diff --git a/scripts/solve_network.py b/scripts/solve_network.py index 93442a41..51aedb79 100644 --- a/scripts/solve_network.py +++ b/scripts/solve_network.py @@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ import pypsa import numpy as np import pandas as pd +import xarray as xr from pypsa.linopt import get_var, linexpr, define_constraints +from linopy import merge from pypsa.linopf import network_lopf, ilopf @@ -107,110 +109,79 @@ def prepare_network(n, solve_opts=None): def add_battery_constraints(n): - - chargers_b = n.links.carrier.str.contains("battery charger") - chargers = n.links.index[chargers_b & n.links.p_nom_extendable] - dischargers = chargers.str.replace("charger", "discharger") - - if chargers.empty or ('Link', 'p_nom') not in n.variables.index: + """ + Add constraints to ensure that the ratio between the charger and + discharger. + 1 * charger_size - efficiency * discharger_size = 0 + """ + nodes = n.buses.index[n.buses.carrier == "battery"] + if nodes.empty: return - - link_p_nom = get_var(n, "Link", "p_nom") - - lhs = linexpr((1,link_p_nom[chargers]), - (-n.links.loc[dischargers, "efficiency"].values, - link_p_nom[dischargers].values)) - - define_constraints(n, lhs, "=", 0, 'Link', 'charger_ratio') + link_p_nom = n.model["Link-p_nom"] + eff = n.links.efficiency[nodes + " discharger"].values + lhs = link_p_nom.loc[nodes + ' charger'] - link_p_nom.loc[nodes + ' discharger'] * eff + n.model.add_constraints(lhs == 0, name="Link-charger_ratio") def add_chp_constraints(n): - electric_bool = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central") - & n.links.index.str.contains("CHP") - & n.links.index.str.contains("electric")) - heat_bool = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central") - & n.links.index.str.contains("CHP") - & n.links.index.str.contains("heat")) + electric = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central") + & n.links.index.str.contains("CHP") + & n.links.index.str.contains("electric")) + heat = (n.links.index.str.contains("urban central") + & n.links.index.str.contains("CHP") + & n.links.index.str.contains("heat")) - electric = n.links.index[electric_bool] - heat = n.links.index[heat_bool] + electric_ext = n.links[electric].query("p_nom_extendable").index + heat_ext = n.links[heat].query("p_nom_extendable").index - electric_ext = n.links.index[electric_bool & n.links.p_nom_extendable] - heat_ext = n.links.index[heat_bool & n.links.p_nom_extendable] + electric_fix = n.links[electric].query("~p_nom_extendable").index + heat_fix = n.links[heat].query("~p_nom_extendable").index - electric_fix = n.links.index[electric_bool & ~n.links.p_nom_extendable] - heat_fix = n.links.index[heat_bool & ~n.links.p_nom_extendable] - - link_p = get_var(n, "Link", "p") + p = n.model["Link-p"] # dimension: [time, link] + # output ratio between heat and electricity and top_iso_fuel_line for extendable if not electric_ext.empty: + p_nom = n.model["Link-p_nom"] - link_p_nom = get_var(n, "Link", "p_nom") + lhs = (p_nom.loc[electric_ext] * (n.links.p_nom_ratio * n.links.efficiency)[electric_ext].values - + p_nom.loc[heat_ext] * n.links.efficiency[heat_ext].values) + n.model.add_constraints(lhs == 0, name='chplink-fix_p_nom_ratio') - #ratio of output heat to electricity set by p_nom_ratio - lhs = linexpr((n.links.loc[electric_ext, "efficiency"] - *n.links.loc[electric_ext, "p_nom_ratio"], - link_p_nom[electric_ext]), - (-n.links.loc[heat_ext, "efficiency"].values, - link_p_nom[heat_ext].values)) + rename = {"Link-ext": "Link"} + lhs = p.loc[:, electric_ext] + p.loc[:, heat_ext] - p_nom.rename(rename).loc[electric_ext] + n.model.add_constraints(lhs <= 0, name='chplink-top_iso_fuel_line_ext') - define_constraints(n, lhs, "=", 0, 'chplink', 'fix_p_nom_ratio') - - #top_iso_fuel_line for extendable - lhs = linexpr((1,link_p[heat_ext]), - (1,link_p[electric_ext].values), - (-1,link_p_nom[electric_ext].values)) - - define_constraints(n, lhs, "<=", 0, 'chplink', 'top_iso_fuel_line_ext') + # top_iso_fuel_line for fixed if not electric_fix.empty: + lhs = p.loc[:, electric_fix] + p.loc[:, heat_fix] + rhs = n.links.p_nom[electric_fix] + n.model.add_constraints(lhs <= rhs, name='chplink-top_iso_fuel_line_fix') - #top_iso_fuel_line for fixed - lhs = linexpr((1,link_p[heat_fix]), - (1,link_p[electric_fix].values)) - - rhs = n.links.loc[electric_fix, "p_nom"].values - - define_constraints(n, lhs, "<=", rhs, 'chplink', 'top_iso_fuel_line_fix') - + # back-pressure if not electric.empty: + lhs = (p.loc[:, heat] * (n.links.efficiency[heat] * n.links.c_b[electric].values) - + p.loc[:, electric] * n.links.efficiency[electric]) + n.model.add_constraints(lhs <= rhs, name='chplink-backpressure') - #backpressure - lhs = linexpr((n.links.loc[electric, "c_b"].values - *n.links.loc[heat, "efficiency"], - link_p[heat]), - (-n.links.loc[electric, "efficiency"].values, - link_p[electric].values)) - - define_constraints(n, lhs, "<=", 0, 'chplink', 'backpressure') - -def basename(x): - return x.split("-2")[0] def add_pipe_retrofit_constraint(n): """Add constraint for retrofitting existing CH4 pipelines to H2 pipelines.""" - gas_pipes_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'gas pipeline' and p_nom_extendable").index h2_retrofitted_i = n.links.query("carrier == 'H2 pipeline retrofitted' and p_nom_extendable").index - if h2_retrofitted_i.empty or gas_pipes_i.empty: return + if h2_retrofitted_i.empty or gas_pipes_i.empty: + return - link_p_nom = get_var(n, "Link", "p_nom") + p_nom = n.model["Link-p_nom"] CH4_per_H2 = 1 / n.config["sector"]["H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4"] - fr = "H2 pipeline retrofitted" - to = "gas pipeline" + lhs = p_nom.loc[gas_pipes_i] + CH4_per_H2 * p_nom.loc[h2_retrofitted_i] + rhs = n.links.p_nom[gas_pipes_i].rename_axis("Link-ext") - pipe_capacity = n.links.loc[gas_pipes_i, 'p_nom'].rename(basename) + n.model.add_constraints(lhs == rhs, name='Link-pipe_retrofit') - lhs = linexpr( - (CH4_per_H2, link_p_nom.loc[h2_retrofitted_i].rename(index=lambda x: x.replace(fr, to))), - (1, link_p_nom.loc[gas_pipes_i]) - ) - - lhs.rename(basename, inplace=True) - define_constraints(n, lhs, "=", pipe_capacity, 'Link', 'pipe_retrofit') def add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, sns): @@ -243,37 +214,48 @@ def add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, sns): def extra_functionality(n, snapshots): add_battery_constraints(n) add_pipe_retrofit_constraint(n) - add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, snapshots) + # add_co2_sequestration_limit(n, snapshots) -def solve_network(n, config, opts='', **kwargs): - solver_options = config['solving']['solver'].copy() - solver_name = solver_options.pop('name') - cf_solving = config['solving']['options'] - track_iterations = cf_solving.get('track_iterations', False) - min_iterations = cf_solving.get('min_iterations', 4) - max_iterations = cf_solving.get('max_iterations', 6) - keep_shadowprices = cf_solving.get('keep_shadowprices', True) +def solve_network(n, config, opts="", **kwargs): + solver_options = config["solving"]["solver"].copy() + solver_name = solver_options.pop("name") + cf_solving = config["solving"]["options"] + track_iterations = cf_solving.get("track_iterations", False) + min_iterations = cf_solving.get("min_iterations", 4) + max_iterations = cf_solving.get("max_iterations", 6) # add to network for extra_functionality n.config = config n.opts = opts - if cf_solving.get('skip_iterations', False): - network_lopf(n, solver_name=solver_name, solver_options=solver_options, - extra_functionality=extra_functionality, - keep_shadowprices=keep_shadowprices, **kwargs) + skip_iterations = cf_solving.get("skip_iterations", False) + if not n.lines.s_nom_extendable.any(): + skip_iterations = True + logger.info("No expandable lines found. Skipping iterative solving.") + + if skip_iterations: + n.optimize( + solver_name=solver_name, + solver_options=solver_options, + extra_functionality=extra_functionality, + **kwargs, + ) else: - ilopf(n, solver_name=solver_name, solver_options=solver_options, - track_iterations=track_iterations, - min_iterations=min_iterations, - max_iterations=max_iterations, - extra_functionality=extra_functionality, - keep_shadowprices=keep_shadowprices, - **kwargs) + n.optimize.optimize_transmission_expansion_iteratively( + solver_name=solver_name, + solver_options=solver_options, + track_iterations=track_iterations, + min_iterations=min_iterations, + max_iterations=max_iterations, + extra_functionality=extra_functionality, + **kwargs, + ) + return n + if __name__ == "__main__": if 'snakemake' not in globals(): from helper import mock_snakemake @@ -281,10 +263,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": 'solve_network', simpl='', opts="", - clusters="37", + clusters="45", lv=1.0, - sector_opts='168H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1', - planning_horizons="2030", + sector_opts='Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-solar+p3-dist1', + planning_horizons="2050", ) logging.basicConfig(filename=snakemake.log.python, @@ -306,6 +288,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network, override_component_attrs=overrides) n = prepare_network(n, solve_opts) + n.snapshots = n.snapshots[:20] n = solve_network(n, config=snakemake.config, opts=opts, solver_dir=tmpdir,