30a..0aa37c34 100755 --- a/scripts/add_electricity.py +++ b/scripts/add_electricity.py @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def load_costs(tech_costs, config, elec_config, Nyears=1.): costs_for_storage(costs.loc["battery storage"], costs.loc["battery inverter"], max_hours=max_hours['battery']) costs.loc["H2"] = \ - costs_for_storage(costs.loc["hydrogen storage"], costs.loc["fuel cell"], + costs_for_storage(costs.loc["hydrogen storage tank"], costs.loc["fuel cell"], costs.loc["electrolysis"], max_hours=max_hours['H2']) for attr in ('marginal_cost', 'capital_cost'):