From 2b6fb0ee66671a3dd2ad3299a34db0fe2530f2c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2020 21:41:21 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Snakefile add rule 'retrieve_cost_data' update cost.csv to default year 2030 add_electricity.py: adjust to new format --- Snakefile | 9 + data/costs.csv | 503 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- scripts/add_electricity.py | 45 ++-- 3 files changed, 345 insertions(+), 212 deletions(-) diff --git a/Snakefile b/Snakefile index 72b726fc..84662eaf 100644 --- a/Snakefile +++ b/Snakefile @@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ if config['enable'].get('retrieve_databundle', True): log: "logs/retrieve_databundle.log" script: 'scripts/retrieve_databundle.py' + + rule build_powerplants: input: base_network="networks/base.nc", @@ -162,6 +164,13 @@ if config['enable'].get('retrieve_natura_raster', True): log: "logs/retrieve_natura_raster.log" script: 'scripts/retrieve_natura_raster.py' +rule retrieve_cost_data: + params: + year = config['costs']['year'], + version = config['costs']['version'], + output: COSTS + shell: 'curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PyPSA/technology-data/{params.version}/outputs/costs_{params.year}.csv -o {output}' + rule build_renewable_profiles: input: base_network="networks/base.nc", diff --git a/data/costs.csv b/data/costs.csv index 330cc3bb..8b50f24d 100644 --- a/data/costs.csv +++ b/data/costs.csv @@ -1,195 +1,308 @@ -technology,year,parameter,value,unit,source -solar-rooftop,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral -onwind,2030,lifetime,30,years,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,lifetime,30,years,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -solar,2030,lifetime,25,years,IEA2010 -solar-rooftop,2030,lifetime,25,years,IEA2010 -solar-utility,2030,lifetime,25,years,IEA2010 -PHS,2030,lifetime,80,years,IEA2010 -hydro,2030,lifetime,80,years,IEA2010 -ror,2030,lifetime,80,years,IEA2010 -OCGT,2030,lifetime,30,years,IEA2010 -nuclear,2030,lifetime,45,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,lifetime,30,years,IEA2010 -coal,2030,lifetime,40,years,IEA2010 -lignite,2030,lifetime,40,years,IEA2010 -geothermal,2030,lifetime,40,years,IEA2010 -biomass,2030,lifetime,30,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,lifetime,30,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -onwind,2030,investment,1040,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,investment,1640,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-station,2030,investment,250,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2685,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-ac-connection-underground,2030,investment,1342,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind-dc-station,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction -offwind-dc-connection-submarine,2030,investment,2000,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf -offwind-dc-connection-underground,2030,investment,1000,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction -solar,2030,investment,600,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -biomass,2030,investment,2209,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -geothermal,2030,investment,3392,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -coal,2030,investment,1300,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,investment,1500,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -solar-rooftop,2030,investment,725,EUR/kWel,ETIP PV -solar-utility,2030,investment,425,EUR/kWel,ETIP PV -PHS,2030,investment,2000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -hydro,2030,investment,2000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -ror,2030,investment,3000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,investment,6000,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,investment,800,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,investment,400,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -onwind,2030,FOM,2.450549,%/year,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,FOM,2.304878,%/year,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -solar,2030,FOM,4.166667,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -solar-rooftop,2030,FOM,2,%/year,ETIP PV -solar-utility,2030,FOM,3,%/year,ETIP PV -biomass,2030,FOM,4.526935,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -geothermal,2030,FOM,2.358491,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -coal,2030,FOM,1.923076,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -oil,2030,FOM,1.5,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -PHS,2030,FOM,1,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -hydro,2030,FOM,1,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -ror,2030,FOM,2,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,FOM,2.5,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,FOM,3.75,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -onwind,2030,VOM,2.3,EUR/MWhel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -offwind,2030,VOM,2.7,EUR/MWhel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data -solar,2030,VOM,0.01,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order -coal,2030,VOM,6,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,VOM,7,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,VOM,4,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,VOM,3,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,VOM,8,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -gas,2030,fuel,21.6,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -uranium,2030,fuel,3,EUR/MWhth,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,VOM,3,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,fuel,3,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -biomass,2030,fuel,7,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -coal,2030,fuel,8.4,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -lignite,2030,fuel,2.9,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b -oil,2030,fuel,50,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf -PHS,2030,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -hydro,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -ror,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -OCGT,2030,efficiency,0.39,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -CCGT,2030,efficiency,0.5,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -biomass,2030,efficiency,0.468,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -geothermal,2030,efficiency,0.239,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -nuclear,2030,efficiency,0.337,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -gas,2030,CO2 intensity,0.187,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -coal,2030,efficiency,0.464,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 PC (Advanced/SuperC) -lignite,2030,efficiency,0.447,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 -oil,2030,efficiency,0.393,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 CT -coal,2030,CO2 intensity,0.354,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -lignite,2030,CO2 intensity,0.334,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -oil,2030,CO2 intensity,0.248,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -geothermal,2030,CO2 intensity,0.026,tCO2/MWth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php -electrolysis,2030,investment,350,EUR/kWel,Palzer Thesis -electrolysis,2030,FOM,4,%/year,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -electrolysis,2030,lifetime,18,years,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -electrolysis,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,investment,339,EUR/kWel,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,FOM,3,%/year,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,lifetime,20,years,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 -fuel cell,2030,efficiency,0.58,per unit,NREL http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45873.pdf; budischak2013 conservative 2020 -hydrogen storage,2030,investment,11.2,USD/kWh,budischak2013 -hydrogen storage,2030,lifetime,20,years,budischak2013 -hydrogen underground storage,2030,investment,0.5,EUR/kWh,maximum from https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46719.pdf -hydrogen underground storage,2030,lifetime,40,years,http://www.acatech.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Baumstruktur_nach_Website/Acatech/root/de/Publikationen/Materialien/ESYS_Technologiesteckbrief_Energiespeicher.pdf -H2 pipeline,2030,investment,267,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156 -H2 pipeline,2030,lifetime,40,years,Krieg2012 http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136392/files/Energie%26Umwelt_144.pdf -H2 pipeline,2030,FOM,5,%/year,Krieg2012 http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136392/files/Energie%26Umwelt_144.pdf -H2 pipeline,2030,efficiency,0.98,per unit,Krieg2012 http://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/136392/files/Energie%26Umwelt_144.pdf -methanation,2030,investment,1000,EUR/kWH2,Schaber thesis -methanation,2030,lifetime,25,years,Schaber thesis -methanation,2030,FOM,3,%/year,Schaber thesis -methanation,2030,efficiency,0.6,per unit,Palzer; Breyer for DAC -helmeth,2030,investment,1000,EUR/kW,no source -helmeth,2030,lifetime,25,years,no source -helmeth,2030,FOM,3,%/year,no source -helmeth,2030,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release -DAC,2030,investment,250,EUR/(tCO2/a),Fasihi/Climeworks -DAC,2030,lifetime,30,years,Fasihi -DAC,2030,FOM,4,%/year,Fasihi -battery inverter,2030,investment,411,USD/kWel,budischak2013 -battery inverter,2030,lifetime,20,years,budischak2013 -battery inverter,2030,efficiency,0.81,per unit,budischak2013; Lund and Kempton (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.06.007 -battery inverter,2030,FOM,3,%/year,budischak2013 -battery storage,2030,investment,192,USD/kWh,budischak2013 -battery storage,2030,lifetime,15,years,budischak2013 -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,1050,EUR/kWth,HP; Palzer thesis -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP; Palzer thesis -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,Palzer thesis -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3,per unit,default for costs -decentral air-sourced heat pump,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,1400,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20,years,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,Palzer thesis -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,4,per unit,default for costs -decentral ground-sourced heat pump,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,investment,700,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,lifetime,20,years,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,FOM,3.5,%/year,Palzer thesis -central air-sourced heat pump,2030,efficiency,3,per unit,default for costs -retrofitting I,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -retrofitting I,2030,lifetime,50,years,Palzer thesis -retrofitting I,2030,FOM,1,%/year,Palzer thesis -retrofitting I,2030,investment,50,EUR/m2/fraction reduction,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,lifetime,50,years,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,FOM,1,%/year,Palzer thesis -retrofitting II,2030,investment,250,EUR/m2/fraction reduction,Palzer thesis -water tank charger,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP -water tank discharger,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,HP -decentral water tank storage,2030,investment,860,EUR/m3,IWES Interaktion -decentral water tank storage,2030,FOM,1,%/year,HP -decentral water tank storage,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP -decentral water tank storage,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central water tank storage,2030,investment,30,EUR/m3,IWES Interaktion -central water tank