diff --git a/scripts/add_brownfield.py b/scripts/add_brownfield.py
index 2e0dad17..679060b3 100644
--- a/scripts/add_brownfield.py
+++ b/scripts/add_brownfield.py
@@ -41,10 +41,7 @@ def add_brownfield(n, n_p, year):
         # remove assets if their optimized nominal capacity is lower than a threshold
         # since CHP heat Link is proportional to CHP electric Link, make sure threshold is compatible
         chp_heat = c.df.index[
-            (
-                c.df[f"{attr}_nom_extendable"]
-                & c.df.index.str.contains("urban central")
-            )
+            (c.df[f"{attr}_nom_extendable"] & c.df.index.str.contains("urban central"))
             & c.df.index.str.contains("CHP")
             & c.df.index.str.contains("heat")
         ]
@@ -60,9 +57,7 @@ def add_brownfield(n, n_p, year):
             )
             n_p.mremove(
                 c.name,
-                chp_heat[
-                    c.df.loc[chp_heat, f"{attr}_nom_opt"] < threshold_chp_heat
-                ],
+                chp_heat[c.df.loc[chp_heat, f"{attr}_nom_opt"] < threshold_chp_heat],
             )
 
         n_p.mremove(
diff --git a/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py b/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py
index 60a3b203..7cdca5af 100644
--- a/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py
+++ b/scripts/add_existing_baseyear.py
@@ -545,9 +545,7 @@ def add_heating_capacities_installed_before_baseyear(
                 bus0=nodes[name],
                 bus1=nodes[name] + " " + name + " heat",
                 carrier=name + " resistive heater",
-                efficiency=costs.at[
-                    f"{name_type} resistive heater", "efficiency"
-                ],
+                efficiency=costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "efficiency"],
                 capital_cost=(
                     costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "efficiency"]
                     * costs.at[f"{name_type} resistive heater", "fixed"]
diff --git a/scripts/build_retro_cost.py b/scripts/build_retro_cost.py
index 7a3e3e6e..5373f873 100644
--- a/scripts/build_retro_cost.py
+++ b/scripts/build_retro_cost.py
@@ -609,10 +609,7 @@ def calculate_costs(u_values, l, cost_retro, window_assumptions):
         / x.A_C_Ref
         if x.name[3] != "Window"
         else (
-            (
-                window_cost(x[f"new_U_{l}"], cost_retro, window_assumptions)
-                * x.A_element
-            )
+            (window_cost(x[f"new_U_{l}"], cost_retro, window_assumptions) * x.A_element)
             / x.A_C_Ref
         )
         if x.value > window_limit(float(l), window_assumptions)
diff --git a/scripts/build_salt_cavern_potentials.py b/scripts/build_salt_cavern_potentials.py
index d425dbac..ed039772 100644
--- a/scripts/build_salt_cavern_potentials.py
+++ b/scripts/build_salt_cavern_potentials.py
@@ -66,11 +66,7 @@ def salt_cavern_potential_by_region(caverns, regions):
         "capacity_per_area * share * area_caverns / 1000"
     )  # TWh
 
-    return (
-        overlay.groupby(["name", "storage_type"])
-        .e_nom.sum()
-        .unstack("storage_type")
-    )
+    return overlay.groupby(["name", "storage_type"]).e_nom.sum().unstack("storage_type")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/scripts/build_shapes.py b/scripts/build_shapes.py
index 236c086a..fa707ad5 100644
--- a/scripts/build_shapes.py
+++ b/scripts/build_shapes.py
@@ -119,9 +119,7 @@ def countries(naturalearth, country_list):
     fieldnames = (
         df[x].where(lambda s: s != "-99") for x in ("ISO_A2", "WB_A2", "ADM0_A3")
     )
-    df["name"] = reduce(
-        lambda x, y: x.fillna(y), fieldnames, next(fieldnames)
-    ).str[:2]
+    df["name"] = reduce(lambda x, y: x.fillna(y), fieldnames, next(fieldnames)).str[:2]
 
     df = df.loc[
         df.name.isin(country_list) & ((df["scalerank"] == 0) | (df["scalerank"] == 5))
diff --git a/scripts/cluster_network.py b/scripts/cluster_network.py
index 1d637510..9dbe887a 100644
--- a/scripts/cluster_network.py
+++ b/scripts/cluster_network.py
@@ -322,7 +322,9 @@ def busmap_for_n_clusters(
                 neighbor_bus = n.lines.query(
                     "bus0 == @disconnected_bus or bus1 == @disconnected_bus"
                 ).iloc[0][["bus0", "bus1"]]
-                new_country = list(set(n.buses.loc[neighbor_bus].country) - {country})[0]
+                new_country = list(set(n.buses.loc[neighbor_bus].country) - {country})[
+                    0
+                ]
 
                 logger.info(
                     f"overwriting country `{country}` of bus `{disconnected_bus}` "
diff --git a/scripts/make_summary.py b/scripts/make_summary.py
index 367eccf5..3ec01b66 100644
--- a/scripts/make_summary.py
+++ b/scripts/make_summary.py
@@ -517,7 +517,9 @@ def calculate_weighted_prices(n, label, weighted_prices):
 
             if not names.empty:
                 load += (
-                    n.links_t.p0[names].groupby(n.links.loc[names, "bus0"], axis=1).sum()
+                    n.links_t.p0[names]
+                    .groupby(n.links.loc[names, "bus0"], axis=1)
+                    .sum()
                 )
 
