From aa3ffb9ac25708fb33474c5e2c381d4923d9bb4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Tom Brown Date: Mon, 7 Sep 2020 14:49:20 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Remove biomass from chemicals, cement; increase in PPA, FBT Remove non-existing biomass from chemicals and cement, since these need higher temperatures than achievable with residues and waste. Increase biomass in pulp and paper (since already used extensively here and T < 500), and replace methane with biomass in food, beverages and tobacco, since temperatures needed are low (T < 500). --- scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py | 81 +++++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-) diff --git a/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py b/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py index c8a1747d..f283d222 100644 --- a/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py +++ b/scripts/build_industry_sector_ratios.py @@ -326,9 +326,9 @@ df.loc['naphtha',sector] += (s_fec['Solids'] + s_fec['Refinery gas'] + s_fec['LP + s_fec['Residual fuel oil'] + s_fec['Other liquids']) #### Chemicals: Steam processing -#> All the final energy consumption in the Stem processing is converted to biomass. +#> All the final energy consumption in the Steam processing is converted to methane, since we need >1000 C temperatures here. # -#> The current efficiency of biomass is assumed in the conversion. +#> The current efficiency of methane is assumed in the conversion. subsector = 'Chemicals: Steam processing' @@ -339,13 +339,11 @@ s_ued = excel_ued.iloc[22:33,year] assert s_fec.index[0] == subsector -# efficiency of biomass -eff_bio = s_ued['Biomass']/s_fec['Biomass'] +# efficiency of natural gas +eff_ch4 = s_ued['Natural gas (incl. biogas)']/s_fec['Natural gas (incl. biogas)'] -# replace all non-methane fec by biomass -df.loc['biomass',sector] += (s_ued[subsector]-s_ued['Natural gas (incl. biogas)'])/eff_bio - -df.loc['methane',sector] += s_fec['Natural gas (incl. biogas)'] +# replace all fec by methane +df.loc['methane',sector] += s_ued[subsector]/eff_ch4 #### Chemicals: Furnaces #> assume fully electrified @@ -657,7 +655,7 @@ excel_emi = pd.read_excel('{}/JRC-IDEES-2015_Industry_{}.xlsx'.format(base_dir,c # #> Temperatures above 1400C are required for procesing limestone and sand into clinker. # -#> Everything (except current electricity and heat consumption) is transformed into biomass +#> Everything (except current electricity and heat consumption and existing biomass) is transformed into methane for high T. sector = 'Cement' @@ -676,10 +674,11 @@ df.loc['elec',sector] += s_fec[['Lighting','Air compressors','Motor drives','Fan # Low enthalpy heat df.loc['heat',sector] += s_fec['Low enthalpy heat'] -# Efficiency changes due to biomass -eff_bio=s_ued['Biomass']/s_fec['Biomass'] +# pre-processing: keep existing elec and biomass, rest to methane +df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Cement: Grinding, milling of raw material'] +df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['methane', sector] += s_fec['Cement: Pre-heating and pre-calcination'] - s_fec['Biomass'] -df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_ued[['Cement: Grinding, milling of raw material', 'Cement: Pre-heating and pre-calcination']].sum()/eff_bio #### Cement: Clinker production (kilns) @@ -692,10 +691,10 @@ s_ued = excel_ued.iloc[34:43,year] assert s_fec.index[0] == subsector -# Efficiency changes due to biomass -eff_bio=s_ued['Biomass']/s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['methane', sector] += s_fec['Cement: Clinker production (kilns)'] - s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Cement: Grinding, packaging'] -df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_ued[['Cement: Clinker production (kilns)', 'Cement: Grinding, packaging']].sum()/eff_bio #### Process-emission came from the calcination of limestone to chemically reactive calcium oxide (lime). #> Calcium carbonate -> lime + CO2 @@ -837,7 +836,7 @@ excel_out = pd.read_excel('{}/JRC-IDEES-2015_Industry_{}.xlsx'.format(base_dir,c # #> Includes three subcategories: (a) Wood preparation, grinding; (b) Pulping; (c) Cleaning. # -#> (b) Pulping is