storage,2030,FOM,1,%/year,HP -central water tank storage,2030,lifetime,40,years,HP -decentral resistive heater,2030,investment,100,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,lifetime,20,years,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis -decentral resistive heater,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central resistive heater,2030,investment,100,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis -central resistive heater,2030,lifetime,20,years,Schaber thesis -central resistive heater,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Schaber thesis -central resistive heater,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,investment,175,EUR/kWhth,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,lifetime,20,years,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral gas boiler,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,investment,63,EUR/kWhth,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,lifetime,22,years,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,FOM,1,%/year,Palzer thesis -central gas boiler,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral CHP,2030,lifetime,25,years,HP -decentral CHP,2030,investment,1400,EUR/kWel,HP -decentral CHP,2030,FOM,3,%/year,HP -decentral CHP,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -central CHP,2030,lifetime,25,years,HP -central CHP,2030,investment,650,EUR/kWel,HP -central CHP,2030,FOM,3,%/year,HP -decentral solar thermal,2030,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis -decentral solar thermal,2030,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP -decentral solar thermal,2030,investment,270000,EUR/1000m2,HP -decentral solar thermal,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP -central solar thermal,2030,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP -central solar thermal,2030,investment,140000,EUR/1000m2,HP -central solar thermal,2030,lifetime,20,years,HP -HVAC overhead,2030,investment,400,EUR/MW/km,Hagspiel -HVAC overhead,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVAC overhead,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel -HVDC overhead,2030,investment,400,EUR/MW/km,Hagspiel -HVDC overhead,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVDC overhead,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel -HVDC submarine,2030,investment,2000,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf -HVDC submarine,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVDC submarine,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel -HVDC inverter pair,2030,investment,150000,EUR/MW,Hagspiel -HVDC inverter pair,2030,lifetime,40,years,Hagspiel -HVDC inverter pair,2030,FOM,2,%/year,Hagspiel +technology,parameter,value,unit,source,further description +CCGT,FOM,3.35,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Fixed O&M" +CCGT,VOM,4.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Variable O&M" +CCGT,c_b,2.0,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cb coefficient" +CCGT,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Cv coefficient" +CCGT,efficiency,0.58,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +CCGT,investment,830.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Nominal investment" +CCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","05 Gas turb. CC, steam extract.: Technical lifetime" +DAC,FOM,4.0,%/year,Fasihi, from old pypsa cost assumptions +DAC,investment,383.0,EUR/(tCO2/a),Fasihi, +DAC,lifetime,30.0,years,Fasihi, from old pypsa cost assumptions +Fischer-Tropsch,FOM,3.0,%/year,doi:10.3390/su9020306, from old pypsa cost assumptions +Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,0.8,per unit,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +Fischer-Tropsch,investment,677.6,EUR/kWH2,Fasihi doi:10.3390/su9020306 (60 kEUR/bpd = 847 EUR/kWL (1b = 1.7 MWh) 847*0.8 = 677.6), from old pypsa cost assumptions +Fischer-Tropsch,lifetime,30.0,years,doi:10.3390/su9020306, from old pypsa cost assumptions +Gasnetz,FOM,2.5,%,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +Gasnetz,investment,28.0,EUR/kWGas,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +Gasnetz,lifetime,30.0,years,"WEGE ZU EINEM KLIMANEUTRALEN ENERGIESYSEM, Anhang zur Studie, Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg",Gasnetz +H2 pipeline,FOM,3.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +H2 pipeline,investment,267.0,EUR/MW/km,Welder et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156, from old pypsa cost assumptions +H2 pipeline,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVAC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVAC overhead,investment,400.0,EUR/MW/km,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVAC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2.0,%/year,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC inverter pair,investment,150000.0,EUR/MW,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,40.0,years,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC overhead,FOM,2.0,%/year,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC overhead,investment,400.0,EUR/MW/km,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC overhead,lifetime,40.0,years,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC submarine,FOM,2.0,%/year,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC submarine,investment,2000.0,EUR/MW/km,Own analysis of European submarine HVDC projects since 2000, from old pypsa cost assumptions +HVDC submarine,lifetime,40.0,years,Hagspiel, from old pypsa cost assumptions +OCGT,FOM,1.78,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Fixed O&M +OCGT,VOM,4.5,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Variable O&M +OCGT,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","52 OCGT - Natural gas: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +OCGT,investment,435.24,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Specific investment +OCGT,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",52 