         # Add H2 Store when charging
diff --git a/scripts/plot_network.py b/scripts/plot_network.py
index 4ed8d1ef..c2ba72c7 100644
--- a/scripts/plot_network.py
+++ b/scripts/plot_network.py
@@ -260,9 +260,7 @@ def group_pipes(df, drop_direction=False):
         lambda x: f"H2 pipeline {x.bus0.replace(' H2', '')} -> {x.bus1.replace(' H2', '')}",
         axis=1,
     )
-    return df.groupby(level=0).agg(
-        {"p_nom_opt": sum, "bus0": "first", "bus1": "first"}
-    )
+    return df.groupby(level=0).agg({"p_nom_opt": sum, "bus0": "first", "bus1": "first"})
 
 
 def plot_h2_map(network, regions):
diff --git a/scripts/plot_summary.py b/scripts/plot_summary.py
index 10874fce..a40563f6 100644
--- a/scripts/plot_summary.py
+++ b/scripts/plot_summary.py
@@ -583,8 +583,5 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     for sector_opts in snakemake.params.sector_opts:
         opts = sector_opts.split("-")
-        if (
-            any("cb" in o for o in opts)
-            or snakemake.config["foresight"] == "perfect"
-        ):
+        if any("cb" in o for o in opts) or snakemake.config["foresight"] == "perfect":
             plot_carbon_budget_distribution(snakemake.input.eurostat)
diff --git a/scripts/plot_validation_cross_border_flows.py b/scripts/plot_validation_cross_border_flows.py
index fd52a1b1..65f4f8c7 100644
--- a/scripts/plot_validation_cross_border_flows.py
+++ b/scripts/plot_validation_cross_border_flows.py
@@ -86,8 +86,7 @@ def cross_border_time_series(countries, data):
             )
             title = "Historic" if (axis % 2) == 0 else "Optimized"
             ax[axis].set_title(
-                f"{title} Import / Export for "
-                + cc.convert(country, to="name_short")
+                f"{title} Import / Export for " + cc.convert(country, to="name_short")
             )
 
             # Custom legend elements
diff --git a/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py b/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py
index 906920c8..73b4d0e1 100644
--- a/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py
+++ b/scripts/prepare_perfect_foresight.py
@@ -56,9 +56,7 @@ def get_investment_weighting(time_weighting, r=0.01):
     end = time_weighting.cumsum()
     start = time_weighting.cumsum().shift().fillna(0)
     return pd.concat([start, end], axis=1).apply(
-        lambda x: sum(
-            get_social_discount(t, r) for t in range(int(x[0]), int(x[1]))
-        ),
+        lambda x: sum(get_social_discount(t, r) for t in range(int(x[0]), int(x[1]))),
         axis=1,
     )
 
diff --git a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
index d23936b7..aa54898c 100644
--- a/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
+++ b/scripts/prepare_sector_network.py
@@ -410,7 +410,9 @@ def update_wind_solar_costs(n, costs):
             # e.g. clusters == 37m means that VRE generators are left
             # at clustering of simplified network, but that they are
             # connected to 37-node network
-            genmap = busmap_s if snakemake.wildcards.clusters[-1:] == "m" else clustermaps
+            genmap = (
+                busmap_s if snakemake.wildcards.clusters[-1:] == "m" else clustermaps
+            )
             connection_cost = (connection_cost * weight).groupby(
                 genmap
             ).sum() / weight.groupby(genmap).sum()
@@ -498,9 +500,7 @@ def remove_non_electric_buses(n):
     """
     Remove buses from pypsa-eur with carriers which are not AC buses.
     """
-    if to_drop := list(
-        n.buses.query("carrier not in ['AC', 'DC']").carrier.unique()
-    ):
+    if to_drop := list(n.buses.query("carrier not in ['AC', 'DC']").carrier.unique()):
         logger.info(f"Drop buses from PyPSA-Eur with carrier: {to_drop}")
         n.buses = n.buses[n.buses.carrier.isin(["AC", "DC"])]
 
diff --git a/scripts/solve_network.py b/scripts/solve_network.py
index 48691688..ed566eaf 100644
--- a/scripts/solve_network.py
+++ b/scripts/solve_network.py
@@ -153,10 +153,7 @@ def _add_land_use_constraint_m(n, planning_horizons, config):
     for carrier in ["solar", "onwind", "offwind-ac", "offwind-dc"]:
         existing = n.generators.loc[n.generators.carrier == carrier, "p_nom"]
         ind = list(
-            {
-                i.split(sep=" ")[0] + " " + i.split(sep=" ")[1]
-                for i in existing.index
-            }
+            {i.split(sep=" ")[0] + " " + i.split(sep=" ")[1] for i in existing.index}
         )
 
         previous_years = [
diff --git a/scripts/solve_operations_network.py b/scripts/solve_operations_network.py
index 53d5cc1d..dca49d02 100644
--- a/scripts/solve_operations_network.py
+++ b/scripts/solve_operations_network.py
@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     configure_logging(snakemake)
     update_config_with_sector_opts(snakemake.config, snakemake.wildcards.sector_opts)
 
-    opts = (
-        f"{snakemake.wildcards.opts}-{snakemake.wildcards.sector_opts}".split(
-            "-"
-        )
-    )
+    opts = f"{snakemake.wildcards.opts}-{snakemake.wildcards.sector_opts}".split("-")
     opts = [o for o in opts if o != ""]
     solve_opts = snakemake.params.options