electrified. The efficiency is calculated from the pulping process that is already electric. +#> (b) Pulping is either biomass or electric; left like this (dominated by biomass). # #> (a) Wood preparation, grinding and (c) Cleaning represent only 10% their current energy consumption is assumed to be electrified without any change in efficiency @@ -859,14 +858,11 @@ df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec[['Lighting','Air compressors','Motor drives','Fa df.loc['heat', sector] += s_fec['Low enthalpy heat'] # Industry-specific -df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec[['Pulp: Wood preparation, grinding', 'Pulp: Cleaning']].sum() +df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec[['Pulp: Wood preparation, grinding', 'Pulp: Cleaning', 'Pulp: Pulping electric']].sum() -# Efficiency changes due to electrification -eff_elec=s_ued['Pulp: Pulping electric']/s_fec['Pulp: Pulping electric'] -df.loc['elec', sector] += s_ued['Pulp: Pulping thermal']/eff_elec - -# add electricity from process that is already electrified -df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Pulp: Pulping electric'] +# Efficiency changes due to biomass +eff_bio=s_ued['Biomass']/s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_ued['Pulp: Pulping thermal']/eff_bio s_out = excel_out.iloc[8:9,year] @@ -881,7 +877,7 @@ df.loc[sources,sector] = df.loc[sources,sector]*conv_factor/s_out['Pulp producti # #> Includes three subcategories: (a) Stock preparation; (b) Paper machine; (c) Product finishing. # -#> (b) Paper machine and (c) Product finishing are electrified. The efficiency is calculated from the pulping process that is already electric. +#> (b) Paper machine and (c) Product finishing are left electric and thermal is moved to biomass. The efficiency is calculated from the pulping process that is already biomass. # #> (a) Stock preparation represents only 7% and its current energy consumption is assumed to be electrified without any change in efficiency. @@ -905,16 +901,35 @@ df.loc['heat', sector] += s_fec['Low enthalpy heat'] # Industry-specific df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Paper: Stock preparation'] -# Efficiency changes due to electrification -eff_elec=s_ued['Paper: Paper machine - Electricity']/s_fec['Paper: Paper machine - Electricity'] -df.loc['elec', sector] += s_ued['Paper: Paper machine - Steam use']/eff_elec - -eff_elec=s_ued['Paper: Product finishing - Electricity']/s_fec['Paper: Product finishing - Electricity'] -df.loc['elec', sector] += s_ued['Paper: Product finishing - Steam use']/eff_elec - # add electricity from process that is already electrified df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Paper: Paper machine - Electricity'] +# add electricity from process that is already electrified +df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Paper: Product finishing - Electricity'] + + +s_fec = excel_fec.iloc[53:64,year] + +s_ued = excel_ued.iloc[53:64,year] + +assert s_fec.index[0] == 'Paper: Paper machine - Steam use' + +# Efficiency changes due to biomass +eff_bio=s_ued['Biomass']/s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_ued['Paper: Paper machine - Steam use']/eff_bio + + +s_fec = excel_fec.iloc[66:77,year] + +s_ued = excel_ued.iloc[66:77,year] + +assert s_fec.index[0] == 'Paper: Product finishing - Steam use' + +# Efficiency changes due to biomass +eff_bio=s_ued['Biomass']/s_fec['Biomass'] +df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_ued['Paper: Product finishing - Steam use']/eff_bio + + # read the corresponding lines s_out = excel_out.iloc[9:10,year] @@ -1008,8 +1023,8 @@ df.loc['elec', sector] += s_ued['Food: Drying']/eff_elec eff_elec=s_ued['Food: Electric cooling']/s_fec['Food: Electric cooling'] df.loc['elec', sector] += s_ued['Food: Process cooling and refrigeration']/eff_elec -# Steam processing is electrified without change in efficiency -df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Food: Steam processing'] +# Steam processing goes all to biomass without change in efficiency +df.loc['biomass', sector] += s_fec['Food: Steam processing'] # add electricity from process that is already electrified df.loc['elec', sector] += s_fec['Food: Electric machinery']