OCGT - Natural gas: Technical lifetime +PHS,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +PHS,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +PHS,investment,2208.16,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +PHS,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR,FOM,5.4,%/year,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR,efficiency,0.74,per unit,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR,investment,540.56,EUR/kWCH4,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030; GBP 466 exchange 1.16, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR CCS,FOM,5.4,%/year,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR CCS,efficiency,0.67,per unit,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030; CCS uses 10% of gas, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR CCS,investment,1032.0,EUR/kWCH4,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-supply-chain-evidence-base; slide 42 assumption for 2030; GBP 466 exchange 1.16; CCS costed at 300 EUR/tCO2/a, from old pypsa cost assumptions +SMR CCS,lifetime,25.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +battery inverter,FOM,0.34,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Fixed O&M +battery inverter,efficiency,0.96,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Round trip efficiency DC +battery inverter,investment,160.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Output capacity expansion cost investment +battery inverter,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +battery storage,investment,142.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Energy storage expansion cost investment +battery storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +biogas,fuel,59.0,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa, from old pypsa cost assumptions +biogas upgrading,FOM,2.49,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Fixed O&M " +biogas upgrading,VOM,3.18,EUR/MWh input,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Variable O&M" +biogas upgrading,investment,381.0,EUR/kW input,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: investment (upgrading, methane redution and grid injection)" +biogas upgrading,lifetime,15.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx","82 Biogas, upgrading: Technical lifetime" +biomass,FOM,4.53,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +biomass,efficiency,0.47,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +biomass,fuel,7.0,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b, from old pypsa cost assumptions +biomass,investment,2209.0,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +biomass,lifetime,30.0,years,ECF2010 in DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +biomass CHP,FOM,3.58,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M" +biomass CHP,VOM,2.1,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M " +biomass CHP,c_b,0.46,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient" +biomass CHP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient" +biomass CHP,efficiency,0.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass CHP,investment,3210.28,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment " +biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime" +biomass EOP,FOM,3.58,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Fixed O&M" +biomass EOP,VOM,2.1,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Variable O&M " +biomass EOP,c_b,0.46,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cb coefficient" +biomass EOP,c_v,1.0,40°C/80°C,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Cv coefficient" +biomass EOP,efficiency,0.3,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass EOP,efficiency-heat,0.71,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +biomass EOP,investment,3210.28,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Nominal investment " +biomass EOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw, Large, 40 degree: Technical lifetime" +biomass HOP,FOM,5.75,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Fixed O&M, heat output" +biomass HOP,VOM,2.78,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Variable O&M heat output +biomass HOP,efficiency,1.03,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09c Straw HOP: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +biomass HOP,investment,832.63,EUR/kW_th - heat output,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Nominal investment +biomass HOP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",09c Straw HOP: Technical lifetime +central air-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.23,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Fixed O&M" +central air-sourced heat pump,VOM,2.51,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Variable O&M" +central air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central air-sourced heat pump,investment,856.25,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Specific investment" +central air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Comp. hp, airsource 3 MW: Technical lifetime" +central coal CHP,FOM,1.63,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Fixed O&M +central coal CHP,VOM,2.84,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Variable O&M +central coal CHP,c_b,1.01,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cb coefficient +central coal CHP,c_v,0.15,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Cv coefficient +central coal CHP,efficiency,0.52,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","01 Coal CHP: Electricity efficiency, condensation mode, net" +central coal CHP,investment,1860.47,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Nominal investment +central coal CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",01 Coal CHP: Technical lifetime +central gas CHP,FOM,3.32,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M" +central gas CHP,VOM,4.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M" +central gas CHP,c_b,0.7,per unit,DEA (backpressure ratio), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central gas CHP,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central gas CHP,efficiency,0.41,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +central gas CHP,investment,560.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment" +central gas CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime" +central gas CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central gas CHP CCS,FOM,3.32,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Fixed O&M" +central gas CHP CCS,VOM,4.2,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Variable O&M" +central gas CHP CCS,c_b,0.7,per unit,DEA (backpressure ratio), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central gas CHP CCS,c_v,0.17,per unit,DEA (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central gas CHP CCS,efficiency,0.37,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +central gas CHP CCS,investment,1160.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx , DIW (CCS)","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Nominal investment" +central gas CHP CCS,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","04 Gas turb. simple cycle, L: Technical lifetime" +central gas CHP CCS,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central gas boiler,FOM,3.8,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Fixed O&M +central gas boiler,VOM,1.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Variable O&M +central gas boiler,efficiency,1.04,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","44 Natural Gas DH Only: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central gas boiler,investment,50.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Nominal investment +central gas boiler,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",44 Natural Gas DH Only: Technical lifetime +central ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,0.39,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Fixed O&M" +central ground-sourced heat pump,VOM,1.25,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Variable O&M" +central ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,1.73,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central ground-sourced heat pump,investment,507.6,EUR/kW_th excluding drive energy,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Nominal investment" +central ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","40 Absorption heat pump, DH: Technical lifetime" +central resistive heater,FOM,1.7,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Fixed O&M +central resistive heater,VOM,1.0,EUR/MWh_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Variable O&M +central resistive heater,efficiency,0.99,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","41 Electric Boilers: Total efficiency , net, annual average" +central resistive heater,investment,60.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Nominal investment; 10/15 kV; >10 MW +central resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",41 Electric Boilers: Technical lifetime +central solar thermal,FOM,1.4,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solar thermal,investment,140000.0,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solid biomass CHP,FOM,4.1,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Fixed O&M" +central solid biomass CHP,VOM,1.85,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Variable O&M " +central solid biomass CHP,c_b,1.01,per unit,DEA for wood pellets CHP (backpressure ratio), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solid biomass CHP,c_v,0.15,per unit,DEA for wood pellets CHP (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency,0.29,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP,efficiency-heat,0.69,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP,investment,2851.41,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Nominal investment " +central solid biomass CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Technical lifetime" +central solid biomass CHP,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solid biomass CHP CCS,FOM,4.1,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Fixed O&M" +central solid biomass CHP CCS,VOM,1.85,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Variable O&M " +central solid biomass CHP CCS,c_b,1.01,per unit,DEA for wood pellets CHP (backpressure ratio), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solid biomass CHP CCS,c_v,0.15,per unit,DEA for wood pellets CHP (loss of fuel for additional heat), from old pypsa cost assumptions +central solid biomass CHP CCS,efficiency,0.26,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Electricity efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP CCS,efficiency-heat,0.69,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Heat efficiency, net, annual average" +central solid biomass CHP CCS,investment,3451.41,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx , DIW (CCS)","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Nominal investment " +central solid biomass CHP CCS,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","09b Wood Pellets, Medium: Technical lifetime" +central solid biomass CHP CCS,p_nom_ratio,1.0,per unit,, from old pypsa cost assumptions +central water tank storage,FOM,0.55,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Fixed O&M +central water tank storage,investment,0.54,EUR/kWhCapacity,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Specific investment +central water tank storage,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",140 PTES seasonal: Technical lifetime +coal,CO2 intensity,0.34,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +coal,FOM,1.6,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,fuel,8.15,EUR/MWh_th,BP 2019, +coal,investment,3845.51,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +coal,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +decentral CHP,FOM,3.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral CHP,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral CHP,investment,1400.0,EUR/kWel,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral CHP,lifetime,25.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral air-sourced heat pump,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Fixed O&M +decentral air-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral air-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.6,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.3 Air to water existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house" +decentral air-sourced heat pump,investment,850.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Specific investment +decentral air-sourced heat pump,lifetime,18.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.3 Air to water existing: Technical lifetime +decentral gas boiler,FOM,6.69,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Fixed O&M +decentral gas boiler,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral gas boiler,efficiency,0.98,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","202 Natural gas boiler: Total efficiency, annual average, net" +decentral gas boiler,investment,296.82,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Specific investment +decentral gas boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",202 Natural gas boiler: Technical lifetime +decentral gas boiler connection,investment,185.51,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Possible additional specific investment +decentral gas boiler connection,lifetime,50.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",: Technical lifetime +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,FOM,1.82,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Fixed O&M +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,efficiency,3.9,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","207.7 Ground source existing: Heat efficiency, annual average, net, radiators, existing one family house" +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,investment,1400.0,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Specific investment +decentral ground-sourced heat pump,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",207.7 Ground source existing: Technical lifetime +decentral oil boiler,FOM,2.0,%/year,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral oil boiler,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral oil boiler,investment,156.01,EUR/kWth,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf) (+eigene Berechnung), from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral oil boiler,lifetime,20.0,years,Palzer thesis (https://energiesysteme-zukunft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/PDFs/ESYS_Materialien_Optimierungsmodell_REMod-D.pdf), from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral resistive heater,FOM,2.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral resistive heater,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral resistive heater,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral resistive heater,investment,100.0,EUR/kWhth,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral resistive heater,lifetime,20.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral solar thermal,FOM,1.3,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral solar thermal,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral solar thermal,investment,270000.0,EUR/1000m2,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral solar thermal,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral water tank storage,FOM,1.0,%/year,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral water tank storage,discount rate,0.04,per unit,Palzer thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral water tank storage,investment,18.38,EUR/kWh,IWES Interaktion, from old pypsa cost assumptions +decentral water tank storage,lifetime,20.0,years,HP, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electricity distribution grid,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electricity distribution grid,investment,500.0,EUR/kW,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electricity distribution grid,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electricity grid connection,FOM,2.0,%/year,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electricity grid connection,investment,140.0,EUR/kW,DEA, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electricity grid connection,lifetime,40.0,years,TODO, from old pypsa cost assumptions +electrolysis,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx",88 Alkaline Electrolyser: Fixed O&M +electrolysis,efficiency,0.66,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx","88 Alkaline Electrolyser: A) Hydrogen output, at LHV" +electrolysis,investment,550.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx",88 Alkaline Electrolyser: Specific investment +electrolysis,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, data_sheets_for_renewable_fuels_-_0003.xlsx",88 Alkaline Electrolyser: Technical lifetime +fuel cell,FOM,5.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Fixed O&M +fuel cell,c_b,1.25,50oC/100oC,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Cb coefficient +fuel cell,efficiency,0.5,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +fuel cell,investment,1100.0,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Nominal investment +fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime +gas,CO2 intensity,0.2,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +gas,fuel,20.1,EUR/MWh_th,BP 2019, +gas storage,FOM,3.59,%,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Operation and Maintenace, salt cavern (units converted)" +gas storage,investment,0.03,EUR/kWh,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Establishment of one cavern (units converted)" +gas storage,lifetime,100.0,years,TODO no source,"estimation: most underground storage are already build, they do have a long lifetime" +gas storage charger,investment,14.34,EUR/kW,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Process equipment (units converted)" +gas storage discharger,investment,4.78,EUR/kW,Danish Energy Agency,"150 Underground Storage of Gas, Process equipment (units converted)" +geothermal,CO2 intensity,0.03,tCO2/MWhth,https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php, from old pypsa cost assumptions +geothermal,FOM,2.36,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +geothermal,efficiency,0.24,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +geothermal,investment,3392.0,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +geothermal,lifetime,40.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions +helmeth,FOM,3.0,%/year,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions +helmeth,efficiency,0.8,per unit,HELMETH press release, from old pypsa cost assumptions +helmeth,investment,2000.0,EUR/kW,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions +helmeth,lifetime,25.0,years,no source, from old pypsa cost assumptions +hydro,FOM,1.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +hydro,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +hydro,investment,2208.16,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +hydro,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions +hydrogen storage tank,FOM,1.11,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Fixed O&M +hydrogen storage tank,investment,44.91,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Specific investment +hydrogen storage tank,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151a Hydrogen Storage - Tanks: Technical lifetime +hydrogen storage underground,FOM,0.0,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Fixed O&M +hydrogen storage underground,VOM,0.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Variable O&M +hydrogen storage underground,investment,2.0,EUR/kWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Specific investment +hydrogen storage underground,lifetime,100.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",151c Hydrogen Storage - Caverns: Technical lifetime +industry CCS,FOM,2.0,%/year,Saygin et al 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.032, from old pypsa cost assumptions +industry CCS,efficiency,0.9,per unit,Saygin et al 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.032, from old pypsa cost assumptions +industry CCS,investment,300.0,EUR/tCO2/a,Saygin et al 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.032, from old pypsa cost assumptions +industry CCS,lifetime,25.0,years,Saygin et al 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.05.032, from old pypsa cost assumptions +lignite,CO2 intensity,0.41,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +lignite,FOM,1.6,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,fuel,2.9,EUR/MWh_th,DIW, +lignite,investment,3845.51,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +methanation,efficiency,0.8,per unit,Palzer and Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +methanation,investment,1000.0,EUR/kWH2,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +methanation,lifetime,25.0,years,Schaber thesis, from old pypsa cost assumptions +micro CHP,FOM,6.11,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Fixed O&M +micro CHP,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Electric efficiency, annual average, net" +micro CHP,efficiency-heat,0.61,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx","219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Heat efficiency, annual average, net" +micro CHP,investment,7410.27,EUR/kW_th,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Specific investment +micro CHP,lifetime,20.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technologydatafor_heating_installations_marts_2018.xlsx",219 LT-PEMFC mCHP - natural gas: Technical lifetime +nuclear,FOM,1.4,%/year,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,VOM,3.5,EUR/MWh_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,efficiency,0.33,per unit,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,fuel,2.6,EUR/MWh_th,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,investment,7940.45,EUR/kW_e,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +offwind,FOM,2.29,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M +offwind,VOM,2.67,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Variable O&M +offwind,investment,1573.21,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Nominal investment grid connection costs substracted from investment costs +offwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",21 Offshore turbines: Technical lifetime +offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2685.0,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions +offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,1342.0,EUR/MW/km,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions +offwind-ac-station,investment,250.0,EUR/kWel,DEA https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data, from old pypsa cost assumptions +offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2000.0,EUR/MW/km,DTU report based on Fig 34 of https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_nsog_report.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions +offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,1000.0,EUR/MW/km,Haertel 2017; average + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions +offwind-dc-station,investment,400.0,EUR/kWel,Haertel 2017; assuming one onshore and one offshore node + 13% learning reduction, from old pypsa cost assumptions +oil,CO2 intensity,0.27,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid-Emissionen des deutschen Strommix in den Jahren 1990 - 2018, +oil,FOM,2.46,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M +oil,VOM,6.0,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M +oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average" +oil,fuel,50.0,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions +oil,investment,343.0,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment +oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime +onwind,FOM,1.22,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M +onwind,VOM,1.35,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Variable O&M +onwind,investment,1035.56,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Nominal investment +onwind,lifetime,30.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Technical lifetime +ror,FOM,2.0,%/year,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +ror,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +ror,investment,3312.24,EUR/kWel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348, from old pypsa cost assumptions +ror,lifetime,80.0,years,IEA2010, from old pypsa cost assumptions +solar,FOM,1.46,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",22 Photovoltaics Medium: Fixed O&M +solar,VOM,0.01,EUR/MWhel,RES costs made up to fix curtailment order, from old pypsa cost assumptions +solar,investment,631.69,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx","22 Photovoltaics Medium: Specific investment, total system" +solar,lifetime,35.0,years,"Assuming 50% rooftop, 50% utility",22 Photovoltaics Medium: Technical lifetime of total system +solar-rooftop,FOM,1.24,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",22 Photovoltaics Small: Fixed O&M +solar-rooftop,discount rate,0.04,per unit,standard for decentral, from old pypsa cost assumptions +solar-rooftop,investment,784.31,EUR/kW,European PV Technology and Innovation Platform,"22 Photovoltaics Small: Specific investment, total system" +solar-rooftop,lifetime,30.0,years,European PV Technology and Innovation Platform,22 Photovoltaics Small: Technical lifetime of total system +solar-utility,FOM,1.93,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",22 Photovoltaics Large: Fixed O&M +solar-utility,investment,376.29,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",22 Photovoltaics Large: Nominal investment +solar-utility,lifetime,40.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_for_el_and_dh_-_0009.xlsx",22 Photovoltaics Large: Technical lifetime +solid biomass,CO2 intensity,0.3,tCO2/MWh_th,TODO, +solid biomass,fuel,25.2,EUR/MWh_th,Is a 100% renewable European power system feasible by 2050?, +uranium,fuel,2.6,EUR/MWh_th,Lazard s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis - Version 13.0, +water tank charger,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: efficiency from sqr(Round trip efficiency) +water tank discharger,efficiency,0.84,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, technology_data_catalogue_for_energy_storage.xlsx",: efficiency from sqr(Round trip efficiency) diff --git a/scripts/add_electricity.py b/scripts/add_electricity.py index 7a32e628..d0385a97 100755 --- a/scripts/add_electricity.py +++ b/scripts/add_electricity.py @@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ It further adds extendable ``generators`` with **zero** capacity for - additional open- and combined-cycle gas turbines (if ``OCGT`` and/or ``CCGT`` is listed in the config setting ``electricity: extendable_carriers``) """ -from vresutils.costdata import annuity from vresutils.load import timeseries_opsd from vresutils import transfer as vtransfer @@ -121,6 +120,19 @@ def _add_missing_carriers_from_costs(n, costs, carriers): emissions.index = missing_carriers n.import_components_from_dataframe(emissions, 'Carrier') + +def annuity(n, r): + """Calculate the annuity factor for an asset with lifetime n years and + discount rate of r, e.g. annuity(20,0.05)*20 = 1.6""" + + if isinstance(r, pd.Series): + return pd.Series(1/n, index=r.index).where(r == 0, r/(1. - 1./(1.+r)**n)) + elif r > 0: + return r/(1. - 1./(1.+r)**n) + else: + return 1/n + + def load_costs(Nyears=1., tech_costs=None, config=None, elec_config=None): if tech_costs is None: tech_costs = snakemake.input.tech_costs @@ -129,23 +141,22 @@ def load_costs(Nyears=1., tech_costs=None, config=None, elec_config=None): config = snakemake.config['costs'] # set all asset costs and other parameters - costs = pd.read_csv(tech_costs, index_col=list(range(3))).sort_index() + costs = pd.read_csv(tech_costs, index_col=[0,1]).sort_index() - # correct units to MW and EUR - costs.loc[costs.unit.str.contains("/kW"),"value"] *= 1e3 - costs.loc[costs.unit.str.contains("USD"),"value"] *= config['USD2013_to_EUR2013'] + # correct units to MW + to_mw_i = costs.query('unit == "EUR/kW"').index + costs.value.update(costs.value[to_mw_i] * 1e3) + costs.unit.update(pd.Series("EUR/MW", to_mw_i)) - costs = (costs.loc[idx[:,config['year'],:], "value"] - .unstack(level=2).groupby("technology").sum(min_count=1)) - - costs = costs.fillna({"CO2 intensity" : 0, - "FOM" : 0, - "VOM" : 0, - "discount rate" : config['discountrate'], - "efficiency" : 1, - "fuel" : 0, - "investment" : 0, - "lifetime" : 25}) + fill_values = {"CO2 intensity" : 0, + "FOM" : 0, + "VOM" : 0, + "discount rate" : config['discountrate'], + "efficiency" : 1, + "fuel" : 0, + "investment" : 0, + "lifetime" : 25} + costs = costs.value.unstack().fillna(fill_values) costs["capital_cost"] = ((annuity(costs["lifetime"], costs["discount rate"]) + costs["FOM"]/100.) * @@ -182,7 +193,7 @@ def load_costs(Nyears=1., tech_costs=None, config=None, elec_config=None): costs_for_storage(costs.loc["battery storage"], costs.loc["battery inverter"], max_hours=max_hours['battery']) costs.loc["H2"] = \ - costs_for_storage(costs.loc["hydrogen storage"], costs.loc["fuel cell"], + costs_for_storage(costs.loc["hydrogen storage tank"], costs.loc["fuel cell"], costs.loc["electrolysis"], max_hours=max_hours['H2']) for attr in ('marginal_cost', 'capital_cost'):